（《本经》中品）
【释名】解离（《本经》）、石解。
时珍曰∶按∶东垣李杲云∶防己如险健之人，幸灾乐祸，能首为乱阶，若善用之，亦可
御敌。其名或取此义。解离，因其纹解也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶防己生汉中川谷。二月、八月采根，阴干。
当之曰∶其茎如葛蔓延。其根外白内黄，如桔梗，内有黑纹如车辐解者，良。
弘景曰∶今出宜都、建平。大而青白色、虚软者好，黑点木强者不佳。服食亦须之。
颂曰∶今黔中亦有之。但汉中出者，破之纹作车辐解，黄实而香，茎梗甚嫩，苗叶小类
牵牛。折其茎，一头吹之，气从中贯，如木通然。他处者青白虚软，又有腥气，皮皱，上有
丁足子，名木防己。苏恭言木防己不任用。而古方张仲景治伤寒有增减木防己汤，及防己地
黄汤、五物防己汤、黄
藏器曰∶如陶所说，汉、木二防己，
即是根苗为名。
【修治】 曰∶凡使勿用木条，色黄、腥、皮皱、上有丁足子，不堪用。惟要心有花纹
黄色者，细锉，以车前草根相对蒸半日，晒干取用。
时珍曰∶今人多去皮锉，酒洗晒干用。
【气味】辛，平，无毒。《别录》曰∶苦，温。普曰∶神农∶辛；黄帝、岐伯、桐君∶
苦，无毒；李当之∶大寒。权曰∶苦，有小毒。
元素曰∶大苦、辛，寒。阴也，泄也。
之才曰∶殷 为之使。杀雄黄毒。恶细辛。畏萆 、女菀、卤碱。伏硝石。
【主治】风寒温疟，热气诸痫，除邪，利大小便（《本经》）。
伤寒寒热邪气，中风手脚挛急，通腠理，利九窍，止泄，散痈肿恶
结，诸 疥癣虫疮（《别录》）。治湿风，口面 斜，手
治中下湿热肿，泄香港脚，行十二
木防己∶主治男子肢节中风，毒风不语，散结气痈肿，温疟风水肿，治膀胱（甄权）。
【发明】弘景曰∶防己，是疗风水要药。
藏器曰∶治风用木防己；治水，用汉防己。
元素曰∶去下焦湿肿及痛，并泄膀胱火邪，必用汉防己、草龙胆为君，黄柏、知母、甘
草佐之，防己乃太阳本经药也。
杲曰∶本草十剂云∶通可去滞，通草、防己之属是也。夫防己大苦寒，能泻血中湿热，
通其滞塞，亦能泻大便，补阴泻阳，助秋冬、泻春夏之药也。比之于人，则险而健者也。幸
灾乐祸，能首为乱阶。然善用之，亦可敌凶突险。此瞑眩之药也，故圣人存而不废。大抵闻
其臭则可恶，下咽则令人身心烦乱，饮食减少。至于十二经有湿热壅塞不通，及下注香港脚，
除膀胱积热而庇其基本，非此药不可，真行经之仙药，无可代之者。若夫饮食劳倦，阴虚生
内热，元气谷食已亏，以防己泄大便，则重亡其血，此不可用一也。如人大渴引饮，是热在
上焦肺经气分，宜渗泄，而防己乃下焦血分药，此不可用二也。外伤风寒，邪传肺经，气分
湿热，而小便黄赤，乃至不通，此上焦气病，禁用血药，此不可用三也。大抵上焦湿热者皆
不可用。下焦湿热流入十二经，致二阴不通者，然后审而用之。
【附方】旧三，新九。
皮水 肿，按之没指，不恶风，水气在皮肤中，四肢聂聂动者，防己茯苓汤主之∶防
己、黄 、桂枝各三两，茯苓六两，甘草二两。每服一两，水一升，煎半升服，日二服。
（张仲景方）
风水恶风，汗出身重，脉浮，防己黄 汤主之∶防己一两，黄 一两二钱半，白术七钱
半，
炙甘草半两。锉散。每服五钱，生姜四片，枣一枚，水一盏半，煎八分，温服。良久再服。
腹痛加芍药。（仲景方）
小便淋涩∶三物木防己汤∶用木防己、防风、
葵子各二两。 咀。水五升，煮二升半，分三服。（《千金方》）
膈间支饮，其人喘满，心下痞坚，面黧黑，其脉沉紧，得之数十日，医吐、下之不愈，
木防
己汤主之。虚者即愈；实者，三日复发，复与之，不愈，去石膏，加茯苓芒硝主之∶用木防
己三两，人
仲景方）
伤寒喘急∶防己、人参等分。为末。桑白汤服二钱，不拘老小。
肺痿喘嗽∶汉防己末二钱。浆水一盏，煎七分，细呷。（《儒门事亲》）
肺痿咯血多痰者∶汉防己、葶苈等分。为末。糯米饮每服一钱。（《古今录验》）
鼻衄不止∶生防己末，新汲水服二钱，仍以少许搐之。（《圣惠方》）
霍乱吐利∶防己、白芷等分。为末。新汲水服二钱。（《圣惠方》）
目睛暴痛∶防己酒浸三次，为末。每一服二钱，温酒下。（《摘玄方》）
解雄黄毒∶防己，煎汁服之。（《肘后方》）
实
【主治】脱肛。焙研，煎饮代茶（《肘后》）。
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】解离（出自《本经》）、石解。
李时珍说：据李杲（东垣）所言：防己就像那些阴险狡诈的人，幸灾乐祸，容易带头作乱；但如果善于使用它，也可以用来抵御敌人。它的名字或许取义于此。“解离”，是因为其根部纹理呈放射状分解的样子。
【集解】《名医别录》说：防己生长在汉中的山谷中。二月和八月采集根部，阴干。
李当之说：它的茎像葛藤一样蔓延生长。它的根外部白色内部黄色，像桔梗，内部有像车轮辐条一样放射状分解的黑纹，这样的品质好。
陶弘景说：现在出产于宜都、建平。个头大、青白色、质地虚软的为好，有黑点且木质坚硬的不好。服用养生也需要用到它。
苏颂说：现在黔中地区也有出产。但汉中出产的，剖开后纹理呈车轮辐条状，黄色充实且有香气，茎梗非常嫩，苗叶小得像牵牛花。折断它的茎，从一头吹气，气流能贯通其中，像木通一样。其他地方出产的则青白虚软，又有腥气，皮皱缩，上面有像钉子一样的足状突起，名叫木防己。苏恭说木防己不能任用。而古方中张仲景治疗伤寒有加减木防己汤，以及防己地黄汤、五物防己汤、黄...
甄权说：如陶弘景所说，汉防己和木防己，就是以根和苗来命名的。
【修治】李当之说：凡使用时不要用木条状的，那种色黄、有腥味、皮皱缩、上面有丁足子的，不堪使用。只要选用内心有黄色花纹的，细细切碎，用车前草根相对蒸半天，晒干后取用。
李时珍说：现在的人多去皮切碎，用酒洗过晒干后使用。
【气味】辛味，平性，无毒。《名医别录》说：苦味，温性。普曰：神农认为辛味；黄帝、岐伯、桐君认为苦味，无毒；李当之认为大寒。徐之才说：苦味，有小毒。
李杲说：大苦、辛味，寒性。属阴，具有泄降作用。
徐之才说：殷孽是它的引经药。能解除雄黄的毒性。畏忌细辛。害怕萆薢、女菀、卤碱。能克制硝石。
【主治】风寒温疟，热气引起的各种痫证，祛除邪气，通利大小便（出自《本经》）。
治疗伤寒寒热邪气，中风导致的手脚拘挛急迫，疏通腠理，通利九窍，止泻，消散痈肿恶结，各种疥癣虫疮（出自《别录》）。治疗风湿，口眼歪斜，手...
治疗中下焦湿热肿胀，泄注香港脚（脚气病），通行十二经脉...
木防己：主治男子肢体关节中风，毒风导致不能言语，消散结气和痈肿，治疗温疟风水肿，治疗膀胱疾病（出自甄权）。
【发明】陶弘景说：防己是治疗风水病的要药。
甄权说：治疗风病用木防己；治疗水病，用汉防己。
李杲说：去除下焦湿肿及疼痛，并泄去膀胱火邪，必须用汉防己、草龙胆作为主药，黄柏、知母、甘草作为辅佐药，防己是太阳经的本经药。
李杲说：《本草十剂》中说：通可去滞，通草、防己这类药物就是如此。防己大苦大寒，能泻血中的湿热，疏通其中的滞塞，也能泻大便，它是补阴泻阳、助秋冬之气、泻春夏之气的药物。比作人来说，就是阴险而健壮的人。幸灾乐祸，能带头作乱。然而善于使用它，也可以抵挡凶险突发的疾病。这是瞑眩之药（指服药后出现剧烈反应以治愈重病），所以圣人保留它而不废除。大体上闻起来臭味令人厌恶，咽下去会使人身心烦乱，饮食减少。至于十二经有湿热壅塞不通，以及下注导致的香港脚，清除膀胱积热以保护根本，非此药不可，真是通行经络的仙药，没有可以替代的。如果是饮食劳倦，阴虚生内热，元气和谷食已经亏损，如果用防己泻大便，则会再次耗伤血液，这是不可用的第一种情况。如果人大渴引饮，这是热在上焦肺经气分，应当渗泄，而防己是下焦血分药，这是不可用的第二种情况。外伤风寒，邪气传入肺经，气分湿热，导致小便黄赤甚至不通，这是上焦气病，禁用血分药，这是不可用的第三种情况。大体上上焦湿热者都不可用。只有当下焦湿热流入十二经，导致二阴不通时，然后仔细审察后使用。
【附方】旧方三首，新方九首。
皮水肿胀，按压凹陷不起，不恶风，水气在皮肤中，四肢微微颤动的，用防己茯苓汤主治：防己、黄芪、桂枝各三两，茯苓六两，甘草二两。每次服用一两，水一升，煎至半升服用，每日两次。（张仲景方）
风水病，恶风，出汗，身体沉重，脉浮，用防己黄芪汤主治：防己一两，黄芪一两二钱半，白术七钱半，炙甘草半两。锉成散剂。每次服用五钱，生姜四片，大枣一枚，水一盏半，煎至八分，温服。隔一段时间再服。腹痛加芍药。（仲景方）
小便淋沥涩痛：三物木防己汤：用木防己、防风、冬葵子各二两。捣碎。水五升，煮至二升半，分三次服用。（《千金方》）
膈间支饮，病人喘满，心下痞硬，面色黧黑，脉沉紧，得病几十天，医生用吐法、下法治疗未愈，用木防己汤主治。虚证的即愈；实证的，三天后复发，再给此药，若不愈，去掉石膏，加茯苓、芒硝主治：用木防己三两，人参...（仲景方）
伤寒喘急：防己、人参等分。研为末。用桑白皮汤送服二钱，不分老少。
肺痿喘嗽：汉防己末二钱。浆水一盏，煎至七分，细细呷服。（《儒门事亲》）
肺痿咯血多痰者：汉防己、葶苈子等分。研为末。糯米饮送服每服一钱。（《古今录验》）
鼻衄不止：生防己末，新汲水送服二钱，仍取少许搐入鼻中。（《圣惠方》）
霍乱吐利：防己、白芷等分。研为末。新汲水送服二钱。（《圣惠方》）
目睛暴痛：防己酒浸三次，研为末。每次服用二钱，温酒送下。（《摘玄方》）
解雄黄毒：防己，煎汁服用。（《肘后方》）
实...
【主治】脱肛。焙干研末，煎水代茶饮用（《肘后方》）。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Jielie (from *Benjing*), Shijie.
Li Shizhen says: According to Li Gao (Dongyuan), Fangji is like a treacherous person who rejoices in others' misfortunes and can instigate trouble; yet if used skillfully, it can also be employed to repel enemies. Its name may derive from this meaning. "Jielie" refers to its texture which splits radially.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* states: Fangji grows in the valleys of Hanzhong. The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the shade.
Li Dang says: Its stems creep like kudzu. The root is white on the outside and yellow inside, resembling Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng). Those with black radial lines inside resembling wheel spokes are of good quality.
Tao Hongjing says: It is now produced in Yidu and Jianping. Large ones that are bluish-white and spongy are good; those with black spots and hard wood are poor. It is also needed for medicinal food preparations.
Su Song says: It is also found in Qianzhong. However, those from Hanzhong, when broken, show radial patterns like wheel spokes, are solid yellow and fragrant, have very tender stems, and leaves small like Ipomoea (Qian Niu). If you break its stem and blow into one end, air passes through as if it were Akebiae Caulis (Mutong). Those from other places are bluish-white and spongy, have a fishy odor, wrinkled skin, and nail-like projections on top, named Mufangji. Su Gong stated that Mufangji should not be used. Yet ancient formulas include Zhang Zhongjing's Modified Mufangji Decoction for treating Shaoyang disease, as well as Fangji Dihuang Tang and Wuwu Fangji Tang...
Zang Qi says: As Tao described, Hanfangji and Mufangji are named after their root and shoot characteristics.
[Processing] Li Dang says: Do not use woody strips that are yellow, fishy-smelling, wrinkled, and have nail-like projections; these are unsuitable. Only select those with yellow patterns in the heart, cut finely, steam for half a day with Plantaginis Seed Root (Cheqiancaogen) as a counter-agent, then dry and use.
Li Shizhen says: Nowadays, people mostly remove the peel, cut finely, wash with wine, dry, and use.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Neutral, Non-toxic. *Bielu* states: Bitter, Warm. Pu Yue: Shen Nong considered it pungent; Huangdi, Qibo, Tongjun considered it bitter and non-toxic; Li Dang considered it Great Cold. Xu Zhicai says: Bitter, Slightly toxic.
Li Gao says: Greatly bitter and pungent, Cold. It belongs to Yin and has a draining action.
Xu Zhicai says: Yin Nie acts as its guide drug. It neutralizes Xionghuang (Realgar) toxicity. It is incompatible with Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma). It fears Bibi (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma), Nuwan (Anemones Radix), and Lujiang (Halite). It subdues Xiaoshi (Natrii Sulfas).
[Indications] Wind-cold warm malaria, various epilepsy cases caused by hot qi, expelling evil pathogens, promoting urination and defecation (*Benjing*).
Treating cold-heat alternating symptoms of shaoyang pathogenic factors, limb stiffness and spasms due to wind-stroke, opening interstices, benefiting the nine orifices, stopping diarrhea, dissipating abscesses and malignant accumulations, various tinea and insect sores (*Bielu*). Treating wind-dampness, facial paralysis, hand...
Treating damp-heat swelling in the middle and lower jiao, pouring-down foot condition (Hongjiaojiao/Jiaji), circulating through the twelve meridians...
Mufangji: Treats wind-stroke in limbs and joints in men, mutism due to toxic wind, dissipates stagnant qi and abscesses, treats warm malaria and wind-water edema, treats bladder diseases (Zhen Quan).
[Elucidation] Tao Hongjing says: Fangji is an essential herb for treating Fengshui (Wind-Water) syndrome.
Zhen Quan says: Use Mufangji for treating wind; use Hanfangji for treating water.
Li Gao says: To eliminate damp-swelling and pain in the lower jiao, and drain fire-evil from the bladder, one must use Hanfangji and Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (Caolongdan) as the sovereign drug, with Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) as minister drugs. Fangji is a herb of the Taiyang channel.
Li Gao says: The *Ten Categories of Materia Medica* states: "That which unblocks removes stagnation," such as Tongcao and Fangji. Fangji is greatly bitter and cold; it can drain damp-heat from the blood, unblock stagnation, and also promote defecation. It supplements Yin and drains Yang, assisting the energies of Autumn and Winter while draining those of Spring and Summer. Compared to humans, it is like someone dangerous yet robust. Rejoicing in misfortune, it can instigate chaos. Yet, if used well, it can overcome凶险 (dangerous) conditions. This is a Mingxuan medicine (herb causing severe reaction to cure serious illness), thus the Sages retained it without abolishing it. Generally, its smell is offensive, and swallowing it causes mental and physical restlessness and reduced appetite. However, when there is damp-heat congestion in the twelve meridians, or pouring-down foot condition, and to clear accumulated heat in the bladder to protect the foundation, no herb can replace this true immortal drug for circulating meridians. If, however, there is internal heat generated by yin deficiency due to dietary irregularity and overwork, and yuan qi and grain essence are already depleted, using Fangji to drain stool will further destroy blood; this is the first situation where it cannot be used. If a person is extremely thirsty and drinks much, indicating heat in the upper jiao lung channel qi level,渗泄 (percolating and draining) is appropriate, but Fangji is a lower jiao blood-level herb; this is the second situation where it cannot be used. External wind-cold invading the lung channel, causing damp-heat in the qi level leading to yellow-red or obstructed urine, is an upper jiao qi pathology; blood herbs are contraindicated; this is the third situation where it cannot be used. Generally, those with upper jiao damp-heat should not use it. Only when lower jiao damp-heat flows into the twelve meridians causing obstruction of the two yin openings should it be used after careful examination.
[Attached Formulas] Three old formulas, nine new formulas.
Pishui (Skin Water) edema, pressing leaves an indentation, no aversion to wind, water qi in the skin, trembling of the four limbs: Fangji Fuling Tang is the primary treatment: Fangji, Huangqi, Guizhi each 3 liang, Fuling 6 liang, Gancao 2 liang. Take 1 liang per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water until half remains, take twice daily. (Zhang Zhongjing Formula)
Fengshui (Wind Water) with aversion to wind, sweating, heavy body, floating pulse: Fangji Huangqi Tang is the primary treatment: Fangji 1 liang, Huangqi 1 liang 2 qian 5 fen, Baizhu 7 qian 5 fen, Zhi Gancao 0.5 liang. Cut into coarse powder. Take 5 qian per dose with 4 slices of Shengjiang, 1 Zao, boil in 1.5 sheng of water until 0.8 sheng remains, take warm. Repeat after some time. Add Shaoyao if abdominal pain occurs. (Zhongjing Formula)
Lin syndrome with dribbling and astringency: Sanwu Mufangji Tang: Use Mufangji, Fangfeng, Dongkuizi each 2 liang. Crush. Boil in 5 sheng of water until 2.5 sheng remains, divide into three doses. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Fluid retention between diaphragm, wheezing and fullness, epigastric hardness, dark complexion, deep-tight pulse, lasting dozens of days, unresponsive to emesis or purgation: Mufangji Tang is the primary treatment. If deficient, it cures immediately; if excess, it recurs in three days. Give again; if ineffective, remove Shigao, add Fuling and Mangxiao: Use Mufangji 3 liang, Renshen... (Zhongjing Formula)
Shaoyang asthma and urgency: Fangji and Renshen in equal parts. Powder. Take 2 qian with Sangbaipi Decoction, regardless of age.
Feiwei (Lung Withering) with asthma and cough: Hanfangji powder 2 qian. Jiangshui (Sour Rice Water) 1 zhan, boil to 0.7 zhan, sip slowly. (*Rumen Shiqin*)
Feiwei with hemoptysis and profuse phlegm: Hanfangji and Tinglizi in equal parts. Powder. Take 1 qian with Nuomici (Glutinous Rice) decoction. (*Gujin Luyan*)
Epistaxis unceasing: Raw Fangji powder, take 2 qian with fresh drawn water, also insuffillate a small amount into the nose. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Huoluan with vomiting and diarrhea: Fangji and Baizhi in equal parts. Powder. Take 2 qian with fresh drawn water. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Sudden eye pain: Fangji soaked in wine three times, powdered. Take 2 qian per dose with warm wine. (*Zhaixuan Fang*)
Neutralize Realgar toxicity: Fangji, decoct juice and drink. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Excess...
[Indications] Rectal prolapse. Roast, powder, decoct and drink as tea (*Zhouhou*).