（《本经》上品）
【释名】铜芸（《本经》）、茴芸（《吴普》）、茴草（《别录》）、屏风（《别录》）、 根
（《别录》）、百枝（《别录》）、百蜚（《吴普》）。时珍曰∶防者，御也。其功疗风最要，故
名
【集解】《别录》曰∶防风，生沙苑川泽及邯郸、琅琊、上蔡。二月、十月采根，曝干。
普曰∶正月生叶细圆，青黑黄白。五月黄花。六月结实黑色。弘景曰∶郡县无名沙苑。
今第一出彭城兰陵，即近琅琊者。郁州百市亦有之。次出襄阳、义阳县界，亦可用。惟以实
而脂润，头节坚如蚯蚓头者为好。恭曰∶今出齐州龙山最善，淄州、兖州、青州者亦佳。叶
似牡蒿、附子苗等。沙苑在同州南，亦出防风，轻虚不如东道者。陶云无沙苑，误矣。
颂曰∶今汴东、淮、浙州郡皆有之。茎叶俱青绿色，茎深而叶淡，似青蒿而短小。春初
时嫩紫红色，江东宋毫人采作菜茹，极爽口。五月开细白花，中心攒聚作大房，似莳萝花。
实似胡荽子而大。根土黄色，与蜀葵根相类，二月、十月采之。关中生者，三月、六月采之，
然轻虚不及齐州者良。又有石防风，出河中府，根如蒿根而黄，叶青花白，五月开花，六月
采根曝干，亦疗头风眩痛。时珍曰∶江淮所产多是石防风，生于山石之间。二月采嫩苗作菜，
辛甘而香，呼为珊瑚菜。其根粗丑，其子亦可种。吴绶云∶凡使，以黄色而润者为佳，白者
多沙条，不堪。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。《别录》曰∶辛，无毒。叉头者，令人发狂；叉尾者，发人痼
疾。
普曰∶神农、黄帝、岐伯、桐君、雷公、扁鹊∶甘，无毒。李当之∶小寒。元素曰∶味
辛而甘，气温，气味俱薄，浮而升，阳也。手足太阳经之本药。好古曰∶又行足阳阴、太阴
二经，为肝经气分药。杲曰∶防风能制黄 ，黄 得防风其功愈大，乃相畏而相使者也。
之才曰∶得葱白，能行周身；得泽泻、蒿本，疗风；得当归、芍药、阳起石、禹余粮，
疗妇人子脏
【主治】大风，头眩痛恶风，风邪目盲无所见，风行周身，骨节疼痹，烦满。久服轻身
（《本经》）。胁痛胁风，头面去来，四肢挛急，字乳金疮内痉（《别录》）。治三十六般风，
男子一切劳劣，补中益神，风赤眼，止冷泪及瘫痪，通利五脏关脉，五劳七伤，羸损盗汗，
心烦体重，能安神定志，匀气脉（大明）。治上焦风邪，泻肺实，散头目中滞气，经络中留
湿，主上部见血（元素）。搜肝气（好古）。
叶
【主治】中风热汗出（《别录》）。颂曰∶江东一种防风，茹其嫩苗，云动风，与此文相
反，岂别是一物耶？
花
【主治】四肢拘急，行履不得，经脉虚羸，骨节间痛，心腹痛（甄权）。
子
【主治】疗风更优，调食之（苏恭）。
【发明】元素曰∶防风，治风通用。身半以上风邪用身，身半以下风邪，用梢，治风去
湿之仙药也，风能胜湿故尔。能泻肺实，误服泻人上焦元气。杲曰∶防风治一身尽痛，乃猝
伍卑贱之职，随所引而至，乃风药中润剂也。若补脾胃，非此引用不能行。凡脊痛项强，不
可回顾，腰似折，项似拔者，乃手足太阳证，正当用防风。凡疮在胸膈以上，虽无手足太阳
证，亦当用之，为能散结，去上部风。病患身体拘倦者，风也，诸疮见此证，亦须用之。钱
仲阳泻黄散中倍用防风者，乃于土中泻木也。
【附方】旧二，新十一。
自汗不止∶防风（去芦）为末，每服二钱，浮麦煎汤服。《朱氏集验方》∶防风用麸炒，
猪皮煎汤下。睡中盗汗∶防风二两，芎 一两，人参半两。为末。每服三钱，临卧饮下。（《易
简方》）
消风顺气∶老人大肠秘涩。防风、枳壳（麸炒）一两，甘草半两，为末，每食前白汤服
二钱。（《简便方》）
偏正头风∶防风、白芷等分。为末，炼蜜丸弹子大。每嚼一丸，茶清下。（《普济方》）
破伤中风，牙关紧急。天南星、防风等分。为末。每服二、三匙，童子小便五升，煎至四升，
分二服，即止也。（《经验后方》）
小儿解颅∶防风、白芨、柏子仁等分，为末。以乳汁调涂，一日一换。（《养生主论》）
妇人崩中∶独圣散∶用防风（去芦头，炙赤）为末。每服一钱，以面糊酒调下，更以面
糊酒投之。此药累经效验。一方∶加炒黑蒲黄等分。（《经验后方》）解乌头毒∶附子、天雄
毒。并用防风煎汁饮之。（《千金方》）
解芫花毒∶同上。
解野菌毒∶同上。解诸药毒∶已死，只要心间温暖者，乃是热物犯之。只用防风一味，
擂冷水灌之。（万氏《积善堂》）
【《神农本草经》列为上品】
【释名】铜芸（出自《神农本草经》）、茴芸（出自《吴普本草》）、茴草（出自《名医别录》）、屏风（出自《名医别录》）、根（出自《名医别录》）、百枝（出自《名医别录》）、百蜚（出自《吴普本草》）。李时珍说：防，是防御的意思。防风治疗风病的功效最为重要，所以得名。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：防风生长在沙苑的川泽地带，以及邯郸、琅琊、上蔡等地。二月和十月采集根部，晒干。吴普说：正月生出细圆的叶子，颜色青黑黄白相间。五月开黄花。六月结黑色的果实。陶弘景说：郡县中没有叫沙苑的地方。现在第一等的防风产自彭城兰陵，就是靠近琅琊的地方。郁州百市也有出产。其次产自襄阳、义阳县界，也可以使用。只要质地坚实且油脂滋润，头部节段坚硬如蚯蚓头的就是好药。苏恭说：现在齐州龙山出产的最为优良，淄州、兖州、青州出产的也很好。叶子像牡蒿、附子苗等。沙苑在同州南面，也出产防风，但质地轻虚，不如东道（指山东一带）出产的好。陶弘景说没有沙苑，是错误的。苏颂说：现在汴京东部、淮地、浙地各州郡都有出产。茎叶都是青绿色，茎色深而叶色淡，像青蒿但短小。初春时嫩芽呈紫红色，江东宋州、亳州人采摘作为蔬菜食用，非常爽口。五月开细小的白花，花心聚集成大房状，像莳萝花。果实像胡荽子（香菜籽）但较大。根部土黄色，与蜀葵根相似，二月、十月采集。关中地区出产的，三月、六月采集，但质地轻虚，不如齐州出产的好。还有一种石防风，产自河中府，根像蒿根且呈黄色，叶青花白，五月开花，六月采根晒干，也能治疗头风眩晕疼痛。李时珍说：江淮地区出产的大多是石防风，生长在山石之间。二月采集嫩苗做菜，味道辛甘芳香，被称为珊瑚菜。其根粗壮丑陋，其种子也可以种植。吴绶说：凡使用防风，以黄色且滋润的为佳，白色的多含沙条，不堪使用。
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。《名医别录》说：味辛，无毒。叉头形的，令人发狂；叉尾形的，引发顽固疾病。
吴普说：神农、黄帝、岐伯、桐君、雷公、扁鹊认为：味甘，无毒。李当之认为：性微寒。张元素说：味辛而甘，气温，气味都淡薄，性质浮而上升，属阳。是手足太阳经的本经药。李杲说：又通行足阳明、足太阴二经，是肝经气分的药。王好古说：防风能制约黄芪，黄芪得到防风，功效更大，这是相畏而相使的关系。徐之才说：得到葱白，能通行周身；得到泽泻、藁本，治疗风病；得到当归、芍药、阳起石、禹余粮，治疗妇人子宫疾病。
【主治】大风，头晕目眩，怕风，风邪导致的眼盲看不见东西，风邪流行全身，骨节疼痛痹阻，烦闷胀满。（出自《神农本草经》）胁痛，胁部受风，头面部游走性疼痛，四肢痉挛拘急，难产及金疮内痉。（出自《名医别录》）治疗三十六种风病，男子各种劳损虚弱，补益中气，增强精神，风赤眼，止冷泪及瘫痪，通利五脏关脉，五劳七伤，消瘦盗汗，心烦体重，能安神定志，调和气脉。（出自《日华子本草》）治疗上焦风邪，泻肺实，散头目中滞气，经络中留存的湿气，主治上部出血。（出自张元素）疏理肝气（出自王好古）。
叶
【主治】中风热汗出（出自《名医别录》）。苏颂说：江东有一种防风，吃它的嫩苗，据说会动风，这与本文相反，难道是不同的物种吗？
花
【主治】四肢拘急，行走困难，经脉虚瘦，骨节间疼痛，心腹痛（出自甄权）。
【发明】张元素说：防风，治疗风病通用。半身以上的风邪用根身，半身以下的风邪用根梢，是治风去湿的仙药，因为风能胜湿的缘故。能泻肺实，误服会泻掉人的上焦元气。李杲说：防风治疗全身疼痛，仿佛突然担任了卑贱的职务，随着引导到达各处，是风药中的润剂。如果要补脾胃，不用它作为引经药就不能发挥作用。凡是脊痛项强，不能回头，腰像折断，项像被拔出的，是手足太阳经证候，正当使用防风。凡是疮疡在胸膈以上，即使没有手足太阳经证候，也应当使用，因为它能散结，去除上部的风。病人身体拘倦的，是风邪所致，各种疮疡见此证候，也必须使用。钱乙泻黄散中加倍使用防风，是在土中泻木（即健脾清肝）。
【附方】旧方两个，新方十一个。
自汗不止：防风（去芦头）研末，每次服二钱，用浮小麦煎汤送服。《朱氏集验方》：防风用麸炒，用猪皮煎汤送下。睡中盗汗：防风二两，川芎一两，人参半两。研末。每次服三钱，临睡前饮下。（《易简方》）
消风顺气：老人大肠便秘涩滞。防风、枳壳（麸炒）一两，甘草半两，研末，每餐前用白开水服二钱。（《简便方》）
偏正头风：防风、白芷等分。研末，炼蜜制成梧桐子大的丸药。每次嚼服一丸，茶清送下。（《普济方》）
破伤中风，牙关紧急。天南星、防风等分。研末。每次服二三匙，用童子小便五升，煎至四升，分两次服，即可停止。（《经验后方》）
小儿解颅：防风、白芨、柏子仁等分，研末。用乳汁调匀涂抹，一日换一次。（《养生主论》）
妇人崩中：独圣散：用防风（去芦头，炙至赤色）研末。每次服一钱，用面糊酒调下，再用面糊酒投服。此药多次验证有效。另一方：加炒黑的蒲黄等分。（《经验后方》）
解乌头毒：附子、天雄有毒。都用防风煎汁饮用。（《千金方》）
解芫花毒：同上。
解野菌毒：同上。解诸药毒：已经死亡，只要心口还温暖的，乃是热物中毒。只用防风一味，研磨冷水灌服。（万氏《积善堂》）
[Classified as Upper Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*]
【Names】Tongyun (from *Benjing*), Huiyun (from *Wu Pu*), Huicao (from *Bielu*), Pingfeng (from *Bielu*), Gen (from *Bielu*), Baizhi (from *Bielu*), Baifei (from *Wu Pu*). Li Shizhen says: "Fang" means defense. Its efficacy in treating wind diseases is paramount, hence the name.
【Collection and Explanation】 *Bielu* states: *Fangfeng* grows in river marshes of Shayuan, as well as Handan, Langya, and Shangcai. Roots are harvested in February and October and dried in the sun. Wu Pu says: Leaves sprout in January, thin and round, with colors ranging from green-black to yellow-white. Yellow flowers appear in May. Black fruits form in June. Tao Hongjing says: There is no place named Shayuan in the commanderies or counties. Currently, the best quality comes from Lanling in Pengcheng, which is near Langya. It is also found in Baishi, Yuzhou. Next best is from Xiangyang and Yiyang county borders, which are also usable. The best quality is solid, oily/moist, with head nodes hard like an earthworm's head. Su Gong says: Currently, the best comes from Longshan in Qizhou; those from Zizhou, Yanzhou, and Qingzhou are also good. Leaves resemble *Muhao* (Artemisia verlotiorum) and *Fuzi* seedlings. Shayuan is south of Tongzhou and also produces *Fangfeng*, but it is lighter and less substantial than that from the East Road (Shandong area). Tao's claim that there is no Shayuan is incorrect. Su Song says: Currently, it is found in all prefectures east of Bian, Huai, and Zhe regions. Stems and leaves are green; stems are darker, leaves lighter, resembling *Qinghao* (Artemisia annua) but shorter. In early spring, tender shoots are purplish-red; people in Jiangdong, Songzhou, and Haozhou harvest them as vegetables, very palatable. Small white flowers bloom in May, clustered in large heads, resembling *Shiluo* (Dill) flowers. Fruits resemble *Husui* (Coriander) seeds but larger. Roots are earthy-yellow, similar to *Shukui* (Althaea officinalis) roots, harvested in February and October. Those from Guanzhong are harvested in March and June, but are lighter and less substantial than those from Qizhou. There is also a variety called *Shi Fangfeng* (Stone Fangfeng), produced in Hezhong Prefecture. Roots resemble mugwort roots and are yellow; leaves are green, flowers white. Flowers in May, roots harvested in June and dried. It also treats cephalalgia and vertigo caused by wind. Li Shizhen says: Most *Fangfeng* produced in Jianghuai is actually *Shi Fangfeng*, growing among mountain rocks. Tender shoots are harvested in February for food, tasting pungent, sweet, and aromatic, called Shanhucai (Coral Vegetable). Its roots are thick and ugly, but its seeds can be planted. Wu Shou says: When using *Fangfeng*, yellow and moist ones are superior; white ones often contain sandy fibers and are unsuitable.
【Flavor and Properties】 Sweet, warm, non-toxic. *Bielu* states: Pungent, non-toxic. Those with forked heads cause madness; those with forked tails induce chronic diseases.
Wu Pu says: Shennong, Huangdi, Qibo, Tongjun, Leigong, Bianque: Sweet, non-toxic. Li Dangzhi: Slightly cold. Zhang Yuansu says: Pungent and sweet, warm in temperature, thin in flavor and aroma, floating and ascending, belonging to Yang. It is the principal herb for the Foot-Taiyang and Hand-Taiyang meridians. Wang Haogu says: It also circulates through the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Taiyin meridians, acting on the Qi level of the Liver meridian. Li Gao says: *Fangfeng* can constrain *Huangqi* (Astragalus); when combined with *Huangqi*, its efficacy increases greatly; this is a relationship of mutual inhibition and mutual enhancement (Xiangwei Xiangshi). Xu Zhicai says: Combined with Congbai (Scallion stem), it circulates throughout the body; combined with Zexie (Alisma) and Gaoben (Ligusticum), it treats wind; combined with Danggui (Angelica sinensis), Shaoyao (Paeonia lactiflora), Yangqishi (Calcitum), and Yuyuliang (Haematites), it treats uterine diseases in women.
【Indications】 Severe wind, dizziness, aversion to wind, blindness due to wind pathogen causing inability to see, wind circulating throughout the body, pain and bi-syndrome in bone joints, irritability and fullness. Long-term use lightens the body (*Benjing*). Hypochondriac pain, wind in hypochondrium, migratory pain in head and face, spasms and contracture of four limbs, dystocia, and internal tetanus from metal wounds (*Bielu*). Treats thirty-six types of wind, all kinds of exhaustion and weakness in men, tonifies the middle, benefits spirit, wind-red eyes, stops cold tears and paralysis, unblocks the five zang organs' pulse gates, treats five labors and seven injuries, emaciation and night sweats, heart vexation and heavy body, calms the mind and stabilizes will, harmonizes qi pulses (*Rihua Zi*). Treats wind pathogen in the Upper Jiao, drains Lung excess, disperses stagnant qi in head and eyes, removes retained dampness in collaterals, primarily treats upper body bleeding (*Yuansu*). Searches out Liver Qi (*Haogu*).
Leaves
【Indications】 Wind-heat stroke with sweating (*Bielu*). Su Song says: A type of *Fangfeng* in Jiangdong, eating its tender shoots is said to move wind, which contradicts this text; could it be a different species?
Flowers
【Indications】 Spasms and contracture of four limbs, inability to walk, deficiency and emaciation of meridians, pain between bone joints, heart and abdominal pain (*Zhen Quan*).
Seeds
【Indications】 Superior for treating wind, taken as food (*Su Gong*).
【Elucidation】 Zhang Yuansu says: *Fangfeng* is generally used for wind. For wind pathogen above the waist, use the root body; for wind pathogen below the waist, use the root tip. It is a divine herb for treating wind and removing dampness, because wind can overcome dampness. It drains Lung excess; mistaken use drains the Yuan Qi of the Upper Jiao. Li Gao says: *Fangfeng* treats whole-body pain, acting like a humble servant going wherever guided; it is a moistening agent among wind-dispelling herbs. If tonifying Spleen and Stomach, it cannot function without being used as a guiding herb. For stiff neck and back pain, inability to turn the head, waist feeling like breaking, neck feeling like pulling, these are Taiyang meridian syndromes, where *Fangfeng* is indicated. For sores above the chest and diaphragm, even without Taiyang symptoms, it should be used, as it dissipates nodules and removes upper wind. Patients with body stiffness and fatigue have wind; if sores present this symptom, *Fangfeng* must be used. In Qian Yi's *Xiehuang San*, doubling the dose of *Fangfeng* is to drain Wood within Earth (i.e., clear Liver heat while strengthening Spleen).
【Attached Prescriptions】 Two old, eleven new.
Spontaneous sweating not stopping: *Fangfeng* (remove rhizome), powdered. Take 2 qian per dose, decocted with Fomai (Floating Wheat). *Zhu Shi Jiyan Fang*: *Fangfeng* stir-fried with bran, taken with pig skin decoction. Night sweats during sleep: *Fangfeng* 2 liang, Xiong (Chuanxiong) 1 liang, Renshen (Ginseng) 0.5 liang. Powdered. Take 3 qian per dose before bed. (*Yijian Fang*)
Eliminate wind and regulate Qi: Elderly with constipation. *Fangfeng*, Zhike (Immature Bitter Orange, stir-fried with bran) 1 liang, Gancao (Licorice) 0.5 liang. Powdered. Take 2 qian before meals with plain water. (*Jianbian Fang*)
Deviant and regular Cephalalgia: *Fangfeng*, Baizhi (Angelica dahurica) equal parts. Powdered, honey pills size of mustard seeds. Chew one pill, swallow with tea liquor. (*Puji Fang*)
Traumatic wind, trismus. Tiannanxing (Arisaema cum Bile), *Fangfeng* equal parts. Powdered. Take 2-3 spoons per dose, decocted in 5 sheng of urine from an uncircumcised boy until reduced to 4 sheng, divide into two doses, stops immediately. (*Jingyan Houfang*)
Infant cranial suture separation (Open fontanelle): *Fangfeng*, Baiji (Bletilla striata), Baiziren (Biota seed) equal parts. Powdered. Mix with milk and apply externally, change once daily. (*Yangsheng Zhu Lun*)
Uterine bleeding (Metrorrhagia): Dusheng San: *Fangfeng* (remove rhizome, roast until red), powdered. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with flour paste and wine, followed by more flour paste wine. This prescription has proven effective repeatedly. Another formula: Add Chaohei Puhuang (Burnt Polygonatum pollen) equal parts. (*Jingyan Houfang*)
Resolve Aconite toxicity: Fuzi (Prepared Aconite), Tianxiong (Prepared lateral root of Aconite) are toxic. Decoct *Fangfeng* and drink the juice. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Resolve Genkwa toxicity: Same as above.
Resolve wild mushroom toxicity: Same as above. Resolve various drug toxicities: If dead but heart remains warm, it is heat toxin poisoning. Use only *Fangfeng*, grind with cold water and force-feed. (Wan Shi, *Jishan Tang*)