（《唐本草》）
【校正】自草部移入此。
【释名】阿虞（《纲目》）、熏渠（《唐本》）、
时珍曰∶夷人自称曰阿，此物极臭，阿之所畏也。
波斯国呼为阿虞，天竺国呼为形虞，《涅 经》谓之央匮。蒙古人谓之哈昔泥，元时食
用以
【集解】恭曰∶阿魏生西番及昆仑。苗叶根茎酷似白芷，捣根汁，日、煎作饼者为上。
截根穿曝干者为次。体性极臭而能止臭，亦为奇物也。又婆罗门云∶熏渠即是阿魏，取根汁
曝之如胶，或截根晒干，并极臭。西国持咒人禁食之。常食用之，云去臭气。戎人重此，犹
俗中贵胡椒，巴人重负 也。
曰∶按∶《广志》云∶生昆仑国。是木津液，如桃胶状。其色黑者不堪，其状黄散者
为上。云南长河中亦有，与舶上来者滋味相似一般，只无黄色。
颂曰∶今惟广州有之，云是木膏液滴酿结成，与苏恭所说不同。按∶段成式《酉阳杂俎
》云∶阿魏木，生波斯国及伽 那国（即北天竺也）。木长八、九尺，皮色青黄。三月生叶，
似鼠耳。无花实。断其枝，汁出如饴，久乃坚凝，名阿魏。摩伽陀僧言∶取其汁和米、豆屑
合酿而成。其说与广州所生者相近。
同而差淡薄，但无汁膏尔。
是也。木者出南番，取
云出火州及沙鹿、海牙国者，草高尺许，根株独立，枝叶如盖，臭气逼人，生取其汁
名阿魏。出三佛齐及暹逻国者，树不甚高，土人纳竹筒于树内，脂满其中，冬月破筒取之。
或云其脂最毒，人不敢近。每采时，以羊系于树下，自远射之。脂之毒着羊，羊毙即为阿魏。
观此，则其有二种明矣。盖其树低小如枸杞、牡荆之类，西南风土不同，故或如草如木也。
系羊射脂之说，俗亦相传，但无实据。谚云∶黄芩无假，阿魏无真。以其多伪也。刘纯诗云∶
阿魏无真却有真，臭而止臭乃为珍。
以半铢安熟铜器中一宿，至明沾阿魏处白如银，永无赤色；第
一夜，至明如鲜血色；第三将一铢安于柚树上，树立干，便是
器上 ，过入药。
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
【主治】杀诸小虫，去臭气，破症积，下恶气，除邪鬼蛊毒（《唐本》）。治风邪鬼疰，
心腹中冷（李 ）。传尸冷气，辟
明）。解自死牛、羊、马肉诸毒
【发明】炳曰∶阿魏下细虫，极效。
时珍曰∶阿魏消肉积，杀小虫，故能解毒辟邪，治疟、痢、疳、劳、尸注、冷痛诸症。
按∶王 《百一选方》云∶夔州谭逵病疟半年。故人窦藏叟授方∶用真阿魏、好丹砂各
一两，研匀，米糊和，丸皂子大。每空心人参汤化服一丸，即愈。世人治疟，惟用常山、砒
霜毒
黄连、木香汤下，疟、痢亦多起于积滞故尔。
【附方】新十。
辟鬼除邪∶阿魏枣许为末，以牛乳或肉汁煎五、六沸服之。至暮，以乳服安息香枣许。
久者不过十日。忌一切菜。孙侍郎用之有效。（唐崔行功《纂要》）
恶疰腹痛不可忍者∶阿魏末，热酒服一、二钱，立止。（《永类钤方》）
尸疰中恶∶近死尸，恶气入腹，终身不愈。
用阿魏三两。每用二钱，拌面裹作馄饨十余枚，煮熟食之，日三。服至三、七日，永除。
忌
疝疼痛∶败精恶血，结在阴囊所致。用阿魏二两（醋和荞麦面作饼裹之煨熟），大槟
榔二枚钻孔，溶乳香填满，亦以荞面裹之煨熟，入 砂末一钱，赤芍药末一两，糊丸梧桐子
大。每食前，酒下三十丸。（危氏《得效方》）。
小儿盘肠内吊，腹痛不止∶用阿魏为末，大蒜半瓣炮熟研烂和丸麻子大。每艾汤服五丸。
（《总微论》）。
脾积结块∶鸡子五个，阿魏五分，黄蜡一两，同煎化，分作十服。每空心细嚼，温水送
下。诸物不忌，腹痛无妨。十日后大便下血，乃积化也。（《保寿堂经验方》）。
痞块有积∶阿魏五钱，五灵脂（炒烟尽）五钱，为末，以黄雄狗胆汁和，丸黍米大。空
心
唾津送下三十丸。忌羊肉、醋、面。（《扶寿精方》）。
胭脂各一豆大，研匀，以蒜膏和，覆虎口上，男左女右。（《圣济总录》）
臭黄等分，为末，糊丸绿豆大。每棉裹一丸，随左右插入耳中，立效。（《圣惠方》）
（出自《唐本草》）
【校正】从草部移入此部。
【释名】阿虞（《本草纲目》）、熏渠（《唐本草》）。
李时珍说：夷人自称“阿”，这种药气味极臭，是“阿”所畏惧的。
波斯国称它为阿虞，天竺国称它为形虞，《涅槃经》称它为央匮。蒙古人称它为哈昔泥，元代时食用它。
【集解】苏恭说：阿魏生长在西番及昆仑地区。它的苗、叶、根、茎非常像白芷，捣碎根部取汁，日晒或煎煮成饼状的是上品。
将根截断穿起来晒干的是次品。阿魏体质气味极臭却能止住臭味，也是奇物。又有婆罗门人说：熏渠就是阿魏，取根汁曝晒成胶状，或者截根晒干，都极臭。西域持咒的人禁止食用它。经常食用它，据说能去除身上的臭气。戎人重视此药，就像世俗中看重胡椒一样，巴人重视附子。
寇宗奭说：据《广志》记载：阿魏生长在昆仑国。它是树木的津液，形状像桃胶。颜色黑的不能用，形状呈黄色粉末状的是上品。云南长河中也有出产，与海外运来的味道相似，只是没有黄色。
苏颂说：现在只有广州有出产，说是木膏液滴落酿结而成，这与苏恭所说的不同。据段成式《酉阳杂俎》记载：阿魏树，生长在波斯国及伽那国（即北天竺）。树高八、九尺，皮色青黄。三月生叶，形状像鼠耳。无花无果实。折断树枝，流出汁液如饴糖，久置后坚硬凝固，名叫阿魏。摩伽陀僧人说：取它的汁液和米、豆屑混合酿造而成。这种说法与广州出产的情况相近。
两者相同但后者味道稍淡薄，只是没有汁膏罢了。
这是真的。树木类的阿魏出自南番，取汁。
有人说出火州及沙鹿、海牙国的阿魏，草高一尺左右，根株独立，枝叶如伞盖，臭气逼人，新鲜时取汁名为阿魏。出三佛齐及暹逻国的阿魏，树不太高，当地人把竹筒插入树内，脂液充满其中，冬天打破竹筒收取。
有人说它的脂液最毒，人不敢靠近。每次采集时，把羊拴在树下，从远处射它。脂液的毒性附着在羊身上，羊死后就成为阿魏。
看这些情况，那么阿魏有两种是明显的了。大概是因为树低小像枸杞、牡荆之类，西南风土不同，所以有的像草有的像树。
拴羊射脂的说法，民间也相传，但没有实据。谚语说：黄芩没有假货，阿魏没有真货。因为阿魏多伪劣。刘纯诗云：
阿魏无真却有真，臭而止臭乃为珍。
用半铢阿魏放在熟铜器中过夜，到第二天沾阿魏的地方白得像银子，永远没有红色；第一夜，到第二天像鲜血的颜色；第三夜把一铢阿魏放在柚树上，树立干燥，便是器物上的[杂质]，过筛入药。
【气味】辛味，平性，无毒。
【主治】杀死各种小虫，去除臭气，破除症积，下泄恶气，除邪鬼蛊毒（《唐本草》）。治疗风邪鬼疰，心腹寒冷（李珣）。传尸冷气，辟[邪气]（陈藏器）。解自死牛、羊、马肉的各种毒素。
【发明】赵炳说：阿魏驱除肠道内的细虫，效果极佳。
李时珍说：阿魏消除肉积，杀死小虫，所以能解毒辟邪，治疗疟疾、痢疾、疳积、劳热、尸注、冷痛等各种病症。
据王璆《百一选方》记载：夔州谭逵患疟疾半年。朋友窦藏叟传授方子：用真阿魏、好丹砂各一两，研匀，米糊调和，制成皂角子大小的丸药。每次空腹用人参汤化服一丸，即刻痊愈。世人治疗疟疾，只用常山、砒霜等有毒药物，以及黄连、木香汤送服，疟疾、痢疾也多因积滞引起。
【附方】新收录十首。
辟鬼除邪：阿魏枣核大小研为末，用牛乳或肉汁煎煮五、六沸后服用。到了傍晚，再用乳汁送服枣核大小的安息香。病程长的不超过十天。忌食一切蔬菜。孙侍郎使用有效。（唐代崔行功《纂要》）
恶疰腹痛不可忍受：阿魏末，热酒送服一、二钱，立刻止痛。（《永类钤方》）
尸疰中恶：靠近死尸，恶气进入腹部，终身不愈。
用阿魏三两。每次用二钱，拌面粉包裹做成十余个馄饨，煮熟食用，每日三次。服用三至七天，永久根除。
忌[食某些食物]。
疝气疼痛：败精恶血，凝结在阴囊所致。用阿魏二两（醋和荞麦面做饼包裹后煨熟），大槟榔二枚钻孔，溶化乳香填满，也用荞面包裹后煨熟，加入硇砂末一钱，赤芍药末一两，糊丸梧桐子大小。每餐前，酒送服三十丸。（危氏《得效方》）。
小儿盘肠内吊，腹痛不止：用阿魏为末，大蒜半瓣炮熟研烂调和成麻子大小的丸药。每次艾汤送服五丸。（《总微论》）。
脾积结块：鸡蛋五个，阿魏五分，黄蜡一两，同煎化开，分作十服。每次空腹细细咀嚼，温水送下。各种食物都不忌，腹痛无妨。十日后大便下血，乃是积滞化解的表现。（《保寿堂经验方》）。
痞块有积：阿魏五钱，五灵脂（炒至烟尽）五钱，研为末，用黄雄狗胆汁调和，丸黍米大小。空腹
唾液送下三十丸。忌羊肉、醋、面食。（《扶寿精方》）。
胭脂各一豆大，研匀，用蒜膏调和，敷在虎口上，男左女右。（《圣济总录》）
臭黄等分，研为末，糊丸绿豆大小。每次用棉裹一丸，随左右插入耳中，立刻见效。（《圣惠方》）
(According to *Tang Bencao*)
[Correction] Moved from the Herb section to this section.
[Names] A Yu (*Bencao Gangmu*), Xun Qu (*Tang Bencao*).
Li Shizhen said: Barbarians call themselves "A". This substance has an extremely foul odor, which is what "A" fears.
The Kingdom of Persia calls it A Yu, the Kingdom of Tianzhu (India) calls it Xing Yu, and the *Nirvana Sutra* calls it Yang Kui. The Mongols call it Hasini; it was consumed during the Yuan Dynasty.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Gong said: Asafoetida grows in Xifan and Kunlun regions. Its seedlings, leaves, roots, and stems closely resemble Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Bai Zhi). The root juice is extracted by crushing, sun-dried or boiled into cakes; these are of the highest grade.
Those made by cutting the roots, threading them, and drying them in the sun are of secondary grade. Asafoetida has an extremely foul nature yet can stop foul odors, making it a remarkable substance. Another account from Brahmins states: Xun Qu is indeed Asafoetida. The root juice is sun-dried into a gum-like substance, or the roots are cut and dried, both being extremely foul-smelling. Sorcerers in Western countries prohibit its consumption. Regular consumption is said to remove body odor. The Rong people value this herb as highly as common people value Piperis Fructus (Hu Jiao, Pepper), just as the Ba people value Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fu Zi, Prepared Root of Chinese Aconite).
Kou Zongshi said: According to *Guang Zhi*, Asafoetida grows in the Kingdom of Kunlun. It is the sap of a tree, resembling Gum Tragacanth (Tao Jiao). Those with black color are unusable; those appearing as yellow powder are of the best quality. It is also found in the Chang River in Yunnan, similar in taste to imported varieties, but lacking the yellow hue.
Su Song said: Currently, it is only available in Guangzhou, where it is described as congealed from tree resin droplets, differing from Su Gong's description. According to Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu*, the Asafoetida tree grows in the Kingdom of Persia and Qiana (Northern India). The tree is 8-9 chi tall, with greenish-yellow bark. Leaves emerge in March, resembling mouse ears. It bears no flowers or fruits. When branches are broken, sap flows out like malt syrup, hardening over time into what is named Asafoetida. Monks from Magadha stated that its sap is fermented with rice and bean bran. This description is close to the variety produced in Guangzhou.
They are similar, though the latter is slightly milder in flavor, merely lacking the resinous juice.
This is authentic. Tree-derived Asafoetida comes from the Southern Fan regions.
It is said that Asafoetida from Huozhou, Shalu, and Haiya countries consists of herbs about one chi high, with independent root stocks, umbrella-like foliage, and overpowering odor; the fresh juice is collected and named Asafoetida. From Srivijaya and Siam, the trees are not very tall; locals insert bamboo tubes into the trees, filling them with resin, which is harvested in winter by breaking the tubes.
Some say the resin is extremely toxic, so people dare not approach. During collection, sheep are tied under the trees and shot from a distance. The toxic resin adheres to the sheep, and once the sheep dies, it becomes Asafoetida.
Observing this, it is clear there are two types. Generally, the trees are low and small, similar to Lycii Cortex (Gou Qi Pi) or Vitex Negundo (Mu Jing), and due to different southwestern climates, some resemble herbs while others resemble trees.
The story of tying sheep and shooting for resin is passed down in folklore but lacks factual basis. The proverb says: "Coptidis Rhizoma (Huang Qin) has no fakes, but Asafoetida has no truth," because it is often adulterated. Liu Chun wrote in a poem:
"Asafoetida may lack authenticity yet possesses true value;
Foul yet stopping foul odors, it is truly precious."
Place half a zhu of Asafoetida in a clean copper vessel overnight. By morning, the area touching the Asafoetida will turn white as silver, remaining red-free permanently. On the first night, by morning it appears blood-red. On the third night, place one zhu on a pomelo tree; after drying upright, [impurities are removed], then sifted for medicinal use.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Pungent, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Kills various small parasites, removes foul odors, breaks up masses and accumulations, directs evil qi downward, and dispels evil spirits and gu poison (*Tang Bencao*). Treats wind-pathogen ghostly afflictions, coldness in the heart and abdomen (Li Xun). Transmitted corpse-cold qi, repels [evil qi] (Chen Cangqi). Resolves toxins from naturally dead cattle, sheep, and horses.
[Elucidation] Zhao Bing said: Asafoetida is extremely effective in expelling intestinal parasites.
Li Shizhen said: Asafoetida resolves flesh accumulations and kills small parasites, thus it can detoxify and repel evil, treating malaria, dysentery, childhood malnutrition (Gan syndrome), consumptive fever, corpse-infection (Shi Zhu), and cold pain syndromes.
According to Wang Qiu's *Bai Yi Xuan Fang*: Tan Kui from Kuizhou suffered from malaria for half a year. His friend Dou Cangsou prescribed: Use genuine Asafoetida and high-quality Cinnabar (Dan Sha), each one liang, ground together uniformly, mixed with rice paste, and formed into pills the size of soap beans. Take one pill dissolved in Ginseng Decoction on an empty stomach; recovery is immediate. People commonly treat malaria using only Chang Shan (Radix Dichroae) and Realgar (Pi Shuang), which are toxic, or send down with Coptidis Rhizoma (Huang Lian) and Aucklandiae Radix (Mu Xiang) decoction. Malaria and dysentery often arise from stagnation/accumulation.
[Attached Prescriptions] Ten new prescriptions.
Repelling Evil Spirits and Dispelling Pathogens: Grind Asafoetida to powder (amount the size of a jujube pit). Decoct in cow's milk or meat broth for five to six boils and take. In the evening, take Anxi Xiang (Benzoin Resin) the size of a jujube pit with milk. For chronic cases, ten days suffice. Avoid all vegetables. Minister Sun used this with efficacy. (Cui Xinggong, Tang Dynasty, *Zu Yao*)
Severe Abdominal Pain from Evil Affliction: Take Asafoetida powder, administer with hot wine, one to two qian; pain stops immediately. (*Yong Lei Qian Fang*)
Corpse-Infection and Evil Qi Invasion: Proximity to corpses allows evil qi to enter the abdomen, causing lifelong incurable conditions.
Use three liang of Asafoetida. Each time, use two qian, mix with flour, wrap to make more than ten wontons. Boil and eat, three times daily. After three to seven days, it is permanently eradicated.
[Avoid certain foods].
Hernia Pain: Caused by stale essence and evil blood knotting in the scrotum. Use two liang of Asafoetida (wrapped in a cake of vinegar-mixed buckwheat flour and roasted), two large Arecae Semen (Bin Lang) drilled and filled with melted Frankincense (Ru Xiang), also wrapped in buckwheat flour and roasted. Add one qian of Nao Sha (Sal Ammoniac) powder and one liang of Red Peony Root (Chi Shao Yao) powder. Mix with paste to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take thirty pills with wine before meals. (Wei Shi, *De Xiao Fang*)
Infant Intestinal Colic with Unceasing Abdominal Pain: Grind Asafoetida into powder. Roast half a clove of garlic until soft, mash, and mix to form pills the size of hemp seeds. Take five pills with Mugwort Decoction. (*Zong Wei Lun*)
Spleen Accumulation and Masses: Five chicken eggs, five fen of Asafoetida, one liang of Yellow Beeswax. Simmer together until melted. Divide into ten doses. Chew thoroughly on an empty stomach and swallow with warm water. No dietary restrictions apply; abdominal pain is not a concern. After ten days, bloody stool indicates the resolution of accumulation. (*Bao Shou Tang Jing Yan Fang*)
Stagnant Masses with Accumulation: Five qian of Asafoetida, five qian of Trogopterori Faeces (Wu Ling Zhi) (stir-fried until smoke ceases). Grind into powder. Mix with bile from a yellow male dog to form pills the size of millet grains. Take thirty pills on an empty stomach with saliva. Avoid mutton, vinegar, and wheat products. (*Fu Shou Jing Fang*)
[Prescription for] Erythrina Seed (Yan Zhi) [and another ingredient], each the size of a soybean, ground uniformly. Mix with garlic paste. Apply to the Hegu region (back of hand between thumb and index finger); left side for males, right side for females. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Chou Huang [and another ingredient] in equal parts, ground into powder. Form pills the size of mung beans with paste. Wrap one pill in cotton each time. Insert into the ear according to the affected side. Immediate effect. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)