（《纲目》一种，《拾遗》一种，《别录》五种） 腊虫
时珍曰∶按∶裴渊《广州记》云∶林任县有甲虫，嗜臭肉。人死，食之都尽，纷纷满屋，
不
死
不知。
拭物，令人喜好相爱。置家中，损小儿、鸡、犬也。
黄虫
《别录》有名未用曰∶味苦。主寒热。生地上，赤头长足
地防
又曰∶令人不饥不渴。生黄陵。状如蠕，居土中。
梗鸡
又曰∶味甘，无毒。主治痹。
益符
又曰∶主闭。一名无舌。
蜚厉
又曰∶主妇人寒热。
李时珍曰∶鳞虫有水、陆二类，类虽不同，同为鳞也。是故龙蛇灵物，鱼乃水畜，种族
虽别，变化相通，是盖质异而感同也。鳞属皆卵生，而蝮蛇胎产。水族皆不瞑，而河豚目眨
（音 ），蓝蛇之尾，解其头毒。沙鱼之皮，
虫鱼不分。今析为鳞部，凡九十四种，分为四类∶曰龙，曰蛇，曰鱼，曰无鳞鱼。旧凡五十
八种。
二种
（唐苏恭）
宝本草》一十一种（宋马志） 《嘉
大明）
【附注】魏《吴普本草》 李当之《药录》
甄权《药性》 孙思邈《千金食治》 唐
性》 蜀韩保升
说》
《补遗》 明汪颖《食物》 汪机《会编》 陈嘉谟《蒙筌》
（龙类九种）
（《本经》上品）
【释名】
时珍曰∶按∶许慎《说文》∶龙字篆文象形。《生肖论》云∶龙耳亏聪，故谓之龙。《梵
书
【集解】
时珍曰∶按∶罗愿《尔雅翼》云∶龙者鳞虫之长。王符言其形有九似∶头似驼，角似鹿，
眼似兔，耳似牛，项似蛇，腹似蜃，鳞似鲤，爪似鹰，掌似虎，是也。其背有八十一鳞，具
九九阳数。其声如戛铜盘。口旁有须髯，颔下有明珠，喉下有逆鳞。头上有博山，又名尺木
，龙无尺木不能升天。呵气成云，既能变水，又能变火。陆佃《埤雅》云∶龙火得湿则焰
，得水则燔，以人火逐之即息。故人之相火似之。龙，卵生思抱，雄鸣上风，雌鸣下风，因
风而化。《释典》云∶龙交则变为二小蛇。又小说载龙性粗猛，而爱美玉、空青，喜嗜燕肉
，畏铁及 草、蜈蚣、楝叶、五色丝。故食燕者忌渡水，祈雨者用燕，镇水患者用铁
者用 草，祭屈原者用楝叶、色丝裹粽投江。医家用龙骨者，亦当知其性之爱
龙骨
《别录》曰∶生晋地川谷，及太山岩水岸土穴中死龙处。采无时。
弘景曰∶今多出梁、益、巴中。骨欲得脊脑，作白地锦纹，舐之着舌者良。齿小强，犹
有齿形。角强而实。皆是龙蜕，非实死也。
曰∶剡州、沧州、太原者为上。其骨细纹广者是雌，骨粗纹狭者是雄。五色具者上
；白色、黄色者中，黑色者下。凡经落不净，及妇人采者，不用。
今并出晋地。生硬者不好，五色具者良。其青、黄、赤、白、黑，亦应随色与脏
五芝、五石英、五石脂，而《本经》不论及。
春水时至，鱼登龙门，蜕骨甚多。人采
骨即此鱼之骨乎？又孙光宪《北梦琐言》云∶五
前一物如蓝色，纹如乱锦，人莫之识。则龙亦有死者矣。
宗 曰∶诸说不一，终是臆度。曾有崖中崩出一副，肢体头角皆备，不知蜕耶？毙耶？
谓
文言
死龙之骨，若以为蜕，终是臆说。
寇诸说皆两疑之。窃谓龙，神
豢龙氏醢龙以食；《述异记》云∶汉
张华得龙肉
【修治】
曰∶凡用龙骨，先煎香草汤浴两度，捣粉，绢袋盛之。用燕子一只，去肠肚，安袋于
内，悬井面上，一宿取出，研粉。入补肾药中，其效如神。
时珍曰∶近世方法，但 赤为粉。亦有生用者。《事林广记》云∶用酒浸一宿，焙干研
粉，水飞三度用。如急用，以酒煮焙干。或云∶凡入药，须水飞过晒干。每斤用黑豆一斗，
蒸一伏时，晒干用。否则着人肠胃，晚年作热也。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
《别录》曰∶微寒。
权曰∶有小毒。忌鱼及铁器。
之才曰∶得人参、牛黄良，畏石膏。
时珍曰∶许洪云∶牛黄恶龙骨，而龙骨得牛黄更良，有以制伏也。其气收阳中之阴，入
手、足少阴、厥阴经。
【主治】心腹鬼疰，精物老魅，咳逆，泄痢脓血，女子漏下，症瘕坚结，小儿热气惊痫
（《本经》）。心
惊，汗出止汗，缩小便溺血，养精神，定魂魄，安五脏。白龙骨∶主多寐泄精，小便泄精（《别
录》）。逐邪气，安心
权）。
惊，止阴疟，收湿气脱肛，生肌敛疮（时珍）。
【发明】
曰∶气入丈夫肾脏中，故益肾药宜用之。
时珍曰∶涩可去脱。故成氏云∶龙骨能收敛浮越之正气，固大肠而镇惊。又主带脉为病
【附方】旧十一，新七。
食后酒服方寸匕，日三。（《千金》）
劳心梦泄∶龙骨、远志等分，为末，炼蜜丸如梧子大，朱砂为衣。每服三十丸，莲子汤
下。（《心统》）
骨四分，韭子五合。为散。空心酒服方寸匕。（《梅师方》）
为末。每盐汤服二钱。（《梅师方》）
沸，及热服尽。温覆取汗，即效。（《肘后》）泄泻不止∶白龙骨、白石脂等分，为末，水丸
梧子大。紫苏、木瓜汤下，量大人、小儿用。（《心鉴》）
大烦渴作热，三焦有疮 ，下痢，或张口吐舌，目烂，口鼻生疮，不识人，用
龙骨半斤，水一斗，煮四升，沉之井底。冷服五合，渐渐进之。（《外台方》）
者∶龙骨半斤研，水一斗，煮取五升，候极冷，稍饮，得汗即
息不止者∶龙骨四两打碎，水五升，煮取二升半。分五服，冷冻饮料。仍以米饮和丸，每服十丸。
（《肘后方》）
师方》）
即断。（《三因方》）
匕，日三。（《千金方》）
粉，扑之。（《医宗三法》）
龙齿
【修治】同龙骨。或云以酥炙。
【气味】涩，凉，无毒。
当之曰∶大寒。
之才曰∶平。得人参、牛黄良。畏石膏、铁器。
【主治】杀精物。大人惊痫诸痉，癫疾狂走，心下结气，不能喘息。小儿五惊、十二痫
（《本经》）。
治烦闷、热狂、鬼魅（《日华》）。
【发明】
时珍曰∶龙者东方之神，故其骨与角、齿皆主肝病。许叔微云∶肝藏魂，能变化，故魂
游
龙角
【修治】同骨。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
之才曰∶畏干漆、蜀椒、理石。
【主治】惊痫螈 ，身热如火，腹中坚及热泄。久服轻身，通神明，延年（《别录》）。
小儿大热（甄
【发明】
颂曰∶骨、齿医家常用，角则稀使，惟《深师》五邪丸用之，云无角用齿，而《千金》
治心病有角、齿同用者。
龙脑
【主治】其形肥软，能断痢（陶弘景
龙胎
【主治】产后余疾，女人经闭。
弘景曰∶比来巴中数得龙胞，形体具存。云治产后余疾，正当末服。
颂曰∶许孝宗《箧中方》言∶龙胎出蜀中山涧，大类干鱼鳞，煎时甚腥臊。治女经积
年不通。同瓦松、景天各少许，以水两盏，煎一盏，去滓。分温二服。少顷，腹中转动便下。
按∶此物
时珍曰∶胞胎俱出巴蜀，皆主血疾，盖一物也。
龙涎
机曰∶龙吐涎沫，可制香。
时珍曰∶龙涎，方药鲜用，惟入诸香，云能收脑、麝数十年不散。又言焚之则翠烟浮空
。出西南海洋中。云是春间群龙所吐涎沫浮出。番人采得货之，每两千钱。亦有大鱼腹中剖
得者。其状初若脂胶，黄白色；干则成块，黄黑色，如百药煎而腻理；久则紫黑，如五灵脂
而光泽。其体轻飘，似浮石而腥臊。
（《本草纲目》收录一种，《本草拾遗》收录一种，《名医别录》收录五种）
腊虫
李时珍说：据裴渊《广州记》记载：林任县有一种甲虫，喜好食用腐臭的肉。人死后，它们将尸体吃得干干净净，密密麻麻布满屋内，导致死者不被发现。
这种虫子擦拭物品，能让人产生喜爱和相爱之情。但放置在家中，会损害小儿、鸡、狗的健康。
黄虫
《名医别录》中记载有名无用的药材说：味道苦。主治寒热病。生长在土地上，头部红色，脚长。
地防
又说：能让人不饥不渴。生长在黄陵。形状像蠕虫，居住在土壤中。
梗鸡
又说：味道甘，无毒。主治痹证。
益符
又说：主治闭证。又名无舌。
蜚厉
又说：主治妇人寒热病。
李时珍说：鳞虫分为水、陆两类，种类虽然不同，但同属鳞虫。因此龙蛇是灵物，鱼是水畜，种族虽然有别，但变化相通，这大概是本质不同而感应相同。鳞类大多卵生，而蝮蛇胎生。水族大多不眨眼，而河豚眼睛会眨（音同“眨”），蓝蛇的尾巴可以解除头部的毒性。鲨鱼的皮，虫与鱼不分。现在将其析分为鳞部，共九十四种，分为四类：曰龙，曰蛇，曰鱼，曰无鳞鱼。旧版共有五十八种。
（唐苏恭增补十一种，宋马志《嘉祐本草》增补十一种，明汪机《会编》等亦有补充。【附注】魏吴普《吴普本草》、李当之《药录》、甄权《药性论》、孙思邈《千金食治》、唐慎微《证类本草》、蜀韩保升《蜀本草》、陈承《本草别说》、明汪颖《食物本草》、汪机《本草会编》、陈嘉谟《本草蒙筌》）
（龙类九种）
（《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】
李时珍说：据许慎《说文解字》：龙字的篆文是象形字。《生肖论》说：龙耳朵亏损听力，所以称为龙。（此处原文有缺漏，推测为梵书相关记载）
【集解】
李时珍说：据罗愿《尔雅翼》记载：龙是鳞虫之首。王符说它的形态有九种相似之处：头似骆驼，角似鹿，眼似兔，耳似牛，颈似蛇，腹似蜃（大蛤），鳞似鲤，爪似鹰，掌似虎，就是这样。它背上有八十一片鳞片，具备九九阳数。它的声音像敲击铜盘。口旁有胡须，下巴下有明珠，喉下有逆鳞。头上有博山，又名尺木，龙没有尺木不能升天。它呼气成云，既能变水，又能变火。陆佃《埤雅》说：龙火遇湿则燃烧，遇水则更烈，用人的火驱赶它就会熄灭。所以人的相火类似于此。龙是卵生的，雌雄交配时，雄龙在上风鸣叫，雌龙在下风鸣叫，乘风气而变化。《佛经》说：龙交配后会变成两条小蛇。又小说记载龙性情粗猛，而喜爱美玉、空青石，喜欢嗜吃燕肉，畏惧铁及某草、蜈蚣、楝树叶、五色丝。所以吃燕子的人忌讳渡水，祈雨的人使用燕子，镇压水患的人使用铁器，祭祀屈原的人使用楝叶、用五色丝包裹粽子投入江中。医家使用龙骨时，也应当知道它的这些习性。
龙骨
《名医别录》说：产于晋地川谷，以及泰山岩石水岸土穴中死龙处。采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：现在多出产于梁州、益州、巴中地区。龙骨要得到脊脑部分，呈现白底锦纹，舔之粘舌的为良。牙齿细小坚硬，还有齿形。角强硬而坚实。这些都是龙蜕下的皮骨，并非真正死亡。
（某医家）说：剡州、沧州、太原产的为上品。骨细纹宽的是雌性，骨粗纹窄的是雄性。五色俱全的上品；白色、黄色的中品，黑色的下品。凡是经过雨水冲刷不干净，以及由妇女采集的，不用。
现在都出产于晋地。质地坚硬的不好，五色俱全的为良。其青、黄、赤、白、黑五色，也应随颜色对应五脏（如青入肝、赤入心等），但《神农本草经》未提及。
春水涨时，鱼跃龙门，蜕下的骨头很多。人们采集的骨头就是这种鱼的骨头吗？又孙光宪《北梦琐言》说：其中一种前部像蓝色，纹路像乱锦，没人认识。那么龙也有死亡的了。
寇宗奭说：各种说法不一，终究是臆测。曾经有悬崖崩塌出一副完整的骨架，肢体头角都具备，不知是蜕下的还是毙死的？
（某医家）认为：死龙的骨头，如果认为是蜕下的，终究是臆说。
寇宗奭对诸说都持怀疑态度。我认为龙是神物，豢龙氏曾将龙做成肉酱给人吃；《述异记》说：汉代张华得到龙肉……
【修治】
（某医家）说：凡是用龙骨，先用香草汤煎煮沐浴两次，捣成粉，用绢袋盛装。取一只燕子，去掉肠肚，将袋子放入燕腹内，悬挂在井口上方，过一夜取出，研成粉。加入补肾药中，效果如神。
李时珍说：近世的方法，只是煅烧成粉。也有生用的。《事林广记》说：用酒浸泡一夜，焙干研粉，水飞三次使用。如果急需使用，用酒煮后焙干。有人说：凡入药，必须水飞晒干。每斤用黑豆一斗，蒸一个伏时（约十二小时或特定时间段），晒干使用。否则会让人肠胃不适，晚年发热。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
《名医别录》说：微寒。
甄权说：有小毒。忌食鱼及铁器。
徐之才说：得人参、牛黄好，畏石膏。
李时珍说：许洪说：牛黄厌恶龙骨，而龙骨得牛黄更好，因为有制约作用。龙骨的气收敛阳中之阴，入手少阴、足少阴、厥阴经。
【主治】心腹鬼疰（指邪气侵入人体引起的疾病），精物老魅（指妖魔鬼怪），咳逆，泄痢脓血，女子漏下（非经期阴道出血），症瘕坚结（腹部肿块坚硬），小儿热气惊痫（《神农本草经》）。
白龙骨：主多寐（嗜睡）、泄精，小便失禁（《名医别录》）。逐邪气，安心神，止汗，缩小便，止溺血，养精神，定魂魄，安五脏。
（某医家）说：止惊悸，止阴疟，收湿气脱肛，生肌敛疮（李时珍）。
【发明】
（某医家）说：气入丈夫肾脏中，所以益肾药宜用之。
李时珍说：涩可去脱。所以成无己说：龙骨能收敛浮越的正气，固大肠而镇惊。又主治带脉为病……
【附方】旧方十一首，新方七首。
（治疗）劳心梦泄：龙骨、远志等分，为末，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大，朱砂为衣。每服三十丸，莲子汤送下。（《心统》）
（治疗）……：龙骨四分，韭子五合。为散。空心酒服方寸匕。（《梅师方》）
（治疗）……：为末。每盐汤服二钱。（《梅师方》）
（治疗）……：沸，及热服尽。温覆取汗，即效。（《肘后方》）
泄泻不止：白龙骨、白石脂等分，为末，水丸梧子大。紫苏、木瓜汤送下，量大人、小儿用量。（《心鉴》）
大烦渴作热，三焦有疮疡，下痢，或张口吐舌，目烂，口鼻生疮，不识人，用龙骨半斤，水一斗，煮四升，沉之井底。冷服五合，渐渐进之。（《外台秘要》）
喘息不止者：龙骨四两打碎，水五升，煮取二升半。分五服，冷冻饮料。仍以米饮和丸，每服十丸。（《肘后方》）
（治疗）……：即断。（《三因方》）
（治疗）……：匕，日三。（《千金方》）
（治疗）……：粉，扑之。（《医宗三法》）
龙齿
【修治】同龙骨。有人说用酥炙。
【气味】涩，凉，无毒。
李当之说：大寒。
徐之才说：平。得人参、牛黄好。畏石膏、铁器。
【主治】杀精物。大人惊痫诸痉，癫疾狂走，心下结气，不能喘息。小儿五惊、十二痫（《神农本草经》）。
治烦闷、热狂、鬼魅（《日华子本草》）。
【发明】
李时珍说：龙是东方之神，所以其骨与角、齿皆主肝病。许叔微说：肝藏魂，能变化，故魂游……
龙角
【修治】同骨。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
徐之才说：畏干漆、蜀椒、理石。
【主治】惊痫抽搐，身热如火，腹中坚及热泄。久服轻身，通神明，延年（《名医别录》）。
小儿大热（甄权）。
【发明】
苏颂说：骨、齿医家常用，角则稀使，惟《深师方》五邪丸用之，说无角用齿，而《千金方》治心病有角、齿同用者。
龙胎
【主治】产后余疾，女人经闭。
陶弘景说：近来巴中多次得到龙胞，形体具存。说治产后余疾，正当磨末服用。
苏颂说：许孝宗《箧中方》说：龙胎出蜀中山涧，大类干鱼鳞，煎时甚腥臊。治女经积年不通。同瓦松、景天各少许，以水两盏，煎一盏，去滓。分温二服。少顷，腹中转动便下。
按：此物……
李时珍说：胞胎俱出巴蜀，皆主血疾，盖一物也。
龙涎
汪机说：龙吐涎沫，可制香。
李时珍说：龙涎，方药鲜用，惟入诸香，云能收脑、麝数十年不散。又言焚之则翠烟浮空。出西南海洋中。说是春天群龙所吐涎沫浮出。番人采得货之，每两千钱。亦有大鱼腹中剖得者。其状初若脂胶，黄白色；干则成块，黄黑色，如百药煎而腻理；久则紫黑，如五灵脂而光泽。其体轻飘，似浮石而腥臊。
(La Chong)
Li Shizhen stated: According to Pei Yuan's "Guangzhou Ji", in Linren County, there is a type of beetle that favors eating putrid meat. When a person dies, they consume the corpse entirely, filling the room densely, leading to the deceased remaining undiscovered.
These insects, when used to wipe objects, can induce feelings of affection and love among people. However, keeping them at home harms children, chickens, and dogs.
(Huang Chong)
"Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi" records it as having a name but no usage: Bitter in taste. It treats chills and fever. It grows on the ground, with a red head and long legs.
(Di Fang)
It is also said to make one free from hunger and thirst. It grows in Huangling. Its shape resembles a worm, dwelling in the soil.
(Geng Ji)
It is also said to be sweet in taste and non-toxic. It treats Bi syndrome (obstruction syndrome).
(Yi Fu)
It is also said to treat obstruction syndromes. Another name is Wu She (Tongueless).
(Fei Li)
It is also said to treat women's chills and fever.
Li Shizhen stated: Scaled creatures are divided into aquatic and terrestrial categories. Although their types differ, they all belong to scaled creatures. Thus, dragons and snakes are spiritual beings, while fish are aquatic animals. Although their lineages differ, their transformations are interconnected; this is likely due to different natures but identical resonances. Most scaled creatures are oviparous, whereas pit vipers are viviparous. Aquatic creatures generally do not blink, whereas pufferfish eyes blink (pronounced 'zha'), and the tail of the blue snake can detoxify its head. Shark skin blurs the distinction between insects and fish. Now, these are separated into the Scaled Category, comprising 94 species, divided into four classes: Dragon, Snake, Fish, and Scaleless Fish. The old edition contained 58 species.
(Tang Su Gong added 11 species, Song Ma Zhi's "Jia You Ben Cao" added 11 species, Ming Wang Ji's "Hui Bian" etc. also supplemented. [Annotations]: Wei Wu Pu's "Wu Pu Ben Cao", Li Dang Zhi's "Yao Lu", Zhen Quan's "Yao Xing Lun", Sun Simiao's "Qian Jin Shi Zhi", Tang Shen Wei's "Zheng Lei Ben Cao", Shu Han Bao Sheng's "Shu Ben Cao", Chen Cheng's "Ben Cao Bie Shuo", Ming Wang Ying's "Shi Wu Ben Cao", Wang Ji's "Ben Cao Hui Bian", Chen Jia Mo's "Ben Cao Meng Qian")
(Nine Species of Dragon Class)
(Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing - Upper Grade)
[Names]
Li Shizhen stated: According to Xu Shen's "Shuo Wen Jie Zi": The seal script character for dragon is pictographic. "Sheng Xiao Lun" states: The dragon's ears are defective in hearing, hence called Long (Dragon). (Text missing here, presumably related to Buddhist texts)
[Collected Explanations]
Li Shizhen stated: According to Luo Yuan's "Er Ya Yi": The dragon is the leader of scaled creatures. Wang Fu described its form as having nine similarities: head like a camel, horns like a deer, eyes like a rabbit, ears like an ox, neck like a snake, belly like a clam, scales like a carp, claws like an eagle, palms like a tiger. This is correct. It has 81 scales on its back, embodying the number of Yang (9x9). Its sound is like striking a bronze plate. It has whiskers by its mouth, a pearl under its chin, and inverted scales under its throat. On its head is Boshan, also known as Chi Mu (Ruler Wood); without Chi Mu, the dragon cannot ascend to heaven. Its breath forms clouds; it can transform into water and fire. Lu Tian's "Pi Ya" states: Dragon fire burns when wet and flares up in water, but extinguishes when driven away by human fire. Thus, the Minister Fire in humans is similar. Dragons are oviparous; during mating, the male roars in the upper wind, and the female in the lower wind, transforming through the wind. Buddhist scriptures state: After dragons mate, they transform into two small snakes. Novels record that dragons have a fierce nature but love beautiful jade and Azurite, enjoy eating swallow meat, and fear iron, certain grasses, centipedes, Chinaberry leaves, and five-colored silk. Therefore, those who eat swallows avoid crossing water; those praying for rain use swallows; those suppressing water disasters use iron; those sacrificing to Qu Yuan use Chinaberry leaves and five-colored silk wrapped rice dumplings thrown into the river. Physicians using Dragon Bone should also know these characteristics.
(Long Gu / Dragon Bone)
"Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi" states: Produced in the valleys of Jin region, and in dead dragon burrows in rock shores and soil caves of Mount Tai. Collection time is unspecified.
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently, it is mostly produced in Liang, Yi, and Ba regions. The bone should possess the spine and brain, showing white brocade-like patterns; those that stick to the tongue are good. Teeth are small and strong, retaining tooth shape. Horns are strong and solid. These are all shed skins/bones of dragons, not from actual death.
(Some physician) stated: Those from Yanzhou, Cangzhou, and Taiyuan are superior. Bones with fine texture and wide patterns are female; those with coarse texture and narrow patterns are male. Those with complete five colors are superior; white and yellow are medium grade; black is inferior. Those not washed clean by rainwater or collected by women are not used.
Currently, all are produced in Jin region. Hard ones are poor; those with complete five colors are good. The five colors (green, yellow, red, white, black) should correspond to the five Zang organs, but "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" does not mention this.
During spring floods, fish leap over the Dragon Gate, shedding many bones. Are the bones collected by humans the bones of these fish? Also, Sun Guangxian's "Bei Meng Suo Yan" says: One type looks blue in front, with patterns like chaotic brocade, unknown to people. Thus, dragons can also die.
Kou Zongshi stated: Various theories differ; ultimately, they are conjectures. Once, a cliff collapsed revealing a complete skeleton, with limbs, head, and horns intact. Whether it was shed or dead is unknown.
(Some physician) argued: If the bone of a dead dragon is considered shed, it remains a conjecture.
Kou Zongshi doubted all theories. I believe the dragon is a divine creature; the Keeper of Dragons once made dragon meat paste for food; "Shu Yi Ji" states: Zhang Hua of Han obtained dragon meat...
[Processing]
(Some physician) stated: Whenever using Dragon Bone, first boil in herbal soup and wash twice, then grind into powder, store in a silk bag. Take one swallow, remove intestines, place the bag inside, hang above a well overnight, then take out and grind into powder. Add to kidney-tonifying medicines; the effect is miraculous.
Li Shizhen stated: Modern methods simply calcine it into powder. Some use it raw. "Shi Lin Guang Ji" states: Soak in wine overnight, dry by baking, grind, and process by water levigation three times. For urgent use, boil in wine and dry. Some say: For medicinal use, it must be water-levigated and dried. Use one dou (approx. 10 liters) of black beans per jin (approx. 500g) of bone, steam for a Fu period (approx. 12 hours), then dry. Otherwise, it may cause gastrointestinal issues and heat in later years.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
"Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi" states: Slightly cold.
Zhen Quan stated: Slightly toxic. Avoid fish and ironware.
Xu Zhicai stated: Works well with Ginseng and Calculus Bovis; fears Gypsum Fibrosum.
Li Shizhen stated: Xu Hong said: Calculus Bovis dislikes Dragon Bone, but Dragon Bone works better with Calculus Bovis due to mutual restraint. Its qi gathers Yin within Yang, entering the Hand Shaoyin, Foot Shaoyin, and Jueyin meridians.
[Indications] Heart and abdominal Gui Zhu (diseases caused by evil qi), Jing Wu (spiritual entities), cough and reverse flow of Qi, dysentery with pus and blood, uterine bleeding in women, hard masses in the abdomen (Zheng Jia), pediatric convulsions due to heat (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing).
White Dragon Bone: Treats hypersomnia, seminal emission, urinary incontinence (Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi). Expels evil Qi, calms the mind, stops sweating, reduces urination, stops hematuria, nourishes spirit, stabilizes Hun and Po, and calms the Five Zang organs.
(Some physician) stated: Stops palpitations, stops Yin malaria, retracts dampness-induced rectal prolapse, generates flesh, and heals sores (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation]
(Some physician) stated: Its Qi enters the husband's Kidney, so it is suitable for kidney-tonifying medicines.
Li Shizhen stated: Astringency removes leakage. Thus, Cheng Wuji said: Dragon Bone can gather floating righteous Qi, secure the Large Intestine, and calm fright. It also treats Dai Mai disorders...
[Prescriptions] Old: 11, New: 7.
(Treats) Mental exhaustion and nocturnal emission: Dragon Bone and Polygalae Radix in equal parts, powdered, honey-pilled like wu zi, coated with Cinnabar. Take 30 pills each time, washed down with Lotus Seed Decoction. ("Xin Tong")
(Treats)...: Dragon Bone 4 fen, Leek Seeds 5 he. Powdered. Take one cun bi with wine on an empty stomach. ("Mei Shi Fang")
(Treats)...: Powdered. Take 2 qian each time with salt water. ("Mei Shi Fang")
(Treats)...: Boil, drink hot until finished. Cover warmly to induce sweating; effective immediately. ("Zhou Hou Fang")
Persistent diarrhea: White Dragon Bone and Kaolin in equal parts, powdered, water-pilled like wu zi. Wash down with Perilla and Papaya Decoction, dosage adjusted for adults and children. ("Xin Jian")
Severe irritability, thirst, heat, sores in San Jiao, dysentery, or opening mouth and sticking out tongue, rotting eyes, sores in nose and mouth, inability to recognize people: Use half a jin of Dragon Bone, ten dou of water, boil to four sheng, sink in a well. Drink five he cold, gradually increasing dose. ("Wai Tai Mi Yao")
Unceasing panting: Crush four liang of Dragon Bone, five sheng of water, boil to two and a half sheng. Divide into five doses, drink cold. Also mix with rice drink to make pills, take ten pills each time. ("Zhou Hou Fang")
(Treats)...: Immediately stops. ("San Yin Fang")
(Treats)...: One cun bi, three times daily. ("Qian Jin Fang")
(Treats)...: Powder, apply externally. ("Yi Zong San Fa")
(Long Chi / Dragon Teeth)
[Processing] Same as Dragon Bone. Some say roast with butter.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Astringent, cool, non-toxic.
Li Dang Zhi stated: Very cold.
Xu Zhicai stated: Neutral. Works well with Ginseng and Calculus Bovis; fears Gypsum Fibrosum and ironware.
[Indications] Kills spiritual entities. Adult convulsions and spasms, epilepsy, manic walking, stagnation of Qi below the heart, inability to breathe. Pediatric five frights and twelve types of epilepsy (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing).
Treats irritability, mania, and spirits (Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao).
[Elucidation]
Li Shizhen stated: The Dragon is the deity of the East, so its bones, horns, and teeth all treat Liver diseases. Xu Shuwei said: The Liver stores the Hun, which can transform, thus the Hun wanders...
(Long Jiao / Dragon Horns)
[Processing] Same as bone.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Xu Zhicai stated: Fears Dried Lacquer, Sichuan Pepper, and Pyritum.
[Indications] Convulsions and spasms, body heat like fire, hardness in abdomen and hot diarrhea. Long-term use lightens the body, clarifies the mind, and prolongs life (Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi).
Pediatric high fever (Zhen Quan).
[Elucidation]
Su Song stated: Bones and teeth are commonly used by physicians, but horns are rarely used. Only "Shen Shi Fang" Wu Xie Wan uses them, stating if no horn, use teeth. However, "Qian Jin Fang" uses horns and teeth together for treating Heart diseases.
(Long Nao / Dragon Brain)
[Indications] Its form is fat and soft; it can stop dysentery (Tao Hongjing).
(Long Tai / Dragon Fetus)
[Indications] Postpartum residual diseases, amenorrhea in women.
Tao Hongjing stated: Recently, Dragon wombs were frequently found in Ba region, with intact forms. They are said to treat postpartum residual diseases, best taken as powder.
Su Song stated: Xu Xiaozong's "Qie Zhong Fang" says: Dragon fetus comes from streams in Shu mountains, resembling dried fish scales, very fishy and smelly when decocted. It treats chronic amenorrhea. Mix with small amounts of Lycopodium and Sedum, decoct two cups of water to one cup, strain. Divide into two warm doses. Soon, movement in the abdomen occurs followed by discharge.
Note: This substance...
Li Shizhen stated: Both womb and fetus come from Ba and Shu, both treat blood diseases, likely the same substance.
(Long Xian / Dragon Ambergris)
Wang Ji stated: Dragon spits saliva and foam, which can be used to make incense.
Li Shizhen stated: Dragon Ambergris is rarely used in prescriptions, only in various incenses, said to preserve Musk and Bezoar for decades without dissipating. It is also said that burning it produces green smoke floating in the air. It comes from the oceans in the southwest. It is said to be the saliva and foam spit by groups of dragons in spring, floating to the surface. Foreigners collect and sell it, priced at two thousand coins per unit. It can also be obtained by dissecting large fish. Initially, it resembles gum resin, yellowish-white; when dry, it forms blocks, yellow-black, like Baidaojian (a type of fermented tea brick) with a greasy texture; over time, it becomes purple-black, shiny like Wulingzhi (Trogopterus Dung). Its body is light and floating, resembling Pumice but fishy and smelly.