鼻准赤色∶雄黄、硫黄五钱，水粉二钱，用头生乳汁调敷，不过三、五次愈。（《摄生
妙用方》）
熏黄
【主治】恶疮疥癣，杀虫虱，和诸药熏嗽（藏器）。
【附方】新五。小便不通∶熏黄末豆许，纳孔中，良。（崔氏方）
卅年呷嗽∶熏黄、木香、莨菪子等分。为末。羊脂涂青纸上，以末铺之，竹筒烧烟，吸
之。（崔氏方）
咳嗽熏法∶熏黄一两。以蜡纸调卷作筒十枚，烧烟吸咽，取吐止。一日一熏，惟食白粥，
七日后以羊肉羹补之。（《千金方》）
水肿上气，咳嗽腹胀∶熏黄一两，款冬花二分，熟艾一分。以蜡纸铺艾，洒二末于上
，苇管卷成筒，烧烟吸咽三十口则瘥。三日尽一剂，百日断盐、醋。（《外台秘要》）
手足甲疽∶熏黄、蛇皮等分为末。以泔洗净，割去甲，入肉处敷之，一顷痛定，神
效。（《近效方》）
（《本经》中品）
【释名】坐（七火切）。
时珍曰∶生山之阴，故曰雌黄。《土宿本草》云∶阳石气未足者，为雌；已足者，为雄，
相距五百年而结为石。造化有夫妇之道，故曰雌、雄。
【集解】《别录》曰∶雌黄，生武都山谷，与雄黄同山生。其阴山有金，金精熏则生雌
黄。采无时。
弘景曰∶今雌黄出武都仇池者，谓之武都仇池黄，色小赤。出扶南林邑者，谓之昆仑黄，
色如金，而似云母甲错，画家所重。既有雌雄之名，又同山之阴阳，合药盒饭以武都为胜。
《仙经》无单服法，惟以合丹砂、雄黄飞炼为丹尔。金精是雌黄，铜精是空青，而服空青反
胜于雌黄，其义难了。
曰∶雌黄一块重四两，拆开得千重，软如烂金者，佳；其夹石及黑如铁色者，不可用。
时珍曰∶按独孤滔《丹房镜源》云∶背阴者，雌黄也。淄成者，即黑色轻干，如焦锡块。
臭黄作者，硬而无衣。试法∶但于甲上磨之，上色者好。又烧熨斗底，以雌划之，如赤黄线
一道者好。舶上来如 血者上，湘南者次之，青者尤佳。叶子者为上，造化黄金非此不成。
亦能柔五金，干汞，转硫黄，伏粉霜。又云∶雄黄变铁，雌黄变锡。
【修治】 曰∶凡修事，勿令妇人、鸡、犬、新犯淫人、有患人、不男人、非形人，及
曾是刑狱臭秽之地；犯之则雌黄黑如铁色，不堪用也，反损人寿。每四两，用天碧枝、和阳
草、粟遂子草各五两，入瓷锅中煮三伏时，其色如金汁，一垛在锅底下。用东流水猛投于中，
如此淘三度，去水拭干，臼中捣筛，研如尘用。又曰∶雌得芹花，立便成庾。芹花，一名立
起草，形如芍药，煮雌能住火也。
【气味】辛，平，有毒。
《别录》曰∶大寒。不入汤用。
土宿真君曰∶芎 、地黄、独帚、益母、羊不食草、地榆、五加皮、瓦松、冬瓜汁，皆
可制伏。又雌见铅及胡粉则黑。
【主治】恶疮头秃痂疥，杀毒虫虱身痒邪气诸毒。炼之久服，轻身增年不老（《本经》）。
蚀鼻内息肉，下部 疮，身面白驳，散皮肤死肌，及恍惚邪气，杀蜂蛇毒。久服令人脑满（《别
录》）。治冷痰劳嗽，血气虫积，心腹痛，癫痫，解毒（时珍）。
【发明】保升曰∶雌黄法土，故色黄而主脾。
时珍曰∶雌黄、雄黄同产，但以山阳、山阴受气不同分别。故服食家重雄黄，取其得纯
阳之精也；雌黄则兼有阴气故尔。若夫治病，则二黄之功亦仿佛，大要皆取其温中、搜肝杀
虫、解毒祛邪焉尔。
【附方】旧七，新五。
反胃吐食∶雌黄一分，甘草（生）半分。为末，饭丸梧子大。以五叶草、糯米煎汤，每
服
四丸。（《圣济录》）
停痰在胃，喘息不通，呼吸欲绝∶雌黄一两，雄黄一钱。为末，化蜡丸弹子大。每服一
丸，半夜时投热糯米粥中食之。（《济生方》）
心痛吐水，不下饮食，发止不定∶雌黄二两，醋二斤，慢火煎成膏，用干蒸饼和丸梧子
大。每服七丸，姜汤下。（《圣惠方》）
妇人久冷，血气攻心，痛不止∶以叶子雌黄二两。细研，醋一升，煎浓，和丸小豆大。
每服十五丸，醋汤下。（《圣惠方》）
小腹痛满，天行病，小腹满，不得小便。雌黄末，蜜丸，纳尿孔中，入半寸。（《肘后
方》）
癫痫螈 ，眼暗嚼舌∶雌黄、黄丹（炒）各一两。为末，入麝香少许，以牛乳汁半升熬
成膏，和杵千下，丸麻子大。每温水服三、五丸。（《直指方》）
肺劳咳嗽∶雌黄一两，入瓦合内，不固济，坐地上，以灰培之，浓二寸；以炭一斤簇定
顶，火 三分去一，退火出毒，为末，蟾酥和丸粟米大。每日空心杏仁汤下三丸。（《斗门
方》）
久嗽暴嗽∶金粟丸∶用叶子雌黄一两研。以纸筋泥固济小合子一个，令干，盛药。水调
赤石脂封口，更以泥封，待干，架在地上，炭火十斤簇 。候火消三分之一，去火，候冷取
出，当如镜面，光明红色；钵内细研，蒸饼丸粟米大。每服三丸、五丸，甘草水服。服后睡
良久。（《胜金方》）
肾消尿数∶干姜半两，以盐四钱（炒黄成颗），雌黄一两半。为末，蒸饼和丸绿豆大。
每服十丸至三十丸，空心盐汤下。（《圣济录》）
小便不禁∶颗块雌黄一两半（研），干姜半两，盐四钱（同炒姜色黄）。为末，水和蒸饼
丸绿豆大。每服十丸至二十丸，空心盐汤下之。（《经验方》）
乌癞虫疮∶雌黄粉，醋和鸡子黄调，涂之。（《圣惠方》）
牛皮顽癣∶雌黄末，入轻粉，和猪膏敷之。（《直指方》）
【雄黄】
鼻头发红：取雄黄、硫黄各五钱，水粉二钱，用初生婴儿的乳汁调和后外敷，不超过三到五次即可痊愈。（出自《摄生妙用方》）
【雌黄】
【主治功效】治疗恶疮、疥癣，杀灭寄生虫和虱子，配合其他药物进行熏蒸漱口（出自李藏器）。
【附方】新增五个。小便不通：取如豆粒大小的雌黄粉末，纳入尿道口，效果良好。（出自崔氏方）
患咳嗽三十年的患者：取雌黄、木香、莨菪子等量。研成粉末。将羊脂涂抹在青纸上，把药粉铺在上面，用竹筒燃烧烟雾，吸入烟雾中。（出自崔氏方）
咳嗽熏蒸法：取雌黄一两。用蜡纸调合卷成十个烟筒状，点燃吸烟，以吐出痰液为度。每天熏蒸一次，期间只吃白粥，七日后用羊肉羹进补。（出自《千金方》）
水肿伴气逆上冲，咳嗽腹胀：取雌黄一两，款冬花二分，熟艾叶一分。用蜡纸铺好艾叶，撒上两种药末，用芦苇管卷成筒状，燃烧烟雾吸入咽喉，吸三十口则病愈。三天服完一剂，一百天内禁食盐、醋。（出自《外台秘要》）
手足指甲周围发炎（甲疽）：取雌黄、蛇皮等量研末。用淘米水洗净，割去指甲，敷在长入肉里的患处，片刻后疼痛停止，神效。（出自《近效方》）
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】坐（读音同“七火切”）。
李时珍说：生长在山的北面（阴面），所以叫雌黄。《土宿本草》记载：阳气不足的矿石称为雌；阳气充足的称为雄，相距五百年结合形成石头。自然造化有夫妇之道，所以分为雌、雄。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：雌黄产于武都山谷，与雄黄同山而生。山的阴面有金矿，金精之气熏蒸则生成雌黄。采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：现在的雌黄出产于武都仇池地区的，称为武都仇池黄，颜色略带红色。出产于扶南林邑地区的，称为昆仑黄，颜色像金子，且像云母一样呈鳞片状交错，是画家所看重的。既然有了雌雄之名，又对应山的阴阳，制药应当以武都产的为佳。《仙经》中没有单独服用的方法，只是用来配合丹砂、雄黄飞炼成丹药罢了。金精就是雌黄，铜精就是空青，但服用空青反而比雌黄效果好，其中的道理难以理解。
某位医家说：一块重四两的雌黄，拆开可得千层，质地软如烂金的为佳；夹杂石块及黑如铁色的，不可使用。
李时珍说：查阅独孤滔的《丹房镜源》记载：背阴的是雌黄。淄成的是黑色轻干，像焦锡块。臭黄作者是硬而无衣壳的。测试方法：只要在指甲上磨，能上色的就是好药。又如在烧热的熨斗底上用雌黄划，出现一道赤黄色线条的为佳。从海外进口的如血珀色的为上品，湘南产的次之，青色尤佳。叶子状的为上品，造化黄金非此不成。雌黄也能使五金变柔，干燥汞，转化硫黄，伏制粉霜。又说：雄黄能变铁，雌黄能变锡。
【修治】某位医家说：凡是炮制，不要让妇女、鸡、狗、新犯淫罪的人、患病的人、阉人、形体不全的人，以及曾是刑狱污秽之地接触；触犯这些禁忌则雌黄会变黑如铁色，不堪使用，反而损害人的寿命。每四两雌黄，用天碧枝、和阳草、粟遂子草各五两，放入瓷锅中煮三个伏天那么长的时间，其颜色如金汁，沉淀在锅底。用东流水猛烈冲洗，如此淘洗三次，去掉水分擦干，在臼中捣碎筛细，研成粉尘状使用。又说：雌黄遇到芹花，立刻会变成庚金。芹花，一名立起草，形状像芍药，煮雌黄能止住火性。
【气味】辛，平，有毒。
《名医别录》说：大寒。不入汤剂使用。
土宿真君说：川芎、地黄、独帚、益母草、羊不食草、地榆、五加皮、冬瓜汁，都可以制约它。另外雌黄见到铅和白粉就会变黑。
【主治功效】治疗恶疮、头部秃疮、结痂疥癣，杀灭毒虫虱子引起的身体瘙痒邪气各种毒素。炼制后久服，能轻身延年不老（出自《神农本草经》）。
腐蚀鼻内息肉，下部溃疡，身上白色斑块，消散皮肤死肌，以及恍惚邪气，杀灭蜂蛇毒。久服使人头脑充实（出自《名医别录》）。治疗冷痰劳嗽，血气虫积，心腹痛，癫痫，解毒（李时珍）。
【发明】保升说：雌黄符合土的特性，所以色黄而主脾。
李时珍说：雌黄、雄黄同产，只是因受山阳、山阴之气不同而区分。所以服食家重视雄黄，取其得纯阳之精；雌黄则兼有阴气。至于治病，这两黄的功效也差不多，大体都是取其温中、搜肝杀虫、解毒祛邪的作用罢了。
【附方】旧方七个，新方五个。
反胃吐食：雌黄一分，甘草（生）半分。研成粉末，饭丸梧桐子大小。用五叶草、糯米煎汤，每次服四丸。（出自《圣济录》）
停痰在胃，喘息不通，呼吸欲绝：雌黄一两，雄黄一钱。研成粉末，化蜡做成弹子大的丸药。每次服一丸，半夜时投入热糯米粥中食用。（出自《济生方》）
心痛吐水，不下饮食，发作停止不定：雌黄二两，醋二斤，慢火煎成膏，用干蒸饼和丸梧桐子大小。每次服七丸，姜汤送下。（出自《圣惠方》）
妇人久冷，血气攻心，痛不止：取叶子雌黄二两。细研，醋一升，煎浓，和丸小豆大小。每次服十五丸，醋汤送下。（出自《圣惠方》）
小腹痛满，天行病，小腹满，不得小便。雌黄末，蜜丸，纳入尿孔中，深入半寸。（出自《肘后方》）
癫痫抽搐，眼暗嚼舌：雌黄、黄丹（炒）各一两。研成粉末，入麝香少许，用牛乳汁半升熬成膏，和杵一千下，丸麻子大小。每次温水服三、五丸。（出自《直指方》）
肺劳咳嗽：雌黄一两，放入瓦盒内，不封固，坐地上，用灰培厚二寸；用炭一斤簇定顶部，火烤三分去一，退火出毒，研成粉末，蟾酥和丸粟米大小。每日空腹杏仁汤下三丸。（出自《斗门方》）
久嗽暴嗽：金粟丸：用叶子雌黄一两研。用纸筋泥固济一个小盒子一个，令干，盛药。水调赤石脂封口，再以泥封，待干，架在地上，炭火十斤簇烧。候火消三分之一，去火，候冷取出，当如镜面，光明红色；钵内细研，蒸饼丸粟米大小。每次服三丸、五丸，甘草水服。服后睡良久。（出自《胜金方》）
肾消尿数：干姜半两，以盐四钱（炒黄成颗），雌黄一两半。研成粉末，蒸饼和丸绿豆大小。每次服十丸至三十丸，空腹盐汤送下。（出自《圣济录》）
小便不禁：颗块雌黄一两半（研），干姜半两，盐四钱（同炒姜色黄）。研成粉末，水和蒸饼丸绿豆大小。每次服十丸至二十丸，空腹盐汤送下。（出自《经验方》）
乌癞虫疮：雌黄粉，醋和鸡子黄调，涂之。（出自《圣惠方》）
牛皮顽癣：雌黄末，入轻粉，和猪膏敷之。（出自《直指方》）
[Realgar]
Redness of the nasal tip: Mix 5 qian of Xionghuang (Realgar) and Liuhuang (Sulfur), with 2 qian of Shufen (Lead carbonate powder). Apply externally mixed with the milk from a newborn infant. It will heal within three to five applications. (From *Shesheng Miaoyong Fang*)
[Cihuang]
【Indications】Treats malignant sores, scabies, and tinea; kills parasites and lice; used in fumigation and gargling combined with other herbs (Li Canger).
【Attached Formulas】Five new formulas. Urinary retention: Insert a bean-sized amount of Cihuang (Realgar) powder into the urethra; effective. (From *Cui Shi Fang*)
Chronic cough for thirty years: Equal parts of Cihuang (Realgar), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), and Langdangzi (Daturae Semen). Grind into powder. Spread sheep fat on green paper, sprinkle the powder on it, burn in a bamboo tube, and inhale the smoke. (From *Cui Shi Fang*)
Fumigation method for cough: Take 1 liang of Cihuang (Realgar). Roll into ten tubes using waxed paper. Burn and inhale the smoke until vomiting occurs. Fumigate once a day; consume only white rice porridge during this period. After seven days, supplement with mutton soup. (From *Qianjin Fang*)
Edema with qi rebellion, cough, and abdominal distension: Take 1 liang of Cihuang (Realgar), 2 fen of Kuidonghua (Farfarae Flos), and 1 fen of Shuai (Prepared Mugwort Leaf). Lay mugwort on waxed paper, sprinkle the two powders on top, roll into a tube using a reed pipe, burn, and inhale the smoke into the throat. Thirty puffs will cure the condition. Complete one dose in three days; abstain from salt and vinegar for one hundred days. (From *Waitai Miyao*)
Onychocryptosis (Ingrown toenail/fingernail inflammation): Equal parts of Cihuang (Realgar) and Shepi (Snake Skin). Grind into powder. Clean with rice water, cut off the nail, and apply to the area where the nail has grown into the flesh. Pain stops almost immediately; miraculous effect. (From *Jin Xiao Fang*)
(Included in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
【Names】Zuo (pronounced like 'qi huo qie').
Li Shizhen stated: It grows on the shady side of mountains, hence named Cihuang (Female Realgar). *Tusux Bencao* states: Minerals with insufficient yang energy are called Ci (Female); those with sufficient yang energy are called Xiong (Male). They combine after five hundred years apart to form stone. Nature follows the way of husband and wife, hence the names Female and Male.
【Collection & Explanation】*Bielu* states: Cihuang is produced in the valleys of Wudu, growing on the same mountains as Xionghuang. Where there is gold ore on the shady side of the mountain, the essence of gold fumes to produce Cihuang. There is no fixed time for harvesting.
Tao Hongjing stated: The best Cihuang comes from Qiuchi in Wudu, known as Wudu Qiuchi Huang, with a slightly reddish color. That from Linyi in Funan is known as Kunlun Huang, golden in color and resembling mica scales, highly valued by painters. Given the names Female and Male, and their correspondence to the yin and yang of the mountain, Wudu origin is superior for medicinal use. *Xianjing* does not record single-use methods, but rather combining it with Dansha (Cinnabar) and Xionghuang (Realgar) for calcination into elixirs. Gold essence is Cihuang, copper essence is Kongqing (Azurite), yet taking Kongqing is more effective than Cihuang, the reason for which is hard to understand.
Another physician stated: A piece of Cihuang weighing four qian, if it splits into a thousand layers and is soft like rotten gold, is excellent; those mixed with stones or black like iron are unusable.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Dugu Tao's *Danfang Jingyuan*: Those from the shady side are Cihuang. Zicheng type is black, light, dry, resembling burnt tin blocks. Chouhuang type is hard without an outer layer. Test method: Rub it on a fingernail; if it leaves a color, it is good. Alternatively, draw with it on the bottom of a hot iron; a red-yellow line indicates quality. Imported varieties resembling blood amber are superior; those from southern Hunan are secondary; green ones are particularly good. Leaf-shaped ones are top grade; they are essential for creating alchemical gold. Cihuang can also soften the five metals, dry mercury, transform sulfur, and stabilize lead carbonate. It is also said that Xionghuang transforms iron, and Cihuang transforms tin.
【Processing】A physician stated: During processing, avoid contact with women, chickens, dogs, individuals recently guilty of sexual misconduct, sick people, eunuchs, physically disabled persons, and places previously used for imprisonment or known for filth. Violating these taboos turns Cihuang black like iron, making it unusable and harmful to lifespan. For every 4 qian of Cihuang, boil with 5 qian each of Tianbi Branch, Heyang Grass, and Susui Grass in a porcelain pot for the duration of three "Fu" periods (hottest days of summer). The color becomes like liquid gold, settling at the bottom. Rinse vigorously with flowing water from the east. Repeat this washing three times, drain, dry, pound in a mortar, sieve, and grind into dust for use. Another note: Cihuang meets Qinhua (Celery Flower) and instantly transforms into Geng Metal. Qinhua, also called Liqi Cao, resembles Peony flowers; boiling Cihuang with it neutralizes its fire toxicity.
【Flavor & Toxicity】Acrid, Neutral, Toxic.
*Bielu* states: Greatly Cold. Not used in decoctions.
Tusux Zhenjun stated: Xiong (Ligusticum), Dihuang (Rehmannia), Du Zhou, Yimucao (Leonurus), Yangbushicao, Diyu (Sanguisorba), Wujiapi (Acanthopanacis Cortex), and Dongguazhi (Winter Melon Juice) can all subdue its toxicity. Also, Cihuang turns black when exposed to Lead and Hufen (White Lead Powder).
【Indications】Treats malignant sores, alopecia with crusts, scabies, kills toxic insects and lice causing body itching and evil qi/toxins. After refining and long-term use, it lightens the body and increases longevity without aging (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Erodes nasal polyps, treats lower body ulcers, vitiligo (white patches on skin), dissipates dead muscle tissue on the skin, treats delirious evil qi, kills bee and snake venom. Long-term use fills the brain (*Bielu*). Treats cold phlegm and consumptive cough, blood/qi accumulation with parasites, heart/abdominal pain, epilepsy, detoxifies (Li Shizhen).
【Elucidation】Baosheng stated: Cihuang corresponds to Earth, hence its yellow color and association with the Spleen.
Li Shizhen stated: Cihuang and Xionghuang originate from the same source, distinguished only by receiving qi from the sunny (Yang) or shady (Yin) sides of mountains. Therefore, elixir practitioners value Xionghuang for its pure Yang essence, while Cihuang contains Yin qi. However, for treating diseases, their efficacies are similar, primarily utilizing their abilities to warm the middle, search the Liver, kill parasites, detoxify, and dispel evil qi.
【Attached Formulas】Seven old formulas, five new formulas.
Regurgitation and vomiting: 1 fen of Cihuang, 0.5 fen of Gancao (Raw Licorice Root). Grind into powder, make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take four pills per dose with decoction of Wuye Cao and glutinous rice. (*Shengji Lu*)
Phlegm stagnation in the stomach, wheezing and inability to breathe, breathing nearly ceases: 1 liang of Cihuang, 1 qian of Xionghuang. Grind into powder, make pills the size of弹子 (bullet seeds) using melted wax. Take one pill at midnight, eating it immersed in hot glutinous rice porridge. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Heart pain with vomiting of water, inability to eat/drink, irregular attacks: 2 liang of Cihuang, 2 jin of Vinegar. Slowly boil into a paste, mix with steamed biscuit dough to make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take seven pills per dose with ginger water. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Chronic cold in women, blood/qi attacking the heart, unceasing pain: 2 liang of leaf-shaped Cihuang. Finely grind, add 1 sheng of Vinegar, boil to a thick consistency, make pills the size of soybeans. Take fifteen pills per dose with vinegar water. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Lower abdominal fullness/pain, epidemic disease, lower abdominal distension, inability to urinate: Cihuang powder, honey pills. Insert half a cun into the urethra. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Epilepsy with convulsions, blurred vision, tongue biting: 1 liang each of Cihuang and Huangdan (Stir-fried Minium). Grind into powder, add a small amount of Shexiang (Musk). Boil with 0.5 sheng of Cow's Milk into a paste, pound a thousand times, make pills the size of hemp seeds. Take 3-5 pills per dose with warm water. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Consumptive lung cough: 1 liang of Cihuang. Place in a clay box without sealing. Bury in ash two cun deep on the ground. Surround the top with 1 jin of charcoal. Fire-roast until one-third is consumed, then remove heat to eliminate toxicity. Grind into powder, mix with Chan Su (Toad Venom) to make pills the size of millet grains. Take three pills daily on an empty stomach with Apricot Kernel water. (*Doumen Fang*)
Chronic and sudden cough: Jin Su Wan (Golden Millet Pill): Grind 1 liang of leaf-shaped Cihuang. Seal a small clay box with paper mud, let dry, and fill with medicine. Seal the mouth with Red Stone Lip (Halloysit Rubrum) mixed with water, then seal again with mud. Let dry, place on the ground, and roast with 10 jin of charcoal. When one-third of the fire is consumed, remove heat, cool, and retrieve. The result should be mirror-smooth, bright red. Grind finely in a mortar, mix with steamed biscuit dough to make millet-sized pills. Take 3-5 pills per dose with Licorice water. Sleep for a long time after ingestion. (*Shengjin Fang*)
Kidney consumption with frequent urination: 0.5 liang of Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), 4 qian of Yan (Salt, stir-fried until yellow and crystallized), 1.5 liang of Cihuang. Grind into powder, mix with steamed biscuit dough to make mung bean-sized pills. Take 10-30 pills per dose on an empty stomach with salt water. (*Shengji Lu*)
Urinary incontinence: 1.5 liang of block-shaped Cihuang (ground), 0.5 liang of Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), 4 qian of Yan (Salt, stir-fried with ginger until yellow). Grind into powder, mix with water and steamed biscuit dough to make mung bean-sized pills. Take 10-20 pills per dose on an empty stomach with salt water. (*Jingyan Fang*)
Black leprosy and insect sores: Cihuang powder, mixed with vinegar and egg yolk, applied topically. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Leather-like stubborn tinea: Cihuang powder, mixed with Qingfen (Calomel) and Pig Fat (Zhigao), applied topically. (*Zhizhi Fang*)