（音凋。《纲目》）
【释名】鹫（音就。《山海经》）、 （《说文》。音团）。
时珍曰∶《禽经》云∶鹰以膺之，鹘以猾之，隼以尹之，雕以周之，鹫以就之， 以
搏之。皆言其击搏之异也。《梵书》谓之揭罗 。
【集解】时珍曰∶雕似鹰而大，尾长翅短，土黄色，鸷悍多力，盘旋空中，无细不睹。
皂雕即鹫也，出北地，色皂。青雕出辽东，最俊者谓之海东青。羌鹫出西南夷，黄头赤目，
五色皆备。雕类能搏鸿鹄、獐鹿、犬豕。又有虎鹰，翼广丈余，能搏虎也。鹰、雕虽鸷而畏
燕子，物无大小也。其翮可为箭羽。刘郁《西使记》云∶皂雕一产三卵者，内有一卵化犬。
短毛灰色，与犬无异，但尾背有羽毛数茎耳。随母影而走，所逐无不获者，谓之鹰背狗。
骨
【气味】缺。
【主治】折伤断骨。烧灰，每服二钱，酒下，在上食后，在下食前，骨即接如初（时珍
。出《接骨方》）。
【发明】时珍曰∶鹰、鹗、雕骨，皆能接骨。盖鸷鸟之力在骨，故以骨治骨，从其类也
屎
【主治】诸鸟兽骨鲠。烧灰，酒服方寸匕（时珍。出《外台秘要》）。
（《纲目》）
【释名】鱼鹰（《禽经》）、雕鸡（《诗疏》）、睢鸠（《周南》）、王睢（音疽）、沸波（《
淮南子》）、下窟乌。
时珍曰∶鹗状可愕，故谓之鹗。其视睢健，故谓之睢。能入穴取食，故谓之下窟乌。翱
翔水上，扇鱼令出，故曰沸波。《禽经》云∶王睢，鱼鹰也。尾上白者名白 。
【集解】时珍曰∶鹗，雕类也。似鹰而土黄色，深目好峙。雄雌相得，鸷而有别，交则
双翔，别则异处。能翱翔水上捕鱼食，江表人呼为食鱼鹰。亦啖蛇。《诗》云∶关关睢鸠，
在河之洲。即此。其肉腥恶，不可食。陆玑以为鹫，扬雄以为白 ，黄氏以为杜鹃，皆误
矣。《禽经》云∶鸠生三子，一为鹗鸠。尸鸠也。杜预以王睢为尸鸠，或以此也。
骨
【主治】接骨（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
接骨∶用下窟乌（即鹗也），取骨烧存性，以古铜钱一个， 红醋淬七次，为末等分。
酒服一钱，不可过多。病在下空心，在上食后服，极有效验。须先夹缚定，乃服此。（唐·蔺
道人方）
嘴
【主治】蛇咬。烧存性研末，一半酒服，一半涂之（时珍）。
（音凋。出自《本草纲目》）
【释名】鹫（音就，出自《山海经》）、鹔（出自《说文解字》，音团）。
李时珍说：《禽经》记载：鹰用胸击，鹘用狡猾手段，隼用尹氏之法，雕盘旋周旋，鹫直取目标，鹔搏击猎物。这些都是描述它们捕猎方式的不同。佛经中称之为揭罗婆。
【集解】李时珍说：雕像鹰但体型更大，尾巴长翅膀短，呈土黄色，凶猛强悍且力气大，在空中盘旋，没有细微之物看不见。
皂雕就是鹫，产于北方地区，颜色黑。青雕产于辽东，最俊美的称为海东青。羌鹫产于西南夷地，黄头红眼，五种颜色都具备。雕类能搏击鸿鹄、獐鹿、狗猪。又有虎鹰，翼展一丈多，能搏击老虎。鹰和雕虽然凶猛，但畏惧燕子，无论物体大小皆如此。它们的羽毛可以做箭羽。刘郁在《西使记》中说：一只皂雕产三枚蛋，其中一枚孵化成狗。这种狗毛短灰色，与狗无异，只是尾背有几根羽毛而已。它跟随母雕的影子奔跑，追逐猎物无不抓获，称为鹰背狗。
【气味】缺失。
【主治】骨折断骨。烧成灰，每次服用二钱，用酒送服，病位在上部饭后服，病位在下部饭前服，骨头就能接好如初（李时珍引自《接骨方》）。
【发明】李时珍说：鹰、鹗、雕的骨头，都能接骨。因为猛禽的力量在于骨骼，所以用骨头治疗骨头，这是遵循同类相治的原理。
屎
【主治】各种鸟兽骨鲠喉。烧成灰，用酒服用一方寸匕（李时珍引自《外台秘要》）。
（出自《本草纲目》）
【释名】鱼鹰（出自《禽经》）、雕鸡（出自《毛诗正义》）、睢鸠（出自《诗经·周南》）、王睢（音疽）、沸波（出自《淮南子》）、下窟乌。
李时珍说：鹗的样子令人惊愕，所以叫鹗。它的视力敏锐强健，所以叫睢。它能进入洞穴取食，所以叫下窟乌。在水面上翱翔，扇动水面使鱼浮出，所以叫沸波。《禽经》说：王睢就是鱼鹰。尾部白色的称为白鹗。
【集解】李时珍说：鹗属于雕类。像鹰但呈土黄色，眼睛深陷喜欢伫立。雄雌和谐相处，凶猛但有区别，交配时双飞，分离时各居一处。能在水面翱翔捕鱼吃，江表地区的人叫它食鱼鹰。也吃蛇。《诗经》说：“关关睢鸠，在河之洲。”指的就是这种鸟。它的肉腥味重难吃，不可食用。陆玑认为是鹫，扬雄认为是白鹗，黄氏认为是杜鹃，都是错误的。《禽经》说：鸠生三个孩子，其中一个变成鹗鸠（尸鸠）。杜预认为王睢是尸鸠，或许是因为这个原因。
【附方】新收录一方。
接骨：取下窟乌（即鹗）的骨头，烧至存性，取一个古铜钱，用红醋淬炼七次，将两者研为细末，等分混合。用酒服用一钱，不可过量。病位在下空腹服，病位在上饭后服，极有效验。必须先夹板固定好，然后服用此药。（唐代蔺道人方）
(Phonetic: diao. From *Bencao Gangmu* [Compendium of Materia Medica])
**Names**: Jiu (Vulture, phonetic: jiu, from *Shanhaijing* [Classic of Mountains and Seas]), Su (from *Shuowen Jiezi*).
Li Shizhen said: *Qin Jing* [Book of Birds] states: The Ying (Eagle) strikes with its breast, the Hu (Goshawk) uses cunning, the Sun (Peregrine Falcon) uses the method of Yin, the Diao (Harpia Eagle) circles around, the Jiu (Vulture) takes directly, and the Su (Osprey) attacks. These all describe their different hunting methods. In Buddhist scriptures, it is called Jialuopo.
**Collection and Explanation**: Li Shizhen said: The Diao resembles an eagle but is larger, with a long tail and short wings, yellowish-brown in color, fierce and strong, circling in the air, seeing even the smallest details.
The Zao Diao (Black Harpy Eagle) is the same as the Jiu, produced in northern regions, black in color. The Qing Diao (Blue Harpy Eagle) comes from Liaodong; the most exquisite ones are called Haidongqing (Sea-Eastern Blue). The Qiang Jiu comes from the southwestern Yi regions, with a yellow head and red eyes, possessing five colors. Diao species can hunt swans, roe deer, dogs, and pigs. There is also a Tiger Eagle, with wingspans over one zhang, capable of hunting tigers. Although eagles and harpies are fierce, they fear swallows, regardless of size. Their flight feathers can be used for arrow fletching. Liu Yu in *Xi Shi Ji* [Record of Western Envoys] stated: One Zao Diao lays three eggs, one of which hatches into a dog. This dog has short gray fur, indistinguishable from ordinary dogs, except for a few feathers on its tail and back. It follows the shadow of its mother eagle while running, catching every prey it chases, known as the "Eagle-Back Dog."
**Flavor and Properties**: Missing.
**Indications**: Fractures and broken bones. Burned to ash, take 2 qian per dose, taken with wine. If the injury is in the upper body, take after meals; if in the lower body, take before meals. The bone will heal as if new (Li Shizhen, citing *Jiegu Fang* [Bone Setting Formula]).
**Elucidation**: Li Shizhen said: The bones of the Ying (Eagle), E (Osprey), and Diao (Harpia Eagle) can all set bones. Since the strength of raptors lies in their bones, using bone to treat bone follows the principle of treating like with like.
**Excrement**
**Indications**: Bone fragments stuck in the throat from various birds and beasts. Burned to ash, take one cunbi (a measure shaped like a square inch) with wine (Li Shizhen, citing *Waitai Miyao* [Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet]).
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
**Names**: Yuying (Fish Eagle, from *Qin Jing*), Diaoji (Caracara Chicken, from *Maoshi Zhengyi* [Correct Meaning of the Book of Songs]), Suijiu (from *Shijing Zhou Nan* [Book of Songs, Odes of Zhou]), Wangsui (phonetic: ju), Feibo (from *Huainanzi*), Xiakuwu (Cave-Dwelling Crow).
Li Shizhen said: The E (Osprey) looks startling, hence named E. Its vision is sharp and vigorous, hence named Sui. It enters holes to get food, hence named Xiakuwu. It soars over water, fanning the surface to make fish emerge, hence named Feibo. *Qin Jing* says: Wangsui is the Fish Eagle. Those with white tails are called Bai E (White Osprey).
**Collection and Explanation**: Li Shizhen said: The E (Osprey) belongs to the Diao family. It resembles an eagle, is yellowish-brown, has deep-set eyes, and likes to perch. Males and females live harmoniously, are fierce but distinct; they fly together when mating and separate when apart. They soar over water to catch fish for food; people in the Jiang region call them "Fish-Eating Eagles." They also eat snakes. The *Book of Songs* says: "Guan-guan cry the ospreys, On the islet in the river." This refers to this bird. Its meat smells foul and is inedible. Lu Ji identified it as a vulture, Yang Xiong as a white osprey, and Huang as a cuckoo; all were mistaken. *Qin Jing* states: The dove produces three offspring, one becoming an E-jiu (Osprey Dove/Shrike). Du Yu considered Wangsui to be the Shrike, perhaps due to this reason.
**Bone**
**Indications**: Setting fractures (Li Shizhen).
**Attached Prescription**: New prescription 1.
Setting Fractures: Take the bone of Xiakuwu (i.e., the Osprey), burn until carbonized but retaining properties. Take one ancient copper coin, quench it seven times in red vinegar. Grind both into powder in equal proportions. Take 1 qian with wine; do not overdose. For injuries in the lower body, take on an empty stomach; for injuries in the upper body, take after meals. It is extremely effective. The fracture must first be splinted and fixed before taking this medicine. (Formula by Lin Daoren, Tang Dynasty)
**Beak**
**Indications**: Snake bites. Burn until carbonized, grind into powder. Take half with wine internally, apply the other half externally (Li Shizhen).