（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶韶子生岭南。按∶裴渊《广州记》云∶韶叶如栗，
子大如栗，有棘刺。破其皮，内有肉如猪肪，着核不离，味甘酢，核如荔枝。
时珍曰∶按∶范成大《虞衡志》云∶广南有山韶子，夏熟，色红，肉如荔枝。又有藤韶
子，秋熟，大如凫卵柿也。
实
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】暴痢，心腹冷气（藏器）。
（《会编》）
【释名】马金囊（《云南志》）、马金南
【集解】时珍曰∶马槟榔生滇南金齿、沅江诸夷地，蔓生。结实大如葡萄，紫色味甘。
内有核，颇似大风子而壳稍薄，团长斜扁不等。核内有仁，亦甜。
实
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
核仁
【气味】苦、甘，寒，无毒
机曰∶凡嚼之者，以冷水一口送下，其甜如蜜，亦不伤人也。
【主治】产难，临时细嚼数枚，井华水送下，须臾立产。再以四枚去壳，两手各握二枚，
恶水自下也。欲断产者，常嚼二枚，水下。久则子宫冷，自不孕矣（汪机）。伤寒热病，食
数枚，冷水下。又治恶疮
（音止矩。《唐本草》）
【校正】自木部移入此，并入《拾遗》木蜜。
【释名】蜜枳 （音止矩）、蜜屈律（《广记》）、木蜜（《拾遗》）、木饧（同上）、木珊瑚
（《广志》）、鸡距子（苏文）、鸡爪子（俗名），木名白石木（《唐注》）、金钩木（《地志》）、
KT （音
时珍曰∶枳 徐锴注《说文》作枳 ，又作枳枸，皆屈曲不伸之意。此树多枝而曲，其
子亦卷曲，故以名之。曰蜜、曰饧，因其味也。曰珊瑚、曰鸡距、曰鸡爪，象其形也。曰交
加、曰KT ，言其实之纽屈也。KT ，枋梁之名。按∶《雷公炮炙》序云∶弊箅淡卤，
如酒沾交。注云∶交加枝，即蜜枳 也。又《诗话》云∶子生枝端，横折歧出，状若KT
，故土人谓之KT 也。珍谓∶KT 及俗称鸡矩，蜀人之称桔枸、棘枸，滇人之称鸡
橘子，巴人之称金钩，广人之称结留子，散见书记者，皆枳 、鸡距之字，方音转异尔。俗
又讹鸡爪为曹公爪，或谓之梨枣树，或谓之癞汉指头，崔豹《古今注》一名树蜜，一名木石，
皆一物也。
【集解】恭曰∶枳 子其树径尺，木名白石，叶如桑柘。其子作房似珊瑚，核在其端，
人皆食之。
颂曰∶此《诗·小雅》所谓南山有枸也。陆机《疏义》云∶枳枸树高硕如白杨，所在皆
有，枝柯不直。子着枝端，啖之甘美如饴，八、九月熟，江南特美之，谓之木蜜。能败酒味，
若以其木为
诜曰∶昔有南人修舍用此木，误落一片入酒瓮中，酒化为水也。
藏器曰∶木蜜树生南方，人呼白石木，枝、叶俱甜。嫩叶可生啖，味如蜜。老枝细破，
煎汁成蜜，倍甜，止渴解烦也。
时珍曰∶枳 木高三、四丈，叶圆大如桑柘，夏月开花。枝头结实，如鸡爪形，长寸许，
纽曲，开作二、三歧，俨若鸡之足距。嫩时青色，经霜乃黄，嚼之味甘如蜜。每开歧尽处，
结一、二小子，状如蔓荆子，内有扁核赤色，如酸枣仁形。飞鸟喜巢其上，故宋玉赋云∶枳
枸来巢。《曲礼》云∶妇人之贽， 、榛、
实
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
诜曰∶多食发蛔虫。
【主治】头风，小腹拘急（《唐本》）。止渴除烦，去膈上热，润五脏，利大小便，功用
同蜂蜜。枝、叶煎膏亦同（藏器）。止呕逆，解酒毒
【发明】震亨曰∶一男子年三十余，因饮酒发热，又兼房劳虚乏。乃服补气血之药，加
葛根以解酒毒。微汗出，人反懈怠，热如故。此乃气血虚，不禁葛根之散也。必须鸡距子解
其毒，遂煎药中加而服之，乃愈。
时珍曰∶枳 ，本草只言木能败酒，而丹溪朱氏治酒病往往用其实，其功当亦同也。按∶
《苏东坡集》云∶眉山揭颖臣病消渴，日饮水数斗，饭亦倍常，小便频数。服消渴药逾年，
疾日甚，自度必死。予令延蜀医张肱诊之。笑曰∶君几误死。乃取麝香当门子以酒濡湿，作
十许丸，用棘枸子煎汤吞之，遂愈。问其故。肱曰∶消渴消中皆脾弱肾败、土不制水而成疾。
今颖臣脾脉极热而肾气不衰，当由果实、酒物过度，积热在脾，所以食多而饮水。水饮既多，
溺不得不多，非消非渴也。麝香能制酒果花木，棘枸亦胜酒（屋外有此木，屋内酿酒多不佳）。
故以此二物为药，以去其酒果之毒也。棘枸实如鸡距，故俗谓之鸡距，亦曰癞汉指头。食之
如牛乳，本草名枳 ，小儿喜食之。吁！古人重格物，
木汁
【气味】同枳 。
【附方】新一。
腋下狐气∶用桔枸树凿孔，取汁一、二碗，用青木香、东桃、西柳、七姓妇人乳，一处
煎一、二沸。就热，于五月五日鸡叫时洗了，将水放在十字路口，速回勿顾，即愈。只是他
人先遇者，必带去也。桔枸树即
木皮
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】五痔，和五脏（《唐本》）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】陈藏器说：韶子生长在岭南地区。据裴渊的《广州记》记载：韶树的叶子像栗树叶，果实大如栗子，带有棘刺。剥开果皮，里面的果肉像猪油一样，附着在核上不易分离，味道甘甜带酸，果核形状像荔枝。
李时珍说：据范成大的《虞衡志》记载：广南地区有一种山韶子，夏季成熟，颜色红润，果肉像荔枝。还有一种藤韶子，秋季成熟，大小如同野鸭蛋或柿子。
果实
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】治疗急性痢疾，以及心腹部的冷气（陈藏器）。
（出自《本草会编》）
【释名】马金囊（出自《云南志》）、马金南
【集解】李时珍说：马槟榔生长在滇南的金齿、沅江等少数民族地区，呈蔓生状态。结出的果实大如葡萄，紫色，味道甘甜。
果实内部有核，很像大风子但壳稍薄，形状有圆形、椭圆形、斜形、扁形不等。核内有仁，也是甜的。
果实
【气味】味甘，性寒，无毒。
核仁
【气味】味苦、甘，性寒，无毒。
汪机说：凡是咀嚼这种果实的人，用一口冷水送服，其甜味如蜜，也不会伤害人体。
【主治】治疗难产。临产时细嚼数枚，用清晨第一次井水送服，不久即可分娩。再用四枚去壳，双手各握两枚，恶露自然下行。想要避孕的人，经常咀嚼两枚，用水送下。时间久了子宫变冷，自然就不会怀孕了（汪机）。治疗伤寒热病，吃几枚，用水送下。又用于治疗恶疮。
（音止矩。出自《唐本草》）
【校正】从木部移入此部，并并入《本草拾遗》中的木蜜条目。
【释名】蜜枳椇（音止矩）、蜜屈律（出自《太平广记》）、木蜜（出自《本草拾遗》）、木饧（同上）、木珊瑚（出自《广志》）、鸡距子（苏颂文）、鸡爪子（俗名），树名白石木（《唐注》）、金钩木（《地志》）。
李时珍说：枳椇，徐锴注释《说文解字》写作“枳枸”，又写作“枳枸”，都是弯曲不能伸直的意思。这种树枝条多且弯曲，其果实也卷曲，所以以此命名。称为蜜、饧，是因为它的味道；称为珊瑚、鸡距、鸡爪，是形容它的形状；称为交加、榦（音干，指房梁），是说它果实连接处的弯曲。榦，是房梁的名称。据《雷公炮炙论》序言说：“弊箅淡卤，如酒沾交。”注解说：“交加枝，就是蜜枳椇。”又《诗话》说：“果实生在枝头末端，横向折断歧出，形状像榦，所以当地人叫它榦。”我认为：榦及俗称的鸡矩，蜀人称为桔枸、棘枸，滇人称为鸡橘子，巴人称为金钩，广人称为结留子，散见于书籍中的名称，都是枳椇和鸡距子的异写，只是方言读音不同罢了。民间又讹传鸡爪为曹公爪，或者称之为梨枣树，或者称之为癞汉指头，崔豹《古今注》中称一名树蜜，一名木石，其实都是同一种东西。
【集解】苏恭说：枳椇树的树干直径有一尺，木材名叫白石，叶子像桑树和柘树。它的果实像房状类似珊瑚，核在顶端，人们都食用它。
苏颂说：这就是《诗经·小雅》中所说的“南山有枸”。陆机的《疏义》说：枳椇树高大硕壮如白杨，各地都有，枝条不直。果实长在枝头末端，吃起来甘甜美味如糖稀，八、九月成熟，江南地区特别美味，称为木蜜。能解酒味，如果用它的木头做……
寇宗奭说：从前有南方人修房子用这种木头，不小心落了一片到酒瓮中，酒就变成了水。
陈藏器说：木蜜树生长在南方，人们叫它白石木，枝条、叶子都甜。嫩叶可以生吃，味道像蜜。老枝细细劈开，煎汁成蜜，加倍甜，能止渴除烦。
李时珍说：枳椇树高三四丈，叶子圆大如桑柘，夏季开花。枝头结果实，像鸡爪形状，长约一寸，扭曲弯曲，分成二、三岔，俨然像鸡的脚爪。嫩时青色，经霜后变黄，嚼之味道甘甜如蜜。每开岔尽头，结一、两个小果实，形状像蔓荆子，里面有扁平红色的核，形状像酸枣仁。飞鸟喜欢在上面筑巢，所以宋玉赋中说：“枳枸来巢。”《礼记·曲礼》说：“妇女的见面礼，包括棃、榛、……”
果实
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
寇宗奭说：多吃会引发蛔虫。
【主治】治疗头风，小腹拘急（《唐本草》）。止渴除烦，去除膈上热气，滋润五脏，通利大小便，功效与蜂蜜相同。枝条、叶子煎膏也相同（陈藏器）。止呕逆，解酒毒。
【发明】朱震亨说：有一个三十多岁的男子，因为饮酒发热，又加上房事劳累导致虚乏。于是服用补气血的药，加入葛根以解酒毒。微微出汗后，人反而懈怠，发热依旧。这是因为气血虚弱，承受不住葛根的发散作用。必须用鸡距子来解他的毒，于是在煎药中加入并服用，于是痊愈。
李时珍说：本草书中只说枳椇木能解酒，而丹溪朱氏治疗酒病往往使用它的果实，其功效应当也是相同的。据《苏东坡集》记载：眉山的揭颖臣患消渴病，每天喝水数斗，饭量也加倍，小便频繁。服用消渴药一年多，病情日益加重，自认为必死无疑。我让他请四川医生张肱诊治。张肱笑着说：“你差点误死。”于是取麝香当门子用酒润湿，做成十几丸，用棘枸子煎汤吞服，于是痊愈。问其原因。张肱说：“消渴、消中都是因为脾弱肾败，土不能制水而形成的疾病。现在颖臣脾脉极热而肾气不衰，大概是由于果实、酒类过度摄入，积热在脾，所以吃得多吃得饮水多。水饮既多，小便不得不多次排出，这不是消也不是渴。”麝香能制约酒果花木之气，棘枸也能胜酒（屋外有此树，屋内酿酒多不佳）。所以用这两种东西作为药，以去除酒果之毒。棘枸果实像鸡距，所以俗称为鸡距，也称为癞汉指头。吃起来像牛乳，本草名为枳椇，小儿喜欢食用它。唉！古人重视格物致知……
木汁
【气味】与枳椇相同。
【附方】新方一个。
腋下狐臭：用桔枸树凿孔，取汁一两碗，用青木香、东桃、西柳、七姓妇人乳汁，一起煎煮一、两沸。趁热，在五月五日鸡叫时清洗患处，将水倒在十字路口，迅速回去不要回头，即可痊愈。只是如果别人先遇到了这水，必定会带走病气。桔枸树即枳椇。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
【Jijie (Collected Explanations)】 Chen Cangqi stated: Shaozi grows in the Lingnan region. According to Pei Yuan's *Guangzhou Ji*: The leaves of the Shao tree resemble those of the chestnut; the fruit is as large as a chestnut and has prickles. Breaking open the skin, the flesh inside resembles lard, adhering to the seed and not separating easily. It tastes sweet and sour, and the seed resembles that of a lychee.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Fan Chengda's *Yu Heng Zhi*: In Guangnan, there is a mountain Shaozi which ripens in summer, is red in color, and its flesh resembles a lychee. There is also a vine Shaozi which ripens in autumn, being as large as a wild duck egg or a persimmon.
Fruit
【Qiwu (Odor and Flavor)】 Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
【Zhuzhi (Main Actions)】 Treats acute dysentery and cold qi in the heart and abdomen (Chen Cangqi).
(From *Bencao Huibian*)
【Shiming (Names)】 Ma Jin Nang (from *Yunnan Zhi*), Ma Jin Nan
【Jijie (Collected Explanations)】 Li Shizhen stated: Ma Binglang grows in the regions of Jinci and Yuanjiang among the ethnic minorities in southern Yunnan, growing as a vine. The fruits are as large as grapes, purple in color, and sweet in taste.
Inside the fruit is a seed, somewhat resembling *Croton tiglium* (Da Feng Zi) but with a slightly thinner shell. The shapes vary from round to oval, oblique, or flat. Inside the seed is the kernel, which is also sweet.
Fruit
【Qiwu (Odor and Flavor)】 Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
Kernel
【Qiwu (Odor and Flavor)】 Bitter, sweet, cold, non-toxic.
Wang Ji stated: Those who chew it should swallow it with a mouthful of cold water. Its sweetness is like honey, and it does not harm the person.
【Zhuzhi (Main Actions)】 Treats dystocia. At the time of delivery, chew several pieces finely and swallow with the first well water drawn at dawn. Delivery will occur shortly thereafter. Use four more pieces, remove the shells, and hold two in each hand; this will cause foul lochia to flow down naturally. For those wishing to prevent pregnancy, chew two pieces regularly and swallow with water. Over time, the uterus becomes cold and natural conception ceases (Wang Ji). For treating typhoid fever and heat diseases, eat several pieces and swallow with water. Also used to treat malignant sores.
(Yin Zhiju. From *Tang Bencao*)
【Zhengjiao (Corrections)】 Transferred from the Wood section and merged with the entry for "Mu Mi" in *Bencao Shiyi*.
【Shiming (Names)】 Mi Zhi Ju (Yin Zhiju), Mi Qu Lv (from *Guangji*), Mu Mi (from *Bencao Shiyi*), Mu Xiang (same source), Mu Shan Hu (from *Guangzhi*), Ji Ju Zi (Su Wen), Ji Zhuazi (common name). Tree name: Bai Shi Mu (*Tang Zhu*), Jin Gou Mu (*Di Zhi*).
Li Shizhen stated: *Zhi Ju*, Xu Kai's annotation of *Shuowen* writes it as *Zhi Gou*, also written as *Zhi Ju*, both meaning curved and unable to straighten. This tree has many branches that are curved, and its fruits are also curled, hence the name. Called Mi (honey) and Xiang (maltose syrup) due to its taste. Called Shan Hu (coral), Ji Ju (chicken spur), and Ji Zhao (chicken claw) due to its shape. Called Jiaojia and Gan (beam), referring to the curvature of its fruit stem. Gan refers to a building beam. According to the preface of *Leigong Paozhi*: "Broken mats and light salt, like wine touching Jiaojia." The annotation states: "Jiaojia branch is Mi Zhi Ju." Also, *Shihua* states: "The fruit grows at the tip of the branch, breaking horizontally into forks, resembling a Gan, hence locals call it Gan." I believe: Gan and the common name Ji Ju, the Shu people's name Jiu Gou or Ji Gou, the Dian people's name Ji Juzi, the Ba people's name Jin Gou, and the Guang people's name Jieliu Zi, all appearing in various texts, are variant characters for Zhi Ju and Ji Ju, differing only in dialect pronunciation. Folklore further misnames Ji Zhao as Cao Gong Zhao, or calls it Li Zao Shu, or Lai Han Zhitou. Cui Bao's *Gujin Zhu* names it one as Shu Mi and another as Mu Shi; all refer to the same object.
【Jijie (Collected Explanations)】 Su Gong stated: The trunk of the Zhi Ju tree is about one chi in diameter. The wood is named Bai Shi. The leaves resemble mulberry and torus leaves. The fruit forms chambers resembling coral, with the seed at the end. People eat it.
Su Song stated: This is what is referred to in the *Book of Songs · Xiao Ya* as "There are Gou trees on the Southern Mountain." Lu Ji's commentary states: The Zhi Ju tree is tall and sturdy like a white poplar, found everywhere, with crooked branches. The fruit grows at the branch tips, tasting sweet and delicious like maltose syrup, ripening in August and September. It is particularly delicious in Jiangnan, called Mu Mi. It can neutralize alcohol flavor. If its wood is used to make...
Kou Zongshi stated: Once, a southerner was repairing a house using this wood. A piece accidentally fell into a wine jar, turning the wine into water.
Chen Cangqi stated: The Mu Mi tree grows in the south. People call it Bai Shi Mu. Both branches and leaves are sweet. Young leaves can be eaten raw, tasting like honey. Old branches split finely and boiled down yield juice like honey, twice as sweet, stopping thirst and removing irritability.
Li Shizhen stated: The Zhi Ju tree is three to four zhang high. Leaves are round and large like mulberry/torus leaves, flowering in summer. Fruits grow on branch tips, shaped like chicken claws, about one cun long, twisted and curved, branching into two or three forks, resembling a chicken's spur. When young, they are green; after frost, they turn yellow. Chewing them tastes sweet like honey. At the end of each fork, one or two small fruits form, resembling Vitex fruit, containing a flat, red seed similar in shape to sour jujube kernel. Birds like to nest on them, hence Song Yu's poem says: "Zhi Ju comes to nest." *Qu Li* states: "A woman's gift includes li, hazelnut..."
Fruit
【Qiwu (Odor and Flavor)】 Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Kou Zongshi stated: Eating too much induces roundworms.
【Zhuzhi (Main Actions)】 Treats cephalalgia due to wind and tightness/urgency in the lower abdomen (*Tang Bencao*). Stops thirst, removes irritability, clears heat above the diaphragm, moistens the five zang organs, promotes urination and bowel movements. Functions are the same as honey. Decoction of branches and leaves yields a paste with similar effects (Chen Cangqi). Stops vomiting/reversal of qi, resolves alcohol toxicity.
【Faming (Elucidation)】 Zhu Zhenheng stated: A man in his thirties suffered from fever due to drinking and deficiency due to sexual exhaustion. He took herbs to tonify qi and blood, adding Gegen to resolve alcohol toxicity. After slight sweating, he felt lethargic, and the fever persisted. This was because his qi and blood were deficient and could not withstand the dispersing action of Gegen. He needed Ji Ju Zi to resolve the toxicity. Adding it to the decoction and taking it cured him.
Li Shizhen stated: Materia Medica texts only mention that Zhi Ju wood can counteract alcohol, but Danxi Zhu treated alcohol-related diseases often using its fruit, implying its efficacy is likely similar. According to *Su Dongpo Ji*: Jie Yingchen from Meishan suffered from Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), drinking several dou of water daily and eating double the usual amount of rice, with frequent urination. He took Xiao Ke medicine for over a year, yet the disease worsened, believing he would die. I advised him to consult Zhang Gong, a physician from Shu. Zhang Gong laughed and said, "You nearly died by mistake." He took Moschus (Shexiang Dangmenzi), moistened it with wine, made about ten pills, and swallowed them with a decoction of Ji Gou Zi. The patient recovered. Asked for the reason, Zhang Gong said: "Xiao Ke and Xiao Zhong are caused by spleen weakness and kidney failure, where earth fails to control water. Now, Yingchen's spleen pulse is extremely hot while kidney qi is unimpaired. This is likely due to excessive consumption of fruits and alcohol, causing accumulated heat in the spleen, leading to increased food intake and water drinking. With much water intake, urination must increase. This is neither Xiao nor Ke." Moschus can restrain the qi of alcohol, fruits, flowers, and trees; Ji Gou can also overcome alcohol (if this tree is outside, brewing wine inside is unfavorable). Thus, these two substances were used as medicine to remove the toxicity of alcohol and fruits. Ji Gou fruit resembles a chicken spur, hence commonly called Ji Ju, also Lai Han Zhitou. Eating it is like cow's milk. Materia Medica names it Zhi Ju; children like to eat it. Alas! Ancients valued investigating things...
Wood Sap
【Qiwu (Odor and Flavor)】 Same as Zhi Ju.
【Fu Fang (Attached Prescriptions)】 New prescription one.
Axillary odor (Fox odor): Drill a hole in the Jiu Gou tree, collect one or two bowls of sap. Mix with Qing Mu Xiang, East Peach, West Willow, and breast milk from seven different surnamed women. Boil together for one or two boils. While hot, wash the area at cockcrow on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Pour the water at a crossroads and return quickly without looking back. It will be cured. However, if others encounter the water first, they may carry away the ailment. Jiu Gou tree is Zhi Ju.
Bark
【Qiwu (Odor and Flavor)】 Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
【Zhuzhi (Main Actions)】 Treats the five types of hemorrhoids, harmonizes the five zang organs (*Tang Bencao*).