（《本经》上品）
【释名】漏芦（《别录》）、木禾（《别录》）、
（《别录》）、伏猪（同）、天荠（同）。
尾，
有角，能致风气。此草附茎有皮如箭羽，复疗风邪，故有飞廉、飞雉、飞轻诸名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶飞廉生河内川泽，正月采根，七月、八月采花，阴干。
弘景曰∶处处有之。极似苦 ，惟叶多刻缺，叶下附茎，轻有皮起似箭羽，其花紫色。
俗方殆无用，而道家服其枝茎，可得长生，又入神枕方。今既别有漏芦，则此漏芦乃别名尔。
恭曰∶此有两种∶一种生平泽中，是陶氏所说者。一种生山冈上者，叶颇相似，而无刻
缺，且多毛，其茎亦无羽，其根直下，更无旁枝，生则肉白皮黑，中有黑脉，日干则黑如玄
参。用茎叶及根，疗疳蚀杀虫，与平泽者俱有验。今俗以马蓟似苦 者为漏芦，并非是也。
保升曰∶叶似苦 ，茎似软羽，花紫色，子色白。所在平泽皆有，
曰∶凡使，勿用赤脂蔓，与飞廉形状相似，只赤脂蔓见酒则色便如血，以此可表识之
颂曰∶今秦州所图漏芦，花似单叶寒菊，紫色，五、七枝同一干。海州所图漏芦，花紫
碧色，如单叶莲花，花萼下及根旁有白茸裹之，根黑色，如蔓荆而细，又类葱本，与陶苏所
说飞廉相近，然彼但谓之漏芦。今医家罕有用飞廉者，不能的识。
时珍曰∶飞廉，亦蒿类也。苏颂《图经》疑海州所图之漏芦是飞廉。沈存中《笔谈》亦
言飞廉根如牛蒡而绵头。古方漏芦散下云，用有白茸者则是有白茸者，乃飞廉无疑矣。今考
二物气、味、功、用俱不相远，似可通用，岂或一类有数种，而古今名称各处不同乎？
根及花
【修治】 曰∶凡用根，先刮去粗皮，杵细，以苦酒拌一夜，漉出，日干细杵用。
【气味】苦，平，无毒。权曰∶苦、咸，有毒。
【主治】骨节热，胫重酸疼。久服令人身轻（《本经》）。
螫针刺，鱼子细起，热疮痈疽痔，湿痹，止风邪咳嗽，下乳汁。久服益气明目不老，可煮可
干用（《别录》）。主留血（《甄权》）。疗疳蚀，杀虫（苏恭）。
小儿疳痢，为散，浆水服，大效（萧炳）。治头风旋晕（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶葛洪《抱朴子》书，言飞廉单服可轻身延寿。又言服飞廉煎，可远涉
疾行，力数倍于常。《本经》、《别录》所列亦是良药，而后人不知用，何哉？
【附方】旧一。
若不痛，非疳也。下部虫如马尾大，相缠出无数。十日瘥，二十日平复。（《千金翼方》）
（被列为《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】漏芦（出自《名医别录》）、木禾（出自《名医别录》）、[缺字]、伏猪（同上）、天荠（同上）。尾部有角，能够招致风气。这种草贴近茎部生长着像箭羽一样的皮，又能治疗风邪，所以有飞廉、飞雉、飞轻等名称。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：飞廉生长在河内的川泽地带，正月采集根部，七月、八月采集花朵，阴干。
陶弘景说：到处都有。极像苦苣菜，只是叶子边缘多有刻缺状的锯齿，叶子下方紧贴茎部，表面覆盖一层轻薄的皮，突起状似箭羽，它的花是紫色的。世俗医方几乎不用它，但道家服用它的枝茎，据说可以长生不老，另外也用于制作神枕方剂。如今既然已经有另一种名为“漏芦”的药物，那么这里的“漏芦”不过是别名罢了。
苏恭说：这有两种：一种生长在水泽平地中，就是陶弘景所说的那种。另一种生长在山冈上，叶子颇为相似，但没有刻缺状的锯齿，而且多毛，它的茎也没有羽状突起，根部笔直向下，更没有旁枝，鲜时肉质白色外皮黑色，中间有黑色的脉络，晒干后变黑，像玄参一样。使用其茎叶及根部，治疗疳蚀和杀虫，与生长在水泽平地的品种同样有效。现在世俗之人把像苦苣菜的马蓟当作漏芦，这并不是正确的。
保升说：叶子像苦苣菜，茎像柔软的羽毛，花紫色，种子白色。所在之处的平泽都有。
[缺人名]说：凡是用药，不要用赤脂蔓，它与飞廉形状相似，只是赤脂蔓遇到酒颜色就会像血一样红，以此可以辨别识别。
苏颂说：现在秦州所绘制的漏芦，花像单瓣寒菊，紫色，五到七枝花长在同一根茎上。海州所绘制的漏芦，花呈紫碧色，像单瓣莲花，花萼下及根部旁边有白色的茸毛包裹着，根部黑色，像蔓荆子但较细，又类似葱根，与陶弘景、苏颂所说的飞廉相近，然而他们只称之为漏芦。现在的医家很少有用飞廉的，不能确切识别。
李时珍说：飞廉，也是蒿类植物。苏颂在《图经》中怀疑海州所绘制的漏芦就是飞廉。沈括在《笔谈》中也说飞廉的根像牛蒡且有绵头。古方“漏芦散”下面注明，用有白茸的就是指有白茸的，那无疑是飞廉了。如今考证这两种药物，气、味、功效、用途都不相上下，似乎可以通用使用，难道是因为同一类植物有多种，而古今各地的名称各不相同吗？
根及花
【修治】[缺人名]说：凡是使用根部，先刮去粗皮，捣碎成细末，用醋拌一夜，滤出，晒干后再捣细使用。
【主治】骨节发热，小腿沉重酸痛。长期服用使人身体轻盈（出自《神农本草经》）。治疗蜂虫刺伤、鱼子样细粒突起、热疮痈疽痔疮、湿痹，停止风邪引起的咳嗽，促进乳汁下行。长期服用益气明目延缓衰老，可以煮服也可以干用（出自《名医别录》）。主治瘀血停留（出自甄权）。治疗疳蚀，杀虫（出自苏恭）。治疗小儿疳痢，制成散剂，用浆水送服，效果显著（出自萧炳）。治疗头风眩晕（出自李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：葛洪在《抱朴子》一书中说，单服飞廉可以使身体轻盈并延长寿命。又说服用飞廉煎剂，可以长途跋涉快速行走，力气比平常人多几倍。《神农本草经》、《名医别录》所列出的也都是良药，但后人不知道使用，这是为什么呢？
【附方】旧方一条。
如果不痛，就不是疳病。下部虫子像马尾那么大，相互缠绕出来无数条。十天痊愈，二十天完全恢复。（出自《千金翼方》）
(Recorded as a Superior Grade drug in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Classic of Materia Medica])
**[Names]** Loulu (from *Bielu* [Additional Records]), Muhe (from *Bielu*), [Missing Character], Fuzhu (same), Tianqi (same). It has horns at the tail and can attract wind pathogens. This herb grows close to the stem with skin resembling arrow feathers, and it treats wind pathogens; hence its names Feilian, Feizhi, and Feiqing.
**[Collection and Explanation]** The *Bielu* states: Feilian grows in the rivers and marshes of Henei. The roots are harvested in the first lunar month, and the flowers in the seventh and eighth lunar months, then dried in the shade.
Taohongjing says: It is found everywhere. It closely resembles *Sonchus oleraceus* (Ku Shu), but its leaves have more serrated edges. The leaves attach closely to the stem below, covered by a light skin that protrudes like arrow feathers, and its flowers are purple. Secular medical formulas rarely use it, but Daoists consume its branches and stems, believing it can grant longevity. It is also used in the Shen Zhen Fang (Divine Pillow Formula). Since there is now another herb named "Loulu," this "Loulu" here is merely an alias.
Gong says: There are two types: one grows in flat marshlands, which is what Tao described. The other grows on hillsides; its leaves are quite similar but lack serrations, and it is hairy. Its stem lacks feather-like projections, and its root grows straight down without lateral branches. When fresh, the flesh is white and the skin black, with black veins inside; when dried, it turns black like *Scrophularia ningpoensis* (Xuanshen). Using its stems, leaves, and roots to treat gan erosion (nutritional deficiency ulcers) and kill parasites yields effective results, just like the variety from flat marshlands. Currently, people mistakenly identify *Cirsium japonicum* (Ma Ji) resembling *Sonchus* as Loulu, which is incorrect.
Baosheng says: The leaves resemble *Sonchus*, the stems resemble soft feathers, the flowers are purple, and the seeds are white. It is present in flat marshlands everywhere.
[Name Missing] says: When using it, do not use *Lysimachia christinae* (Chizhi Man), which resembles Feilian in shape. However, Chizhi Man turns blood-red when exposed to wine, which serves as an identifier.
Song says: The Loulu depicted in Qinzhou today has flowers resembling single-petal chrysanthemums, purple in color, with five to seven flower heads sharing one stalk. The Loulu depicted in Haizhou has purple-green flowers resembling single-petal lotuses, with white down wrapping the calyx base and the side of the root. The root is black, thinner than *Vitex rotundifolia* (Manjing), and resembles scallion roots. This is close to the Feilian described by Tao and Su, although they only called it Loulu. Nowadays, physicians rarely use Feilian and cannot accurately identify it.
Shizhen says: Feilian belongs to the Artemisia family. Su Song's *Tujing* suspected that the Loulu depicted in Haizhou was Feilian. Shen Kuo's *Bitan* also stated that Feilian roots resemble burdock and have cottony heads. An ancient prescription for "Loulu San" notes that the variety with white down is indeed Feilian without doubt. Upon examination, the qi, flavor, efficacy, and usage of these two substances are very similar, suggesting they might be interchangeable. Could it be that one species has several varieties, and their names differed across regions in ancient and modern times?
**Roots and Flowers**
**[Processing]** [Name Missing] says: When using the root, first scrape off the coarse skin, pound it into fine pieces, mix with vinegar overnight, strain out, dry in the sun, and then pound finely for use.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Quan says: Bitter, salty, toxic.
**[Indications]** Heat in bone joints, heaviness and soreness in the shins. Long-term consumption makes the body feel light (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats insect stings, needle pricks, eruptions resembling fish roe, hot sores, carbuncles, abscesses, hemorrhoids, damp bi syndrome, stops wind-pathogen-induced coughing, and promotes lactation. Long-term consumption benefits qi, brightens the eyes, and delays aging. Can be decocted or used dried (*Bielu*). Resolves retained blood (*Zhenquan*). Treats gan erosion and kills parasites (Su Gong). For pediatric gan dysentery, make into a powder and take with fermented grain water for great efficacy (Xiao Bing). Treats cephalalgia due to wind dizziness (Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]** Shizhen says: In Ge Hong's *Baopuzi*, it is stated that taking Feilian alone can lighten the body and extend lifespan. It also states that consuming Feilian decoction allows for long-distance travel and rapid walking, with strength several times greater than usual. The herbs listed in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* and *Bielu* are also excellent medicines, yet later generations did not know how to use them. Why is this?
**[Attached Prescriptions]** One old prescription.
If there is no pain, it is not gan disease. Worms in the lower part are as large as horse tails, entangled and emerging in countless numbers. Recovery in ten days, complete healing in twenty days. (*Qianjin Yifang*)