【主治】妇人败血。连根焙捣下筛，酒服一钱匕（苏颂）。
吴蓝
【气味】苦、甘，冷，无毒。
【主治】寒热头痛，赤眼，天行热狂，疔疮，游风热毒，肿毒风疹除烦止渴，杀疳，解
毒药毒箭，金疮血闷，毒刺虫蛇伤，鼻衄吐血，排脓，产后血晕，小儿壮热，解金石药毒、
野狼毒、射罔毒（大明）。
【发明】震亨曰∶蓝属水，能使败血分归经络。
时珍曰∶诸蓝形虽不同，而性味不远，故能解毒除热。惟木蓝叶力似少劣，蓝子则专用
蓼蓝者也。至于用淀与青布，则是刈蓝浸水入锻石澄成者，性味不能不少异，不可与蓝汁一
概论也。有人病呕吐，服玉壶诸丸不效，用蓝汁入口即定，盖亦取其杀虫降火尔。如此之类，
不可不知。
颂曰∶蓝汁治虫豸伤。刘禹锡《传信方》着其法云∶取大蓝汁一碗，入雄黄、麝香二物
少许，
以点咬处，仍细服其汁，神异之极也。张荐员外在剑南为张延赏判官，忽被斑蜘蛛咬项上。
一宿，咬处有二道赤色，细如箸，绕项上，从胸前下至心。经两宿，头面肿痛，大如数升碗，
肚渐肿，几至不救。张公出钱五百千，并荐家财又数百千，募能疗者。忽一人应召，云可治。
张公甚不信之，欲验其方。其人云∶不惜方，但疗人性命尔。遂取大蓝汁一碗，以蜘蛛投之，
至汁而死。又取蓝汁加麝香、雄黄，更以一蛛投入，随化为水。张公因甚异之，遂令点于咬
处。两日悉平，作小疮而愈。
【附方】旧十，新七。
小儿赤痢∶捣青蓝汁二升，分四服。（《子母秘录》）
小儿中蛊，下血欲死∶捣青蓝汁，频服之。（《圣惠方》）
阴阳易病，伤寒初愈，交合阴阳，必病拘急，手足拳，小腹急热，头不能举，名阴阳易，
当汗之。满四日难治∶蓝一把，雄鼠屎三十枚，水煎服，取汗。（《肘后方》）
惊痫发热∶干蓝、凝水石等分。为末，水调敷头上。（《圣惠方》）
上气咳嗽，呷呀息气，喉中作声，唾粘∶以蓝叶水浸捣汁一升，空腹频服。须臾以杏
仁研汁，煮粥食之。一两日将息，依前法更服，吐痰尽方瘥。（《梅师方》）
飞血赤目热痛∶干蓝叶（切）二升，车前草半两，淡竹叶（切）三握。水四升，煎二升，
去滓温洗。冷即再暖，以瘥为度。（《圣济总录》）
腹中鳖症∶蓝叶一斤（捣）。以水三升，绞汁服一升，日二次。（《千金方》）
应声虫病，腹中有物作声，随人语言，名应声虫病∶用板蓝汁一盏。分五服，效。（夏
子益《奇疾方》）
卒中水毒∶捣蓝青汁，敷头身令匝。（《肘后方》）
服药过剂烦闷，及中毒烦闷欲死。捣蓝汁服数升。（《肘后方》）
卒自缢死∶以蓝汁灌之。（《千金方》）
毒箭伤人∶蓝青捣饮并敷之。如无蓝，以青布渍汁饮。（《肘后方》）
唇边生疮，连年不瘥∶以八月蓝叶一斤。捣汁洗之，不过三度瘥。（《千金方》）
齿 肿痛∶紫蓝，烧灰敷之，日五度。（《广济方》）
白头秃疮∶粪蓝，煎汁频洗。（《圣济录》）
天泡热疮∶蓝叶捣敷之，良。（《集简方》）
疮疹不快∶板蓝根一两，甘草一分。为末。每服半钱或一钱，取雄鸡冠血三
、二点，同温酒少许调下。（《钱氏小儿方》）
【主治功效】治疗妇女瘀血内停。将马蓝连根焙干后捣碎过筛，用酒送服一钱匕（苏颂）。
吴蓝
【气味】味苦、甘，性冷，无毒。
【主治功效】治疗寒热往来、头痛、红眼病、流行性热病导致的神志狂乱、疔疮、游走性风热毒邪、肿毒及风疹，能除烦止渴，杀灭寄生虫（疳积），解除金石类药物毒性、野狼毒、射罔毒（大明）。
【发明与阐释】朱震亨说：蓝草属水，能使败血回归经络。
李时珍说：各种蓝草形态虽不同，但药性和味道相近，所以都能解毒清热。只有木蓝叶的药力稍弱，而蓝子则专门用于蓼蓝的种植。至于使用靛青和青布，那是割取蓝草浸泡水中，加入皂矾沉淀而成的，其药性和味道不能不有所差异，不可一概而论地将其与蓝汁相提并论。有人患呕吐病，服用玉壶丸等药物无效，改用蓝汁入口即止，这大概也是取其杀虫降火的功效罢了。像这类情况，是不可不知道的。
苏颂说：蓝汁能治疗虫兽咬伤。刘禹锡在《传信方》中记载了这种方法：取大碗蓝汁，加入少许雄黄和麝香，点涂在被咬处，同时细细服用蓝汁，效果神奇至极。张荐员外在剑南担任张延赏的判官时，忽然被斑蜘蛛咬伤颈部。一夜之间，咬伤处出现两条细如筷子般的红色痕迹，环绕颈部，从胸前延伸至心脏部位。过了两夜，头面部肿胀疼痛，大如数升的碗，腹部也逐渐肿胀，几乎危及生命。张公拿出五百千钱，加上张荐家的财产又数百千钱，招募能治愈的人。忽然有一人响应召令，声称可以治疗。张公非常怀疑，想验证他的药方。那人说：我不吝惜药方，只在乎救治人性命罢了。于是取一大碗蓝汁，将蜘蛛投入其中，蜘蛛随即在汁液中死亡。又取蓝汁加入麝香、雄黄，再投入一只蜘蛛，蜘蛛随即化为水。张公因此感到非常惊奇，便让人将药液点涂在咬伤处。两天后伤口完全平复，结小痂而愈。
【附方】旧方十首，新方七首。
小儿赤痢：捣取青蓝汁二升，分四次服用。（《子母秘录》）
小儿中蛊毒，下血欲死：捣取青蓝汁，频繁服用。（《圣惠方》）
阴阳易病：伤寒初愈，行房事必患拘急之症，手足蜷曲，小腹急热，头不能抬起，名为阴阳易，应当发汗治疗。若满四天则难治：取蓝一把，雄鼠屎三十枚，水煎服，以出汗为度。（《肘后方》）
惊痫发热：干蓝、凝水石各等份。研为末，用水调匀敷于头上。（《圣惠方》）
上气咳嗽，呼吸有声，喉中作响，痰液粘稠：用蓝叶浸水捣汁一升，空腹频繁服用。片刻后用杏仁研汁，煮粥食用。一两日内调养，依前法再次服用，直到痰吐尽才痊愈。（《梅师方》）
飞血赤目热痛：干蓝叶（切碎）二升，车前草半两，淡竹叶（切碎）三握。水四升，煎至二升，去渣温洗。冷了再加热，以痊愈为度。（《圣济总录》）
腹中鳖瘕：蓝叶一斤（捣碎）。用水三升，绞取汁液服用一升，每日二次。（《千金方》）
应声虫病，腹中有物作声，随人语言，名为应声虫病：用板蓝汁一盏。分五次服用，有效。（夏子益《奇疾方》）
卒中水毒：捣取蓝青汁，敷于头部和全身使其覆盖。（《肘后方》）
服药过量致烦闷，以及中毒烦闷欲死：捣取蓝汁服用数升。（《肘后方》）
突然自缢死亡：用蓝汁灌入。（《千金方》）
毒箭伤人：捣碎蓝青汁饮用并外敷。如果没有蓝草，可用青布浸泡汁液饮用。（《肘后方》）
唇边生疮，多年不愈：用八月采收的蓝叶一斤。捣汁清洗，不超过三次即可痊愈。（《千金方》）
牙齿肿痛：紫蓝，烧成灰敷患处，每日五次。（《广济方》）
白头秃疮：粪蓝，煎汁频繁清洗。（《圣济录》）
天泡热疮：蓝叶捣烂敷贴，效果好。（《集简方》）
疮疹不快：板蓝根一两，甘草一分。研为末。每次服用半钱或一钱，取雄鸡冠血三四点，同少量温酒调服。（《钱氏小儿方》）
[Indications] Treats retained blood in women. Roast the whole plant including roots, crush and sieve it, take one qianbi (a small measuring spoon) with wine (Su Song).
Wu Lan (Isatis tinctoria var. wu)
[Properties and Flavors] Bitter, sweet, cold nature, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats alternating chills and fever, headache, red eyes, epidemic heat disorders causing mania, ding sores (carbuncles), wandering wind-heat toxins, swelling/toxins and wind-rash. It removes irritability, quenches thirst, kills intestinal parasites (gan accumulation), resolves toxicity from mineral drugs, wild wolfsbane, aconite poison (she wang), treats bleeding from metal wounds and blood stagnation, venomous thorns, insect and snake bites, epistaxis, hematemesis, expels pus, postpartum syncope due to blood deficiency, high fever in children, and resolves toxicity from mineral drugs, wild wolfsbane, and aconite poison (Da Ming).
[Elucidations] Zhenheng (Zhu Zhenheng) said: Blue plants belong to Water, enabling retained blood to return to the meridians.
Shizhen (Li Shizhen) said: Although various blue plants differ in shape, their properties and flavors are not far apart, thus they can all resolve toxicity and clear heat. Only the leaves of Indigofera tinctoria (Mu Lan) have slightly inferior efficacy, while the seeds of Isatis are specifically used for cultivating Polygonum tinctorium (Liao Lan). As for using indigo paste (Dian) and blue cloth (Qing Bu), these are made by cutting blue plants, soaking them in water, adding alum (Deng Shi) to precipitate the dye. Their properties and flavors cannot but differ somewhat; they should not be generalized as equivalent to fresh blue juice. Someone suffering from vomiting found no relief after taking Yuhu Wan (Jade Pot Pills); however, upon taking blue juice, the vomiting stopped immediately. This is likely due to its ability to kill parasites and descend fire. Such cases must be understood.
Song (Su Song) said: Blue juice treats insect and animal bites. Liu Yuxi recorded this method in *Chuanxin Fang*: Take a large bowl of blue juice, add a small amount of realgar (Xionghuang) and musk (Shexiang), apply to the bite site, and simultaneously drink the juice slowly. The effect is extremely miraculous. Zhang Jian, a commissioner in Jiannan serving under Zhang Yanshang, was suddenly bitten on the neck by a spotted spider. Overnight, two red lines, thin as chopsticks, appeared at the bite site, encircling the neck and extending from the chest to the heart. After two nights, his head and face swelled painfully, as large as several-sheng bowls, and his abdomen gradually swelled, nearly leading to death. Lord Zhang offered five hundred thousand cash plus hundreds of thousands from Zhang Jian's family assets to recruit a healer. Suddenly, a man responded, claiming he could cure it. Lord Zhang doubted him greatly and wanted to verify the prescription. The man said, "I do not withhold the prescription, I only care about saving lives." He then took a large bowl of blue juice, threw a spider into it, and the spider died in the juice. He added musk and realgar to another portion of blue juice, threw in another spider, which instantly dissolved into water. Lord Zhang was greatly amazed and ordered the liquid to be applied to the bite site. Within two days, the swelling subsided completely, leaving only small scabs before healing.
[Attached Prescriptions] Ten old prescriptions, seven new ones.
Pediatric bloody dysentery: Crush fresh blue juice, two sheng, divide into four doses. (*Zimu Milu*)
Pediatric gu poisoning, severe lower bleeding approaching death: Crush fresh blue juice, administer frequently. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Yin-Yang transformation disease: After initial recovery from Cold Damage, sexual intercourse inevitably leads to constraint and stiffness, curled hands and feet, urgent heat in the lower abdomen, inability to lift the head, named Yin-Yang transformation. It should be treated by inducing sweating. If four days pass, it is difficult to treat: Take a handful of blue, thirty male rat feces, decoct in water and drink to induce sweating. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Startled epilepsy with fever: Dry blue leaves and calcined gypsum in equal parts. Grind into powder, mix with water and apply to the head. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Rebellious qi with cough, wheezing sounds, throat noises, sticky saliva: Soak blue leaves in water, crush to obtain one sheng of juice, drink frequently on an empty stomach. Shortly after, grind almonds to extract juice, cook congee and eat. Rest for one or two days, repeat the previous method until phlegm is fully expectorated and the patient recovers. (*Meishi Fang*)
Flying blood red eyes with heat pain: Two sheng of dry blue leaves (chopped), half liang of plantago herb (Cheqiancao), three handfuls of light bamboo leaf (Dan Zhuye, chopped). Four sheng of water, decoct to two sheng, remove dregs, wash with warm liquid. Re-warm if cooled, continue until healed. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Abdominal biema mass: One jin of blue leaves (crushed). Three sheng of water, wring out juice, take one sheng, twice daily. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Echoing worm disease, where a creature in the abdomen makes sounds following human speech, named Echoing Worm Disease: Use one cup of Banlangen juice. Divide into five doses, effective. (*Xia Zi Yi, Qiji Fang*)
Sudden water toxin poisoning: Crush blue juice, apply to head and body to cover completely. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Overdose of medication causing oppression and distress, or poisoning causing extreme oppression and distress: Crush and drink several sheng of blue juice. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Sudden death by hanging: Irrigate with blue juice. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Poisonous arrow injury: Crush blue juice, drink and apply externally. If blue is unavailable, soak blue cloth to extract juice and drink. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Sores on the lips persisting for years without healing: One jin of blue leaves harvested in August. Crush to extract juice, wash the area. Healing occurs within no more than three applications. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Tooth swelling and pain: Burn purple blue to ash, apply to the site, five times daily. (*Guangji Fang*)
White-headed tinea capitis: Decoct fecal-indigo juice, wash frequently. (*Shengji Lu*)
Tianpao heat blisters: Crush blue leaves and apply topically, good results. (*Jijian Fang*)
Slow-healing sores and rashes: One liang of Isatis root (Banlangen), one fen of licorice root (Gancao). Grind into powder. Take half a qian or one qian per dose, mix with three or four drops of rooster comb blood and a little warm wine to swallow. (*Qianshi Xia'er Fang*)