（《别录》上品）
【释名】 鱼（《礼记》。音考）、萧
时珍曰；鲍，即今之干鱼
之萧折，皆以萧蒿承
曰法鱼，曰
今俗通呼曰干鱼。旧注混淆不明，令并削正于下。
【集解】《别录》曰∶鲍鱼辛臭，勿令中咸。
弘景曰∶俗人以盐 成，名 鱼，
药者，正何种鱼也？方家亦少用之。
恭曰∶李当之言∶以绳穿贯而胸中湿者良。盖以鱼去肠绳穿，淡曝
鱼肥则中湿而弥臭似尸气，无盐故也。若
，臭亦与鲍不同，湿亦非独胸中，以有盐故也。二者，杂鱼皆可为之。
颂曰∶今汉、沔所
最臭，秦始皇车中乱臭者是此。然无的据。
时珍曰∶《别录》既云勿令中咸，即是淡鱼无疑矣。诸注反自多事。
按∶《周礼注》云∶鲍鱼，以鱼置 室中用糗干之而成。 室，土室也。张
云∶汉阳、武昌多鱼，土人剖之，不用盐，曝干作淡鱼，载至江西卖之。饶、信人饮食祭享，
无此则非盛礼。虽臭腐可恶，而更以为奇。据此则鲍即淡鱼，益可证矣。但古今治法不同耳。
又苏氏所谓海中一种鲍鱼，岂顾野王所载海中 鱼似鲍者耶？不然，即今之白鲞也。鲞亦干
鱼之总称也。又今淮人以鲫作淡法鱼颇佳。入药亦当以石首鲫鱼者为胜。若汉、沔所造者，
鱼性不一，恐非所宜。其咸鱼近时亦有用者，因附之。
【正误】保升曰∶ 鱼口小背黄者，名鲍鱼。
时珍曰∶按 鱼注所引，是 鱼，非鲍鱼也，盖 、鲍字误耳。
肉
【气味】辛，臭，温，无毒。
时珍曰∶李九华云∶妊妇食之，令子多疾。
【主治】坠堕 （与腿同）。
蹶（厥） 折，瘀血、血痹在四肢不散者，女子崩中血不止（《别录》）。煮汁，治女子
血枯病伤
【附方】旧一。
妊娠感寒腹痛∶干鱼一枚烧灰，酒服方寸匕，取汗瘥。（《子母秘录》）
头
【主治】煮汁，治眯目。烧灰，疗疔肿瘟气（时珍）。
【附方】新三。
杂物眯目∶鲍鱼头二枚，地肤子半合，水煮烂。取汁注目中，即出。（《圣惠》）
鱼脐疔疮∶似新火针疮，四边赤，中央黑。可针刺之，若不大痛，即杀人也。用腊月鱼
头灰、发灰等分，以鸡溏屎和，涂之。（
预辟瘟疫∶鲍鱼头烧灰方寸匕，合小豆七枚末，米饮服之，令瘟疫气不相染也。（《肘
后方》）
鱼
【气味】咸，温，无毒。
【主治】小儿头疮出脓水。以麻油煎熟，取油频涂（时珍）。
穿鲍绳
【主治】眯目去刺，煮汁洗之，大良（苏恭）。
（《名医别录》列为上品）
【释名】 鲑鱼（出自《礼记》，读音为“考”）、萧。
李时珍说：鲍，就是现在的干鱼中的“萧折”，都是用蒿草垫着制作的，叫做法鱼，叫做……现在民间通称为干鱼。旧的注释混淆不清，现在一并纠正如下。
【集解】 《名医别录》说：鲍鱼气味辛而臭，不要让其中含有盐分。
陶弘景说：俗人用盐腌制做成，名叫……鱼，作为药材的，究竟是哪一种鱼？医家中也很少使用它。
苏恭说：李当之的话：用绳子穿起来，胸腹部位湿润的是好药。大概是因为去掉鱼肠后用绳子穿过，在淡晒的过程中，鱼肥则中间湿润且更加臭，类似尸体的气味，因为没有盐的缘故。如果……，臭味也与鲍鱼不同，湿润也不仅仅在胸部，因为有盐的缘故。这两种情况，杂鱼都可以制作。
苏颂说：现在汉水、沔水所产的……最臭，秦始皇车中散发乱臭的就是这种。然而没有确凿的证据。
李时珍说：《名医别录》既然说不要让其中含有盐分，那就是淡鱼无疑了。各种注释反而多此一举。
按：《周礼注》说：鲍鱼，是将鱼放置在……室中，用炒熟的米粉干燥而成。……室，是土室。张华说：汉阳、武昌多鱼，当地人剖开它们，不用盐，晒干做成淡鱼，运到江西去卖。饶州、信州的人在饮食祭祀时，如果没有这个就不算盛大的礼节。虽然臭腐令人厌恶，但更认为它是奇物。据此则鲍就是淡鱼，更加可以证明了。只是古今的治疗方法不同罢了。
又苏氏所说的海中一种鲍鱼，难道是顾野王所载的海中……鱼像鲍鱼那样的吗？不然，就是现在的白鲞。鲞也是干鱼的总称。又现在淮地人用鲫鱼做成淡法鱼很不错。入药也应当以石首鱼和鲫鱼制作的为佳。如果是汉水、沔水所制造的，鱼性不一，恐怕不适合。咸鱼近来也有使用的，因此附记在这里。
【正误】 雷敩说：……鱼口小背黄者，名叫鲍鱼。
李时珍说：按……鱼注中所引用的，是……鱼，不是鲍鱼，大概是……、鲍字弄错了。
【气味】 辛，臭，温，无毒。
李时珍说：李九华说：孕妇吃了它，会使孩子多病。
【主治】 跌打损伤（与腿同义）。
厥逆骨折，瘀血、血痹在四肢不散者，女子崩漏出血不止（《名医别录》）。煮汁，治疗女子
血枯病伤
【附方】 旧方一。
妊娠感寒腹痛：干鱼一枚烧成灰，用酒送服方寸匕，出汗后痊愈。（《子母秘录》）
头
【主治】 煮汁，治疗异物入眼。烧成灰，治疗疔肿瘟气（李时珍）。
【附方】 新方三。
杂物眯目：鲍鱼头二枚，地肤子半合，用水煮烂。取汁滴入眼中，异物即出。（《圣惠方》）
鱼脐疔疮：像刚用火针烫过的疮，四边红，中间黑。可以用针刺破，如果不怎么痛，就会致死。用腊月鱼
头灰、头发灰各等分，用鸡粪调和，涂抹患处。（……）
预防瘟疫：鲍鱼头烧成灰一方寸匕，配合捣碎的小豆七枚，用米汤送服，使瘟疫之气不互相传染。（《肘后备急方》）
……鱼
【气味】 咸，温，无毒。
【主治】 小儿头疮流脓水。用麻油煎熟，取油频繁涂抹（李时珍）。
穿鲍绳
【主治】 异物入眼去刺，煮汁清洗，效果很好（苏恭）。
(Recorded as a Superior Grade in *Mingyi Bielu*)
**[Names]** Gui (from *Liji*, pronounced "kao"), Xiao.
Li Shizhen states: Bao refers to the dried fish known as "Xiao Zhe" in current times, which are all prepared by lining with mugwort (*Artemisia argyi*). They are called Fa Yu or... now commonly referred to as dried fish. Previous annotations were confusing and unclear; these are corrected below.
**[Collection & Explanation]** *Mingyi Bielu* states: Bao fish has a pungent odor and should not contain salt.
Tao Hongjing states: Common people preserve it with salt, naming it... fish. As for medicinal use, what specific type of fish is it? Medical practitioners rarely use it.
Su Gong states: According to Li Dangzhi: Fish threaded with rope that are moist in the chest/abdomen area are superior. This is likely because after removing the entrails and threading with rope, during light sun-drying, if the fish is fat, the center becomes moist and emits a stronger odor resembling corpse flesh, due to the absence of salt. If [salt is used], the odor differs from Bao fish, and moisture is not limited to the chest, due to the presence of salt. Both types can be made from miscellaneous fish.
Su Song states: The ... produced in the Han and Mian rivers is the most odorous; this is what caused the chaotic stench in Qin Shi Huang's carriage. However, there is no definitive evidence.
Li Shizhen states: Since *Mingyi Bielu* states "do not let it contain salt," it is undoubtedly fresh-dried fish (unsalted). Various annotations are superfluous.
Note: *Zhouli Zhu* states: Bao fish is made by placing fish in a ... chamber and drying them with roasted flour. The ... chamber is an earthen room. Zhang Hua states: Hanyang and Wuchang have abundant fish; locals gut them, do not use salt, dry them to make unsalted fish, and transport them to Jiangxi for sale. In Rao and Xin regions, such fish are essential for dietary sacrifices; without them, it is not considered a grand ceremony. Although the putrid smell is repulsive, it is regarded as a delicacy. This confirms that Bao is indeed unsalted dried fish. Only the therapeutic methods differ between ancient and modern times.
Furthermore, the Bao fish mentioned by Su Shi in the sea—could it be the ... fish resembling a clam mentioned by Gu Yewang? Or perhaps it refers to the current Bai Xiang (white dried fish). Xiang is also a general term for dried fish. Currently, people in Huai region prepare unsalted fish using crucian carp (*Carassius auratus*), which is quite good. For medicinal use, those made from Sciaenidae (*Coilia nasus*) or crucian carp are superior. Those made in the Han and Mian rivers vary in fish nature and may not be suitable. Salted fish are also used recently, so they are appended here.
**[Correction of Errors]** Lei Xiao states: ... fish with small mouths and yellow backs are named Bao fish.
Li Shizhen states: According to the annotation for ... fish cited, this is ... fish, not Bao fish; it is likely a character error between ... and Bao.
**[Flavor & Toxicity]** Pungent, foul-smelling, warm, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen states: Li Jihua says: If pregnant women consume it, it will cause the child to suffer from frequent illnesses.
**[Indications]** Traumatic injuries (same as leg injuries).
Traumatic fractures, blood stasis, and blood bi (obstruction) in the limbs that do not dissipate; metrorrhagia and continuous uterine bleeding in women (*Mingyi Bielu*). Decoction treats female blood-kw deficiency injury.
**[Prescriptions]** One old prescription.
Cold-induced abdominal pain during pregnancy: Burn one piece of dried fish to ash, take with wine using a "fang cun bi" measure, induce sweating for recovery (*Zimu Milu*).
Head
**[Indications]** Decoction treats foreign bodies in the eye. Ash treats carbuncles and pestilential qi (Li Shizhen).
**[Prescriptions]** Three new prescriptions.
Foreign body in the eye: Two Bao fish heads, half he of Kochia scoparia fruit (*Kochiae Fructus*), boil in water until soft. Take the juice and instill into the eyes; the object will exit (*Shenghui Fang*).
Fish-umbilical carbuncle: Resembles a fresh fire-needle burn, red on four sides, black in the center. It can be pricked with a needle; if it does not hurt much, it may be fatal. Use equal parts of ash from fish heads collected in the twelfth lunar month and hair ash, mix with chicken manure, and apply topically (...).
Prevention of pestilence: One fang cun bi of ash from burned Bao fish heads, mixed with seven crushed adzuki beans (*Vigna angularis*), taken with rice gruel to prevent transmission of pestilential qi (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
... Fish
**[Flavor & Toxicity]** Salty, warm, non-toxic.
**[Indications]** Pediatric scalp sores discharging pus and water. Fry in sesame oil (*Sesami Oleum*) until cooked, take the oil and apply frequently (Li Shizhen).
**Bao-Threading Rope**
**[Indications]** Removes foreign bodies/spicules from the eye; wash with decoction, highly effective (Su Gong).