（音酋。《纲目》）
【释名】泥鳅（俗名）、 鱼（《尔雅》）。
时珍曰∶按∶陆佃云∶鳅性酋健，好动善扰，故名。小者名KT 鱼。孙炎云∶ 者，
寻习其泥也。
【集解】时珍曰∶海鳅生海中，极大。江鳅生江中，长七、八寸。泥鳅生湖池，最小，
长三、四寸，沉于泥中。状微似鳝而小，锐首圆身，青黑色，无鳞。以涎自染，滑疾难握。
与他鱼牝牡，故《庄子》云“鳅与鱼游”。生沙中者微有文采。闽、广人 去脊骨，作
甚美。《相感志》云∶灯心煮 甚妙。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
弘景曰∶不可合白犬血食。一云凉。
【主治】暖中益气，醒酒，解消渴（时珍）。同米粉煮
【附方】新五。
消渴饮水∶用泥鳅鱼（十头阴干，去头尾，烧灰）、干荷叶等分。为末。每服二钱，新
汲
水调下，日三。名沃焦散。（《普济方》）
喉中物哽∶用生鳅鱼，线牢缚其头，以尾先入喉中，牵拽出之。（《普济方》）
揩牙乌髭∶泥鳅
入瓦罐内，盐泥固济
阳事不起∶泥鳅煮食之。（《集简方》）
牛狗羸瘦∶取鳅鱼一、二枚，从口鼻送入，立肥也。（陈藏器）
（音 。《拾遗》）
【校正】时珍曰∶《食疗》黄鱼系重出，今并为一。
【释名】黄鱼（《食疗》）、蜡鱼（《御览》）、
时珍曰∶ 肥而不善游，有 如之象。曰黄曰蜡，言其脂色也。玉版，言其肉色也。《异
物志》名含光，言其脂肉夜有光也。《饮膳正要》云∶辽
【集解】藏器曰∶ 长二、三丈，纯灰色，体有三行甲。逆上龙门，
时珍曰∶ 出江淮、黄河、辽海深水处，无鳞大鱼也。其状似鲟，其色灰白，其背有骨
甲三行，其鼻长有须，其口近颔下，其尾歧。其出也，以三月逆水而生。其居也，在矶石湍
流之间。其食也，张口接物听其自入，食而不饮，蟹鱼多误入之。昔人所谓“ 鲔岫居”，
世
俗所谓“鲟
一钩着身，动而护痛，诸钩皆着。船游数日，待其困惫，方敢掣取。其小者近百斤。其大者
长二、三丈，至一、二千斤。其气甚腥。其脂与肉层层相间，肉色白，脂色黄如蜡。其脊骨
及鼻，并 与鳃，皆脆软可食。其肚及子盐藏亦佳，其鳔亦可作胶。其肉骨煮炙及作 皆美。
《翰墨大全》云∶江淮人以鲟
肉
【气味】甘，平，有小毒。
诜曰∶发气动风，发疮疥。和荞麦食，令人失音。
宁源曰∶味极肥美，楚人尤重之。多食，生热痰。作 奇绝，亦不益人。
时珍曰∶服荆芥药，不可食。
【主治】利五脏，肥美人。多食，难克化
肝
【气味】无毒。
【主治】恶疮疥癣。勿以盐炙食（藏器）。
（音“酋”。出自《本草纲目》）
【释名】泥鳅（民间俗称）、鲦鱼（出自《尔雅》）。
李时珍说：据陆佃记载：鳅性情刚健，喜欢活动且善于搅扰，因此得名。小的称为KT鱼。孙炎说：KT的意思是习惯于在泥中活动。
【集解】李时珍说：海鳅生长在海中，体型极大。江鳅生长在江河中，长度七、八寸。泥鳅生长在湖泊池塘中，体型最小，长度三、四寸，潜伏在泥中。形状略微像黄鳝但较小，头部尖锐身体圆润，呈青黑色，无鳞片。它分泌黏液涂抹全身，滑溜难以握住。它与其它鱼类雌雄交配，所以《庄子》中说“鳅与鱼游”。生长在沙中的鳅鱼带有轻微的纹路。福建、广东地区的人去掉脊骨，烹饪后味道很美。《相感志》记载：用灯心草煮食非常奇妙。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
陶弘景说：不可与白犬血同食。另一种说法认为其性凉。
【主治】温暖中焦，补益元气，醒酒，消除消渴症状（李时珍观点）。可与米粉一起煮食。
【附方】新收录五首。
治疗消渴多饮：取泥鳅鱼（十头阴干，去头尾，烧成灰）、干荷叶各等份。研为细末。每次服用二钱，用新汲取的冷水调服，每日三次。此方名为沃焦散。（出自《普济方》）
治疗喉中异物梗阻：取活鳅鱼，用线牢固绑住其头部，让尾部先进入喉中，牵拉将其取出。（出自《普济方》）
擦拭牙齿使胡须变黑：将泥鳅放入瓦罐内，用盐泥密封固定。
治疗阳事不举：煮食泥鳅。（出自《集简方》）
治疗牛狗瘦弱：取一、二枚鳅鱼，从口鼻送入，立刻就能使其肥壮。（陈藏器记载）
（音“ ”。出自《本草拾遗》）
【校正】李时珍说：《食疗》中记载的黄鱼属于重复收录，现在合并为一项。
【释名】黄鱼（出自《食疗》）、蜡鱼（出自《太平御览》）、
李时珍说： 鱼肥壮但不善游泳，有 鱼的形态特征。称其为黄或蜡，是指其脂肪的颜色。称玉版，是指其肉色。《异物志》称之为含光，是指其脂肉夜间发光。《饮膳正要》记载：辽地……
【集解】陈藏器说： 鱼长二、三丈，纯灰色，体侧有三行甲片。逆流而上龙门，
李时珍说： 鱼出产于江淮、黄河、辽海深水处，是无鳞的大鱼。其形状像鲟鱼，颜色灰白，背部有三行骨甲，鼻子长有须，嘴巴靠近下巴下方，尾巴分叉。它们在三月份逆流而生。栖息在矶石湍流之间。进食时张口接物，听任食物自行进入，只吃水中之物而不饮水，蟹鱼常误入其中。古人所说的“ 鲔岫居”，即世俗所谓的“鲟 ……”。
一旦钩住身体，它会因疼痛而剧烈挣扎，导致其他钩子也挂住。船只跟随数日，等待其疲惫不堪，才敢拉取。小的近百斤，大的长二、三丈，重达一、二千斤。气味很腥。脂肪与肉层层相间，肉色白，脂肪色黄如蜡。其脊骨及鼻子，连同 和鳃，都脆软可食用。其肚子和鱼子盐腌也很好吃，其鱼鳔也可制成胶。其肉和骨头煮熟、烤制或制作 都很美味。《翰墨大全》记载：江淮人用鲟 ……肉……
【气味】味甘，性平，有小毒。
孟诜说：动气生风，诱发疮疥。与荞麦同食，令人失音。
宁源说：味道极肥美，楚地人尤其重视。多食会生热痰。制作 奇绝，但也无益于人。
李时珍说：服用荆芥药物期间，不可食用。
(Sound "qiu". From *Bencao Gangmu* [Compendium of Materia Medica])
[Names] Loach (common name), Tiao fish (from *Erya*).
Li Shizhen states: According to Lu Tian, the loach is vigorous in nature, active and prone to disturbance, hence its name. The small ones are called KT fish. Sun Yan says: KT means accustomed to moving in mud.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen states: Sea loaches live in the sea and are very large. River loaches live in rivers and are seven or eight inches long. Mud loaches live in lakes and ponds, are the smallest, three or four inches long, and burrow into the mud. They resemble eels slightly but are smaller, with pointed heads and round bodies, dark greenish-black in color, and scaleless. They coat themselves with mucus, making them slippery and difficult to hold. They mate with other fish, which is why *Zhuangzi* says, "Loaches swim with fish." Those living in sand have slight patterns. People in Fujian and Guangdong remove the backbone and cook them, resulting in excellent taste. *Xianggan Zhi* records that boiling them with Juncus effusus (rush pith) is wonderful.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Tao Hongjing states: Do not consume with white dog blood. Another view holds it to be cool in nature.
[Indications] Warms the middle jiao, benefits qi, revives from intoxication, resolves xiaoke (wasting-thirst syndrome) (Li Shizhen). Can be boiled with rice flour.
[Attached Prescriptions] Five new prescriptions.
For xiaoke with excessive drinking: Take ten mud loaches, dry them in the shade, remove heads and tails, and burn to ash; mix with equal parts of dried lotus leaves. Grind into powder. Take two qian each time, mixed with fresh cold water, three times a day. This formula is named Wujiao San (Scorching Charcoal Powder) (*Puji Fang*).
For foreign body stuck in throat: Use a live loach, tie its head firmly with thread, insert the tail first into the throat, and pull it out to extract the obstruction (*Puji Fang*).
To blacken beard while brushing teeth: Place mud loaches in a clay jar, seal tightly with salt mud.
For impotence: Boil and eat mud loaches (*Jijian Fang*).
For emaciation in cattle and dogs: Insert one or two loaches through the mouth and nose; this will immediately fatten them (Chen Cangqi).
(Sound " ". From *Bencao Shiyi*)
[Correction] Li Shizhen states: The yellow croaker recorded in *Shiliao* is a duplicate entry; now merged into one.
[Names] Yellow croaker (from *Shiliao*), Wax fish (from *Taiping Yulan*),
Li Shizhen states: The Acipenser is fat but poor at swimming, resembling the shape of ... It is called yellow or wax referring to the color of its fat. Called Jade Plate referring to the color of its meat. *Yiwu Zhi* names it Hanguang (Containing Light), referring to its fat and meat glowing at night. *Yinshan Zhengyao* records: Liaodong...
[Collection and Explanation] Chen Cangqi states: The Acipenser is two or three zhang long, pure gray, with three rows of scutes on its body. Swimming upstream against Longmen,
Li Shizhen states: The Acipenser is found in deep waters of Jianghuai, Yellow River, and Liaohai; it is a large scaleless fish. Its shape resembles the sturgeon, color gray-white, with three rows of bony plates on its back, long snout with barbels, mouth located near the chin, and forked tail. They spawn by swimming upstream in March. They inhabit rocky rapids. They feed by opening their mouths to catch food that enters spontaneously; they do not drink water, and crabs/fish often enter mistakenly. Ancient texts refer to this as "... residing in caves", commonly known as "Sturgeon...".
Once hooked, it struggles due to pain, causing other hooks to snag. The boat follows for days until the fish is exhausted before hauling it up. Small ones weigh nearly one hundred jin; large ones are two to three zhang long, weighing one to two thousand jin. The odor is strongly fishy. Fat and meat are layered; meat is white, fat is yellow like wax. The spine, snout, and gills are crisp and edible. The belly and roe are good when salted; the swim bladder can be made into glue. Meat and bones are delicious when boiled, roasted, or prepared as ... *Hanmo Daquan* records: People in Jianghuai use sturgeon ... meat ...
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, slightly toxic.
Meng Shen states: Agitates qi and generates wind, triggers sores and scabies. Consuming with buckwheat causes loss of voice.
Ning Yuan states: Extremely flavorful and rich; people in Chu value it highly. Excessive consumption generates phlegm-heat. Preparation as ... is exquisite but offers no health benefit.
Li Shizhen states: Do not consume while taking Schizonepeta (Jingjie) medicine.
[Indications] Promotes the function of the five zang organs, promotes beauty and plumpness. Excessive consumption leads to indigestion.
Liver...
[Flavor and Properties] Non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats malignant sores, scabies, and tinea. Do not consume if roasted with salt (Chen Cangqi).