（《图经》）
【校正】原附梨下，今分出。
【释名】鼠梨（《诗疏》）、山梨（《毛诗》）、杨 （《尔雅》）、罗。
时珍曰∶《尔雅》云∶ ，罗也。其木有纹如罗，故名。《诗》云∶隰有树 。毛苌注
云∶ ，一名赤罗，一名山梨，一名树梨。今人谓之杨 。陆机《诗疏》云∶ ，即鹿梨也
，一名鼠梨。
【集解】颂曰∶江宁府信州一种小梨，名鹿梨，叶如茶，根如小拇指。彼人取皮治疮，
八月采之。近处亦有，但采实作干，不知入药也。
时珍曰∶山梨，野梨也，处处有之。梨大如杏，可食。其木纹细密，赤者纹急，白者纹
缓。按∶陆机云∶鹿梨，齐郡尧山、鲁国、河内皆有，人亦种之。实似梨而酢，亦有美脆者
。
实
【气味】酸，涩，寒，无毒。
【主治】煨食治痢（苏颂）。
根皮
【气味】同实。
【主治】疮疥，煎汁洗之（苏颂）。
【附方】新二。
一切疮∶鹿梨散∶用鹿梨根、蛇床子各半斤，真剪草四两，硫黄三钱，轻粉一钱。为末。
麻油调敷之。小儿涂于绢衣上着之，七日不解，自愈。（《仁存方》）
一切癣∶鹿梨根，刮皮捣烂，醋和麻布包擦之。干者为末，以水和捣。（唐瑶《经验方》）
（《纲目》）
【释名】甘棠。
时珍曰∶《尔雅》云∶杜，甘棠也。赤者杜，白者棠。或云∶牝曰杜，牡曰棠。或云∶
涩者杜，甘者棠。杜者涩也，棠者糖也。三说俱通，末说近是。
【集解】时珍曰∶棠梨，野梨也。处处山林有之。树似梨而小。叶似苍术叶，亦有团者
，三叉者，叶边皆有锯齿，色颇黪白。二月开白花，结实如小楝子大，霜后可食。其树接梨
甚嘉。有甘酢、赤白二种。按∶陆机《诗疏》云∶白棠，甘棠也，子多酸美而滑。赤棠子涩
而酢，木理亦赤，可作弓材。《救荒本草》云∶其叶味微苦，嫩时炸熟，水浸淘净，油、盐
调食，或蒸晒代茶。其花亦可炸食，或晒干磨面，作烧饼食，以济饥。又杨慎《丹铅录》
言∶尹伯奇采 花以济饥。注者言∶ ，即山梨，乃今棠梨也。未知是否？
实
【气味】酸、甘，涩，寒，无毒。
【主治】烧食，止滑痢（时珍）。
枝叶
【气味】同实。
【主治】霍乱吐泻不止，转筋腹痛，取一握，同木瓜二两煎汁，细呷之（时珍。《圣惠
方》）。
【附方】新一。
反胃吐食∶棠梨叶，油炒，去刺，为末。每旦酒服一钱。（《山居四要》）
（《本草图经》）
【校正】原附在梨条之下，现在将其分出。
【释名】鼠梨（出自《毛诗正义》）、山梨（出自《毛诗》）、杨檖（出自《尔雅》）、罗檖。
李时珍说：《尔雅》记载：“檖，就是罗檖。”它的木纹像罗纹一样，所以得名。《诗经》记载：“低湿之地有树檖。”毛苌注释说：“檖，又名赤罗，又名山梨，又名树梨。”现在的人叫它杨檖。陆机在《毛诗正义》中说：“檖，就是鹿梨，又名鼠梨。”
【集解】苏颂说：江宁府和信州有一种小梨，名叫鹿梨，叶子像茶树叶，根像小拇指粗细。当地人采集树皮治疗疮疡，在八月采收。附近地区也有，但人们只采摘果实做成干果，不知道可以入药。
李时珍说：山梨，是野生的梨，到处都有。果实大如杏子，可以吃。它的木纹细密，红色的纹理急促，白色的纹理舒缓。据考证：陆机说：鹿梨，齐郡尧山、鲁国、河内等地都有，人们也种植它。果实像梨但味道酸，也有美味脆嫩的。
【实部气味】酸，涩，寒，无毒。
【实部主治】煨熟食用可治疗痢疾（苏颂）。
【根皮部气味】与果实相同。
【根皮部主治】疮疥，煎汁外洗（苏颂）。
【附方】新增二则。
一切疮疡：鹿梨散：用鹿梨根、蛇床子各半斤，真剪草四两，硫黄三钱，轻粉一钱。研为末。用麻油调敷患处。小儿涂在绢衣上穿着，七日不愈，也会自愈。（出自《仁存方》）
一切癣症：鹿梨根，刮去外皮捣烂，用醋调和麻布包裹擦拭患处。若制成干粉，则用水调和捣碎使用。（唐瑶《经验方》）
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】甘棠。
李时珍说：《尔雅》记载：“杜，就是甘棠。”红色的是杜，白色的是棠。有人说：雌树叫杜，雄树叫棠。有人说：味涩的叫杜，味甘的叫棠。杜的意思是涩，棠的意思是糖。三种说法都通顺，最后一种说法比较接近事实。
【集解】李时珍说：棠梨，是野生的梨。各处山林都有。树木像梨树但较小。叶子像苍术叶，也有圆形的，有三叉的，叶边都有锯齿，颜色颇显灰白。二月开白花，结成果实如小楝子大小，霜降后可食用。这种树嫁接梨树效果很好。有酸甜、赤白两种。据考证：陆机《毛诗正义》说：白棠，就是甘棠，果实多酸美而滑。赤棠果实涩而酸，木质也是红色的，可做弓材。《救荒本草》说：其叶味微苦，嫩时炸熟，用水浸泡淘净，用油、盐调味食用，或蒸晒后代替茶。其花也可炸食，或晒干磨面，做烧饼吃，以救济饥荒。又杨慎《丹铅录》说：尹伯奇采集棠梨花来救济饥荒。注解说：棠梨，就是山梨，即现在的棠梨。不知是否准确？
【实部气味】酸、甘，涩，寒，无毒。
【实部主治】烧熟食用，可止住滑泄性痢疾（李时珍）。
【枝叶部气味】与果实相同。
【枝叶部主治】霍乱吐泻不止，转筋腹痛，取一把，同木瓜二两煎汁，细细饮用（李时珍，《圣惠方》）。
(From *Bencao Tujing*)
[Correction] Originally appended under the entry for Pear, now separated.
[Names] Shuli (from *Mao Shi Zhengyi*), Shanli (from *Mao Shi*), Yangsui (from *Erya*), Luosui.
Li Shizhen says: *Erya* states: "Sui is Luosui." Its wood grain resembles a net pattern, hence the name. The *Classic of Poetry* states: "In the lowlands there are trees called Sui." Mao Chang's commentary notes: "Sui is also known as Chilu, Shanli, and Shuli." People today call it Yangsui. Lu Ji in his commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* states: "Sui is Luli, also known as Shuli."
[Collection of Explanations] Su Song says: In Jiangning Prefecture and Xinzhou, there is a small pear named Luli. Its leaves resemble those of tea, and its roots are as thick as a small thumb. Local people harvest the bark to treat sores, collecting it in the eighth month. It is also found in nearby areas, but people only pick the fruit to make dried snacks, unaware of its medicinal use.
Li Shizhen says: Shanli is a wild pear, found everywhere. The fruit is as large as an apricot and edible. Its wood grain is fine and dense; red-grained wood has tight patterns, while white-grained wood has looser patterns. According to records: Lu Ji stated that Luli grows in Yao Mountain of Qi Commandery, Lu State, and Henei, and is cultivated by people. The fruit resembles a pear but is sour, though some varieties are delicious and crisp.
[Fruit Properties and Actions]
[Flavor and Nature] Sour, astringent, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Baked and eaten to treat dysentery (Su Song).
[Root Bark Properties and Actions]
[Flavor and Nature] Same as the fruit.
[Indications] Sores and scabies; decocted juice applied externally (Su Song).
[Supplementary Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
For all types of sores: Luli Powder. Use half a jin of Luli root and Cnidium Fruit (Shechuangzi), four liang of Zhenjianscao, three qian of Sulfur, and one qian of Calomelas. Grind into powder. Mix with sesame oil and apply topically. For children, apply onto silk garments to wear; if not resolved in seven days, it will heal spontaneously. (From *Ren Cun Fang*)
For all types of tinea: Luli root, scrape off the bark, pound into a paste, mix with vinegar, wrap in hemp cloth, and rub on the affected area. If made into powder, mix with water and pound before use. (Tang Yao, *Experience Prescription*)
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Name] Gantang.
Li Shizhen says: *Erya* states: "Du is Gantang." Red ones are Du, white ones are Tang. Some say: Female trees are Du, male trees are Tang. Others say: Astringent ones are Du, sweet ones are Tang. 'Du' implies astringency, 'Tang' implies sugar. All three explanations are valid, but the last one is closer to the truth.
[Collection of Explanations] Li Shizhen says: Gantangli is a wild pear found in forests and mountains everywhere. The tree resembles a pear tree but is smaller. Leaves resemble those of Atractylodes macrocephala, some round, some trifoliate, with serrated edges, appearing somewhat grayish-white. White flowers bloom in the second lunar month; fruits form, about the size of small Chinaberry seeds, edible after frost. This tree grafts well with pear trees. There are two varieties: sweet/sour and red/white. According to records: Lu Ji's commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* states: White Tang is Gantang; its fruits are sour, sweet, and slippery. Red Tang fruits are astringent and sour, and the wood is red, suitable for making bows. *Jiu Huang Ben Cao* states: The leaves have a slightly bitter taste; when tender, they can be blanched, soaked in water, rinsed clean, and seasoned with oil and salt, or steamed and dried to replace tea. The flowers can also be blanched and eaten, or dried, ground into flour, and used to make baked cakes to relieve famine. Yang Shen's *Danqian Lu* mentions that Yin Boqi collected Gantang flowers to relieve famine. Commentators state that Gantangli is Shanli, i.e., current Gantangli. Whether this is accurate remains unknown.
[Fruit Properties and Actions]
[Flavor and Nature] Sour, sweet, astringent, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Burned and eaten to stop watery dysentery (Li Shizhen).
[Branches and Leaves Properties and Actions]
[Flavor and Nature] Same as the fruit.
[Indications] Cholera-like syndrome with persistent vomiting and diarrhea, muscle cramps, and abdominal pain; take one handful, decoct with two liang of Chaenomeles Fruit (Mugua), drink the juice slowly (Li Shizhen, *Shenghui Fang*).
[Supplementary Prescriptions] One new prescription.
For regurgitation and vomiting: Gantangli leaves, stir-fry with oil, remove spines, grind into powder. Take one qian with wine every morning. (*Shan Ju Si Yao*)