（《拾遗》）
【释名】赤珠。
颂曰∶龙葵子赤者名赤珠，象形也。
【集解】甄权曰∶龙葵，赤珠者，名龙珠，
藏器曰∶龙珠生道旁，子圆似龙葵，但熟时正赤耳。
时珍曰∶龙珠、龙葵，虽以子之黑赤分别，其实一物二色，强分为二也。
苗
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】能变白发，令人不睡。主诸热毒，石气发动，调中解烦（藏器）。
【发明】权曰∶龙珠，服之变白令黑，耐老。若能生食得苦者，不食他菜，十日后即有
灵异也。不与葱、薤同啖。根亦入药用。
子
【气味】同菜。
【主治】疔肿（藏器）。
（《本经》中品）
【校正】菜部苦耽，草部酸浆、灯笼草，俱并为一。
【释名】醋浆（《本经》）、苦 （音针）、苦耽（《嘉 》）、灯笼草（《唐本》）
草（《食疗》）、天泡草（《纲
目》）、王母珠（《嘉 》）、洛神珠（同上），
也。郭璞注云∶即今酸浆，江
东人呼为苦 。小者为苦 ，亦呼为小苦耽
弁，其子圆如珠。时珍曰∶
酸浆，以子之味名也。苦 、苦耽，以苗之味名也。灯笼、皮弁，以角之形名也。
王母、洛神珠，以子之形名也。按∶杨慎《卮言》云∶本草灯笼草、苦耽、酸浆，皆一
物也。修本草者非一时一人，故重复耳。燕京野果名红姑娘，外垂绛囊，中含赤子如珠，酸
甘可食，盈盈绕砌，与翠草同芳，亦自可爱。盖姑娘乃瓜囊之讹，古者瓜姑同音，娘囊之音
亦相近耳。此说得之，故今以《本经》酸浆，《唐本草》灯笼草、宋《嘉 本草》苦耽，俱
并为一焉。
【集解】《别录》曰∶酸浆，生荆楚川泽及人家田园中，五月采，阴干。
弘景曰∶酸浆处处多有，苗似水茄而小，叶亦可食。子作房，房中有子如梅李大，皆黄
赤色，小儿食之。
保升曰∶酸浆即苦 也，根如菹芹，白色绝苦。
禹锡曰∶苦耽生故墟垣堑间，高二、三尺，子作角，如撮口袋，中有子如珠，熟则赤
色。关中人谓之洛神珠，一名王母珠，一名皮弁草。一种小者名苦 。《尔
恭曰∶灯笼草所在有之，枝干高三、四尺，有红花状若灯笼，内有红子可爱，根、茎、花、
实并入药用。
宗 曰∶酸浆即苦耽也，《嘉 》重出苦耽条。天下有之，苗如天茄子，开小白花，结
青壳，熟则深红，壳中子大如樱，亦红色，樱中复有细子，如落苏之子，食之有青草气也。
时珍曰∶龙葵、酸浆，一类二种也。酸浆、苦 ，一种二物也。但大者
苦，以此为别。败酱亦名苦 ，与此不同。其龙葵、酸浆苗叶一样。但
月入秋开小白花，五出黄蕊，结子无壳，累累数颗同枝，子有蒂盖，生青熟紫黑。其酸浆同
时开
小花黄白色，紫心白蕊，其花如杯状，无瓣，但有五尖，结一铃壳，凡五棱，一枝一颗，下
悬如灯笼之状，壳中一子，状如龙葵子，生青熟赤。以此分别，便自明白。按《庚辛玉册》
云∶灯笼草四方皆有，惟川陕者最大。叶似龙葵，嫩时可食。四、五月开花结实，有四叶盛
之
三叶酸草附于酸浆之后，盖不知其名同物异也。其草见草之九，酢浆下。
苗、叶、茎、根
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。禹锡曰∶有小毒。
恭曰∶苦，大寒，无毒。
时珍曰∶方士取汁煮丹砂，伏白矾，煮三黄，炼硝、硫。
【主治】酸浆∶治热烦满，定志益气，利水道（《本经》）。捣汁服，治黄病，多效（弘
景）。灯笼草∶治上气咳嗽风热，明目，根茎花、实并宜（《唐本》）。苦耽苗子∶治传尸伏
连，鬼气疰忤邪气，腹内热结
癖痞满，小儿无辜 子，寒热大腹，杀虫落胎，去蛊毒，并煮汁饮，亦生捣汁服。研膏，
敷小儿闪癖（《嘉
【发明】震亨曰∶灯笼草，苦能除湿热，轻能治上焦，故主热咳咽痛。此草治热痰咳嗽，
佛耳草治寒痰咳嗽也。与片芩清金丸同用，更效。
时珍曰∶酸浆利湿除热。除热故清肺治咳；利湿故能化痰治疽。一人病虚乏咳嗽有痰，
愚以此加入汤中用之，有效。
【附方】新三。
热咳咽痛 灯笼草为末，白汤服，名清心丸。仍以醋调敷喉外。（《丹溪纂要》）
痛∶灯笼草，炒焦研末，酒调呷之。（《医学正传》）
灸疮不发∶酸浆叶贴之。
子
【气味】酸，平，无毒。《别录》曰∶寒。
【主治】热烦满，定志益气，利水道，产难吞之立产（《本经》）。食之，除热，治黄病，
尤益小儿（苏颂）。治骨蒸劳热，尸疰疳瘦，痰癖热结，与苗茎同功（《嘉 》）。
【附方】新二。
马蔺子（炒）、大盐
梧子大。每服三十丸，木香汤下。（《圣济总录》）
天泡湿疮∶天泡草铃儿生捣敷之。亦可为末，油调敷。（《邓才杂兴方》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】赤珠。
苏颂说：龙葵子中红色的称为赤珠，这是根据形状命名的。
【集解】甄权说：龙葵中红色的珠子，名叫龙珠。
陈藏器说：龙珠生长在道路旁边，果实圆润像龙葵，只是成熟时颜色正红罢了。
李时珍说：龙珠和龙葵，虽然根据果实的黑色和红色来区分，但实际上是同一物种的两种颜色，强行分为两类是不对的。
苗（指植株幼苗部分）
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】能使白发变黑，让人不易入睡。主治各种热毒，石药之气发作，调和脾胃，解除烦闷（出自陈藏器）。
【发明】甄权说：龙珠，服用后能使白发变黑，延缓衰老。如果能生吃且感到苦涩的，在此期间不吃其他蔬菜，十天后就会有灵异功效。不能与葱、薤一起食用。根部也可以入药。
子（果实）
【气味】与菜叶相同。
【主治】疔疮肿毒（出自陈藏器）。
（出自《神农本草经》中品）
【校正】将菜部的苦耽，草部的酸浆、灯笼草，合并为一项。
【释名】醋浆（出自《本经》）、苦耽（音同“针”）、苦耽（出自《嘉祐本草》）、灯笼草（出自《唐本草》）、草（出自《食疗本草》）、天泡草（出自《纲目》）、王母珠（出自《嘉祐本草》）、洛神珠（同上），都是指这种植物。郭璞注释说：就是现在的酸浆，江东人称为苦耽。小的称为苦耽，也称为小苦耽。其果实圆如珠子。李时珍说：酸浆，是根据果实的味道命名的。苦耽、苦耽，是根据幼苗的味道命名的。灯笼、皮弁，是根据果壳的形状命名的。王母、洛神珠，是根据果实的形状命名的。按：杨慎在《卮言》中说：本草中的灯笼草、苦耽、酸浆，都是同一种东西。修订本草的人不是一时一人，所以有重复记载。燕京地区的野果名叫红姑娘，外面垂着红色的囊袋，里面含有红色的珠子般的果实，酸甘可口，环绕台阶生长，与绿草一同芬芳，也很可爱。大概“姑娘”是“瓜囊”的讹误，古代“瓜”和“姑”同音，“娘囊”的读音也相近。这个说法是正确的，所以现在将《本经》中的酸浆，《唐本草》中的灯笼草、宋代《嘉祐本草》中的苦耽，全部合并为一类。
【集解】《名医别录》说：酸浆，生长在荆楚地区的川泽及人家田园中，五月采集，阴干。
陶弘景说：酸浆到处都有很多，幼苗像水茄子但较小，叶子也可以食用。果实呈房状，房中有果实像梅子或李子大小，都是黄红色，小孩可以吃。
苏保升说：酸浆就是苦耽，根像菹芹，白色，味道极苦。
孟诜说：苦耽生长在旧墟、墙垣沟堑之间，高二三尺，果实呈角状，像撮口袋，里面有像珠子一样的种子，成熟后是红色的。关中人称它为洛神珠，一名王母珠，一名皮弁草。其中一种较小的叫苦耽。
苏恭说：灯笼草到处都有，枝干高三四尺，有红花状若灯笼，里面有红色的果实很可爱，根、茎、花、果实都入药。
寇宗奭说：酸浆就是苦耽，《嘉祐本草》重复列出了苦耽条目。天下都有，幼苗像天茄子，开小白花，结青色的壳，成熟后深红，壳中的果实大如樱桃，也是红色的，樱桃中又有细小的种子，像茄子的种子，吃起来有青草的气味。
李时珍说：龙葵和酸浆，是同科不同种。酸浆和苦耽，是同一种下的不同物体。只是大的味道苦，以此作为区别。败酱也叫苦耽，与此不同。它们的龙葵和酸浆的幼苗叶子是一样的。但龙葵在八月入秋时开小白花，五瓣黄色花蕊，结出的果实没有壳，成串挂在枝头，果实有蒂盖，生时青色，熟时紫黑色。而酸浆同时开小花，黄白色，紫色花心白色花蕊，花朵像杯状，无花瓣，只有五个尖角，结出一个铃铛状的壳，共有五棱，一枝一个，下垂像灯笼的样子，壳中有一个果实，形状像龙葵子，生时青色，熟时红色。以此区分，就很明白了。按《庚辛玉册》说：灯笼草四方都有，只有川陕地区的最大。叶子像龙葵，嫩时可食用。四、五月开花结果，有四片叶子托着。三叶酸草附在酸浆之后，大概是因为不知道它们同名异物。这种草见草部第九卷，酢浆草之下。
苗、叶、茎、根
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。孟诜说：有小毒。
苏恭说：味苦，大寒，无毒。
李时珍说：方士取汁煮丹砂，伏火白矾，煮三黄，炼硝、硫磺。
【主治】酸浆：治疗热烦闷，安定意志，益气，通利水道（出自《本经》）。捣汁服用，治疗黄疸病，多有效（陶弘景）。灯笼草：治疗上气咳嗽风热，明目，根茎花、果实都适宜使用（出自《唐本草》）。苦耽的苗和果实：治疗传尸伏连，鬼气疰忤邪气，腹内热结癖痞满，小儿无辜疳积，寒热大腹，杀虫堕胎，去除蛊毒，都煮汁饮用，也可以生捣汁服用。研成膏，敷治小儿闪癖（出自《嘉祐本草》）。
【发明】朱震亨说：灯笼草，苦能除湿热，轻能治上焦，所以主治热咳咽痛。此草治疗热痰咳嗽，佛耳草治疗寒痰咳嗽。与片芩清金丸同用，效果更好。
李时珍说：酸浆利湿除热。除热所以清肺治咳；利湿所以能化痰治疽。有一人患虚乏咳嗽有痰，我将其加入汤药中使用，有效。
【附方】新收三则。
热咳咽痛：将灯笼草研为末，用白开水送服，名为清心丸。仍用醋调敷喉外。（出自《丹溪纂要》）
[咽喉]痛：灯笼草，炒焦研末，酒调慢慢呷服。（出自《医学正传》）
灸疮不发：用酸浆叶贴敷。
子
【气味】味酸，性平，无毒。《别录》说：性寒。
【主治】热烦闷，安定意志，益气，通利水道，难产时吞服可立即分娩（出自《本经》）。食用它，除热，治疗黄疸病，尤其对小儿有益（苏颂）。治疗骨蒸劳热，尸疰疳瘦，痰癖热结，与苗茎功效相同（出自《嘉祐本草》）。
【附方】新收二则。
[马蔺子]（炒）、大盐 [制成梧子大小的药丸]。每次服用三十丸，木香汤送下。（出自《圣济总录》）
天泡湿疮：将天泡草的果实生捣敷之。也可以研为末，油调敷。（出自《邓才杂兴方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
**Names:** Red Pearl.
Su Song stated: The red fruits of *Solanum nigrum* are called "Red Pearl," named after their shape.
**Collected Explanations:** Zhen Quan said: The red berries of *Solanum nigrum* are named Longzhu (Dragon Pearl).
Chen Cangqi said: Longzhu grows by the roadside; its fruit is round like that of *Solanum nigrum*, but turns bright red when ripe.
Li Shizhen said: Longzhu and *Solanum nigrum*, although distinguished by the black or red color of their fruits, are actually one species with two colors; forcing a separation into two categories is incorrect.
**Seedlings**
**Flavor and Properties:** Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
**Indications:** Can turn white hair black, induces sleeplessness. Treats various heat toxins, flare-ups caused by mineral drugs, harmonizes the middle jiao, and relieves vexation (Chen Cangqi).
**Elucidations:** Zhen Quan said: Taking Longzhu turns white hair black and promotes longevity. If eaten raw and found bitter, while abstaining from other vegetables for ten days, spiritual efficacy will be achieved. It should not be consumed with scallions or wild garlic. The root is also used medicinally.
**Fruits**
**Flavor and Properties:** Same as the leaves.
**Indications:** Carbuncles and sores (Chen Cangqi).
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing* / Divine Farmer's Materia Medica, Middle Grade)
**Corrections:** Merged the entries for Kudan in the Vegetable section, and Suanjiang (Physalis alkekengi) and Denglongcao in the Herb section into one entry.
**Names:** Cujiang (Vinegar Juice, from *Benjing*), Kudan (pronounced 'zhen'), Kudan (from *Jiayou Bencao*), Denglongcao (Lantern Grass, from *Tang Bencao*), Cao (from *Shiliao*), Tianpao Cao (Blister Grass, from *Gangmu*), Wangmuzhu (Queen Mother's Pearl, from *Jiayou Bencao*), Luoshenzhu (Goddess Luo's Pearl, ibid.). Guo Pu noted: This is now known as Suanjiang; people in Jiangdong call it Kudan. The smaller variety is called Kudan or Xiao Kudan. Its fruit is round like a pearl. Li Shizhen said: Suanjiang is named after the taste of its fruit. Kudan is named after the taste of its seedlings. Denglong (Lantern) and Pibian (Leather Cap) are named after the shape of the calyx. Wangmu and Luoshenzhu are named after the shape of the fruit. According to Yang Shen's *Zhiyan*: Denglongcao, Kudan, and Suanjiang in the Materia Medica are all the same substance. Since the revisions were made by different people at different times, repetitions occurred. In Yanjing (Beijing), a wild fruit is called Hong Guniang (Red Girl); it hangs in a crimson sac containing red, pearl-like seeds that are sour and sweet, growing abundantly around steps alongside green grass, quite lovely. "Guniang" is likely an error for "Guawang" (Melon Sac); in ancient times, "Gua" and "Gu" had similar pronunciations, and "Niáng Náng" sounds close to "Guniang." This explanation is correct; therefore, Suanjiang from *Benjing*, Denglongcao from *Tang Bencao*, and Kudan from Song Dynasty *Jiayou Bencao* are now merged into one category.
**Collected Explanations:** *Bielu* stated: Suanjiang grows in the rivers, marshes, and gardens of Jingchu regions; harvested in May and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing said: Suanjiang is abundant everywhere; the seedling resembles *Solanum melongena* but is smaller, and the leaves are edible. The fruit forms a casing containing seeds the size of plums or cherries, yellowish-red, which children eat.
Su Baosheng said: Suanjiang is Kudan; the root resembles *Oenanthe javanica*, is white, and extremely bitter.
Meng Shen said: Kudan grows among old ruins, walls, and ditches, reaching two or three chi in height. The fruit forms a horn-like pouch containing pearl-like seeds that turn red when ripe. People in Guanzhong call it Luoshenzhu, also known as Wangmuzhu or Pibiancao. A smaller variety is called Kudan.
Su Gong said: Denglongcao is found everywhere; branches and stems reach three or four chi high, bearing red flowers resembling lanterns, with attractive red fruits inside. Roots, stems, flowers, and fruits are all used medicinally.
Kou Zongshi said: Suanjiang is Kudan; the *Jiayou Bencao* duplicated the Kudan entry. It is found worldwide; seedlings resemble *Solanum melongena*, bloom with small white flowers, form green casings that turn deep red when ripe. Inside the casing, seeds are cherry-sized and red; within these are fine seeds like eggplant seeds, having a grassy odor when eaten.
Li Shizhen said: *Solanum nigrum* and Suanjiang are one genus, two species. Suanjiang and Kudan are one type, two objects, distinguished mainly by bitterness in the larger variety. Baijiang (Patrinia) is also called Kudan but is different. Their seedlings and leaves look alike. However, *Solanum nigrum* blooms with small white flowers in August/Autumn, with five-petaled yellow stamens, producing shell-less fruits hanging in clusters on the branch, with a calyx lid, turning purple-black when ripe. Suanjiang blooms simultaneously with small yellow-white flowers, purple centers, white stamens, cup-shaped without petals but with five points, forming a single bell-shaped casing per branch, hanging like a lantern. The casing has five ridges and contains one fruit resembling *Solanum nigrum* seeds, turning red when ripe. This distinction makes them clear. According to *Gengxin Yuce*: Denglongcao is widespread, but those from Sichuan and Shaanxi are largest. Leaves resemble *Solanum nigrum* and are edible when tender. Flowers and fruits appear in April/May. San Ye Suan Cao (Three-leaf Sorrel) was appended after Suanjiang, likely due to ignorance of homonymy referring to different substances. See Herb Volume 9, under Suansuan Cao.
**Seedlings, Leaves, Stems, Roots**
**Flavor and Properties:** Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Meng Shen said: Slightly toxic.
Su Gong said: Bitter, very cold, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Alchemists extract juice to process Cinnabar, stabilize Alum, boil Sanhuang (Three Yellows), and refine Saltpeter and Sulfur.
**Indications:** Suanjiang: Treats heat-induced vexation and fullness, stabilizes spirit, benefits qi, and promotes urination (*Benjing*). Juice applied internally treats jaundice effectively (Tao Hongjing). Denglongcao: Treats upper jiao cough due to wind-heat, brightens eyes; roots, stems, flowers, and fruits are all suitable (*Tang Bencao*). Kudan seedlings and fruits: Treats tuberculosis (transmission corpse), evil influences, internal heat accumulation, masses, pediatric malnutrition (Wugu disease), alternating chills and fever with abdominal distension, expels parasites, induces abortion, removes gu poison; all decocted for drinking or crushed fresh for application. Ground into paste, applied to pediatric abdominal masses (*Jiayou Bencao*).
**Elucidations:** Zhu Zhenheng said: Denglongcao's bitterness drains damp-heat, and its lightness targets the upper jiao, thus treating hot cough and sore throat. This herb treats phlegm-heat cough, whereas Erdao Cao treats phlegm-cold cough. Used with Pian Qin Qingjin Wan, it is more effective.
Li Shizhen said: Suanjiang promotes diuresis and clears heat. Clearing heat cleanses the lungs to treat cough; promoting diuresis resolves phlegm to treat carbuncles. One patient suffered from deficiency-related cough with phlegm; I added this to his decoction with good effect.
**Prescriptions:** Three new prescriptions.
Hot cough and sore throat: Powder Denglongcao, take with warm water, named Qingxin Wan. Also apply vinegar paste externally to the throat (*Danxi Zuanyao*).
[Throat] pain: Charred Denglongcao powder, taken slowly with wine (*Yixue Zhengchuan*).
Moxa sore not healing: Apply Suanjiang leaves.
**Fruits**
**Flavor and Properties:** Sour, neutral, non-toxic. *Bielu* said: Cold.
**Indications:** Heat-induced vexation and fullness, stabilizes spirit, benefits qi, promotes urination, and aids delivery when swallowed during difficult labor (*Benjing*). Eating it clears heat, treats jaundice, especially beneficial for children (Su Song). Treats bone-steaming consumption, wasting-thirst, phlegm-masses, and heat accumulation; same efficacy as seedlings and stems (*Jiayou Bencao*).
**Prescriptions:** Two new prescriptions.
[Malinzi] (Stir-fried), Large Salt [Form pills the size of wu zi]. Take 30 pills each time with Mugwort Wood Decoction (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Tianpao wet sores: Crush fresh Tianpao Cao fruits and apply. Alternatively, powder and mix with oil for application (*Deng Cai Zaxing Fang*).