气寒。味甘。无毒。主气癃。止痛。利水道通小便。除湿痹。久服轻身耐老。
车前气寒。禀天冬寒之水气。入足太阳寒水膀胱经。味甘无毒。得地中正之土味。入足
太阴
湿土脾经。气降味和。阴也。膀胱者州都之官。津液藏焉。气化则能出矣。出气不化。闭塞
下窍。而为癃闭。其主之者。寒能化热。甘能化气也。小便者心火之去路也。火结于膀胱。
则小便痛矣。其止痛者。气寒能清火也。饮入于胃。游溢精气。上输于脾。脾气散精。上归
于肺。肺乃下输膀胱。车前味甘。甘能益脾。脾气散精。则肺气通行。故水道通。小便利也
。益脾利水。则湿下逐。故又除湿痹也。久服轻身耐老者。指有病者而言也。人身有湿则身
重。湿逐则身轻。湿逐脾健。脾主血。血充故耐老也。不然。滑泄之品。岂堪久服者哉。
制 方:
车前同木通、沉香、陈皮、升麻。治气癃。同二术、木瓜、石斛、萆 、白茯、五加皮。
治
湿
痹。同白芍、白茯、扁豆、甘草。治水泄。同生地、牛膝、天冬、麦冬、黄柏、五味、杞子
、人参、白胶。治尿血。及女子血淋。专末服。治暴泄。
气寒。味甘。无毒。主风寒湿痹。乳难。养五脏。益气力。肥健。消水。久服耳目
聪明。不饥。延年轻身。面生光。能行水上。
泽泻气寒。禀天冬寒之水气。入足太阳寒水膀胱经。味甘无毒。得地中正之土味。入足
太阴
脾经。气降味和。阴也。其主风寒湿痹者。风寒湿三者合而成痹。痹则血闭而肌肉麻木也。
泽泻味甘益脾。脾湿去。则血行而肌肉活。痹症瘳矣。其主乳难者。脾统血。血不化。乳所
以难也。味甘益脾。脾湿行则血运而乳通也。其主养五脏益气力肥健者。盖五脏藏阴者也。
而脾为之原。脾主肌肉而性恶湿。泽泻泻湿。湿去则脾健。脾乃后天之本。所以肌肉长而气
力益。阴血充而五脏得所养也。其消水者。入膀胱气寒下泄也。久服耳目聪明。不饥。延年
轻身者。肾与膀胱为表里。膀胱水道通。则肾之精道固。精足则气充。肾开窍于耳。所以耳
聪。水之精为目瞳子。所以明目。肾者胃之关。关门固所以不饥。肾气纳。所以延年轻身也
。其言面生光能行水上者。脾为湿土。湿则重。燥则轻。轻则能行水上。脾统血。血充则面
有光彩也。盖表其利水有固肾之功。燥湿有健脾之效也。
制 方:
泽泻同白茯、白术、猪苓、肉桂。名五苓散。治湿热。同山药、山萸、白茯、丹皮、生
地、
北味。名都气汤。补肾真阴。及小儿行语迟。同白茯、建兰叶、猪苓。治饮痰咳嗽。
【车前子】
药性寒凉。味道甘甜。没有毒性。主治小便不通畅（气癃）。缓解疼痛。通利水道，使小便通畅。祛除风湿痹痛。长期服用能使身体轻盈，延缓衰老。
车前子的药性寒凉，禀受了自然界冬季寒冷的水气，进入足太阳寒水经的膀胱经。味道甘甜且无毒，获得了大地中正的土味，进入足太阴湿土经的脾经。其气下降，味道平和，属于阴。膀胱是州都之官，津液藏存在这里，经过气化作用才能排出。如果出气的气化功能失常，导致下窍闭塞，就会形成小便不通。车前子之所以能主治此症，是因为寒性能化解热邪，甘味能助长气化。小便也是心火排出的通路。如果火邪结聚在膀胱，就会导致小便疼痛。车前子之所以能止痛，是因为其寒性能够清泻火热。饮水进入胃中，精气游溢出来，向上输送给脾。脾气散布精微物质，向上归输于肺。肺再将津液向下输送到膀胱。车前子味甘，甘味能补益脾脏。脾气散布精微，肺气就能通行，所以水道通畅，小便顺利。补益脾脏并利水，湿气就被向下驱逐，所以又能祛除风湿痹痛。所谓“长期服用身体轻盈、延缓衰老”，是针对有病之人而言的。人体如果有湿气，身体就会沉重；湿气被驱逐，身体就感觉轻盈。湿气去除后脾胃健运，脾主血，血液充盈所以能延缓衰老。否则，滑利泄下的药物，怎么能够长期服用呢？
配方：
车前子配合木通、沉香、陈皮、升麻，治疗气癃。配合苍术、白术、木瓜、石斛、萆薢、茯苓、五加皮，治疗风湿痹痛。配合白芍、茯苓、扁豆、甘草，治疗水样腹泻。配合生地、牛膝、天冬、麦冬、黄柏、五味子、枸杞子、人参、阿胶，治疗尿血以及妇女血淋。单独研末服用，治疗急性腹泻。
【泽泻】
药性寒凉。味道甘甜。没有毒性。主治风寒湿痹。乳汁不通。滋养五脏。益气力。使身体肥壮强健。消除水肿。长期服用能使耳目聪明，不感到饥饿，延年益寿，身体轻盈，面色光泽，甚至能在水上行走。
泽泻的药性寒凉，禀受了自然界冬季寒冷的水气，进入足太阳寒水经的膀胱经。味道甘甜且无毒，获得了大地中正的土味，进入足太阴脾经。其气下降，味道平和，属于阴。它主治风寒湿痹，是因为风、寒、湿三种邪气结合而成痹证，痹证会导致血行闭塞，肌肉麻木。泽泻味甘能补益脾脏，脾湿去除，则血液运行，肌肉灵活，痹症得以痊愈。它主治乳汁不通，是因为脾统血，血液不能正常化生，乳汁因此难以分泌。泽泻味甘补脾，脾湿运行则血液运转，乳汁通畅。它主治滋养五脏、益气力、使身体肥壮强健，是因为五脏是贮藏阴精的器官，而脾是其本源。脾主肌肉且厌恶湿气。泽泻泻除湿气，湿气去除则脾脏健运。脾是后天之本，所以肌肉生长，气力增加，阴血充盈，五脏得到滋养。它消除水肿，是因为其入膀胱经，性寒下行泄浊。长期服用耳目聪明、不饥饿、延年益寿、身体轻盈，是因为肾与膀胱互为表里。膀胱水道通畅，则肾的精道稳固。精气充足则气机充盛。肾开窍于耳，所以耳朵灵敏。水的精华表现为瞳孔，所以眼睛明亮。肾是胃的关口，关口坚固所以不感到饥饿。肾气收纳，所以延年益寿、身体轻盈。至于说“面色光泽、能在水上行走”，是因为脾属湿土，有湿则身体沉重，干燥则身体轻盈，轻盈就能在水上行走。脾统血，血液充盈则面色有光彩。这表达了泽泻有利水固肾的功效，以及燥湿健脾的效果。
配方：
泽泻配合茯苓、白术、猪苓、肉桂，名为五苓散，治疗湿热。配合山药、山茱萸、茯苓、牡丹皮、生地、北五味子，名为都气汤，补肾真阴，以及治疗小儿说话迟。配合茯苓、建兰叶、猪苓，治疗痰饮咳嗽。
[Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen)]
The nature is cold. The flavor is sweet. It has no toxicity. It primarily treats Qi stagnation leading to urinary difficulty (Qi Long). It relieves pain, promotes the flow of water passages, and facilitates urination. It dispels dampness-bi (Damp-Bi) syndrome. Long-term consumption makes the body light and delays aging.
Cheqianzi has a cold nature, inheriting the cold water energy of winter from heaven, and enters the Foot-Taiyang Cold-Water Bladder Meridian. Its sweet flavor and lack of toxicity derive from the central Earth flavor of the earth, entering the Foot-Taiyin Damp-Earth Spleen Meridian. Its qi descends and its flavor is harmonious; it belongs to Yin. The Bladder is the official of the capital, where fluids are stored; only through Qi transformation can they be excreted. If the Qi transformation for excretion fails, causing blockage at the lower orifice, urinary retention occurs. Cheqianzi treats this because coldness resolves heat, and sweetness promotes Qi transformation. Urine is the pathway for Heart Fire to exit. If fire knots in the Bladder, urination becomes painful. Cheqianzi relieves pain because its cold nature clears fire. When drink enters the Stomach, essence and qi overflow and are transported upward to the Spleen. The Spleen scatters essences, sending them upward to return to the Lung. The Lung then transmits downward to the Bladder. Cheqianzi’s sweet flavor tonifies the Spleen. When the Spleen scatters essences, Lung Qi circulates freely, thus unblocking water passages and facilitating urination. Tonifying the Spleen and promoting diuresis drives dampness downward, thereby dispelling damp-bi. "Long-term consumption making the body light and delaying aging" refers specifically to those who are ill. When dampness exists in the human body, the body feels heavy; when dampness is driven away, the body feels light. With dampness removed, the Spleen becomes robust. The Spleen governs Blood; when Blood is sufficient, one delays aging. Otherwise, how could slippery and purgative substances be taken for long?
Prescription Formulation:
Cheqianzi combined with Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), and Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) treats Qi Long. Combined with Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus), Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Bixie (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), and Wujia Pi (Acanthopanacis Cortex), it treats damp-bi. Combined with Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Fuling, Bian Dou (Dolichoris Semen), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), it treats watery diarrhea. Combined with Shengdi Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Tiandong (Asparagi Radix), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Gouqi Zi (Lycii Fructus), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), and Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla), it treats hematuria and women’s blood lin syndrome. Taken alone as powder, it treats acute diarrhea.
[Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma)]
The nature is cold. The flavor is sweet. It has no toxicity. It primarily treats wind-cold-damp bi syndrome, nursing difficulties, nourishes the five Zang organs, benefits Qi and strength, makes the body plump and strong, and eliminates water retention. Long-term consumption makes ears and eyes clear, prevents hunger, extends life, lightens the body, gives the face a luster, and enables walking on water.
Zexie has a cold nature, inheriting the cold water energy of winter from heaven, and enters the Foot-Taiyang Cold-Water Bladder Meridian. Its sweet flavor and lack of toxicity derive from the central Earth flavor of the earth, entering the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. Its qi descends and its flavor is harmonious; it belongs to Yin. It treats wind-cold-damp bi because wind, cold, and dampness combine to form Bi syndrome, which causes blood closure and muscle numbness. Zexie’s sweet flavor tonifies the Spleen; when Spleen dampness is removed, blood circulates and muscles become active, alleviating Bi symptoms. It treats nursing difficulties because the Spleen governs Blood; if Blood does not transform properly, milk production is difficult. Zexie’s sweet flavor tonifies the Spleen; when Spleen dampness moves, blood circulates and milk flows. It nourishes the five Zang organs, benefits Qi and strength, and builds the body because the five Zang organs store Yin, and the Spleen is their source. The Spleen governs muscles and dislikes dampness. Zexie drains dampness; when dampness is removed, the Spleen becomes robust. As the root of acquired constitution, the Spleen allows muscles to grow and Qi to increase, while Yin and Blood fill, nourishing the five Zang organs. It eliminates water because it enters the Bladder meridian, is cold in nature, and drains downward. Long-term consumption brings clarity to ears and eyes, prevents hunger, extends life, and lightens the body because the Kidney and Bladder are exterior-interior partners. When Bladder water passages are open, the Kidney’s essence pathways are secure. Abundant essence fills Qi. The Kidney opens into the ears, hence ear acuity. The essence of water manifests as the pupil, hence bright vision. The Kidney is the gate of the Stomach; a secure gate prevents hunger. Kidney Qi grasping leads to longevity and a light body. Regarding "face luster and walking on water": the Spleen is damp Earth; dampness makes one heavy, dryness makes one light, and lightness enables walking on water. The Spleen governs Blood; abundant blood gives the face luster. This expresses that Zexie has the function of draining water and securing the Kidney, and drying dampness to benefit the Spleen.
Prescription Formulation:
Zexie combined with Fuling, Baizhu, Zhuling (Polypori Umbellati), and Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) is named Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), treating damp-heat. Combined with Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus), Fuling, Danpi (Moutan Cortex), Shengdi Huang, and Bei Wei Mei (Schisandrae Fructus) is named Duqi Tang (Duqi Decoction), tonifying true Kidney Yin and treating delayed speech in children. Combined with Fuling, Jian Lan Ye (Orchid Leaf), and Zhuling, it treats cough due to fluid-phlegm.