味苦，寒，有毒。主治大水，身面四肢浮肿，下水，杀蛊毒，咳逆上气，及食诸果不消，
病在胸腹中，皆吐下之。去鼻中息肉，黄胆。其花∶主心痛，咳逆。生嵩高平泽，七月七日
采，阴干。
瓜蒂多用早青蒂，此云七月七日采，便是甜瓜蒂也。人亦有用熟瓜蒂者，取吐乃无异，
此只论其蒂所主尔。今瓜例皆冷利，早青者尤甚。熟瓜乃有数种，除瓤食不害人，若觉食多，
入水自渍便消。永嘉有寒瓜甚大，今每即取藏经年食之。亦有再熟瓜，又有越瓜，人以作菹
者，食之亦冷，并非药用尔。《博物志》云∶水浸至项，食瓜无数。又云斑瓜花有毒。分采
之，瓜皮杀 虫也。（《新修》二六四页，《大观》卷二十七，《政和》五○三页）
味苦，寒，有毒。主治大水，面目四肢浮肿，下水，令人吐。生晋地川泽。
瓠与冬瓜，气类同辈，而有上下之殊，当是为其苦者尔。今瓠自忽有苦者如胆。不可食，
非别生一种也。又有瓠 ，亦是瓠类，小者名瓢，食之乃胜瓠。凡此等，皆利水道，所以在
夏月食之，大理自不及冬瓜矣。（《新修》二八○页，《大观》卷二十九，《政和》五一六页
味甘，平，无毒。主治女子赤沃，止血，养精，保血脉，益气，令人肥健嗜食，一名水
英。生南海池泽。
论 主治，乃应是上品，未解何意，乃在下。其二月、三月英时善，可作菹及熟 食之，
亦
一页，《大观》卷二十九，《政和》五一九页）
【瓜蒂】
味道苦，性寒，有毒。主治严重的水肿病，表现为面部、身体及四肢浮肿，能通利水道排出积水，具有催吐作用，能杀灭蛊毒，治疗咳嗽气逆上冲，以及食用各种水果后消化不良导致食物停滞在胸腹中的病症，均通过催吐或泻下的方法治疗。还能去除鼻中息肉，治疗黄疸。其花朵：主治心痛，咳嗽气逆。生长在嵩山高地和平原沼泽地带，七月七日采收，阴干。
瓜蒂多用未成熟的青色瓜蒂，这里说七月七日采收，指的是甜瓜的瓜蒂。人们也有使用成熟瓜蒂的，取用后的催吐效果没有差异，这里只讨论瓜蒂本身的主治功效。现在的瓜类大多性质寒凉且有利水通便作用，早青的瓜蒂尤其厉害。成熟的瓜有好几种，除去瓜瓤食用不会伤害人体，如果觉得吃多了，用水浸泡即可消化。永嘉有一种寒瓜非常大，现在常常取来收藏，可以存放多年食用。还有二次成熟的瓜，又有越瓜，人们用来制作腌菜，食用后也感觉寒冷，这些都不是药用部分。《博物志》记载：水淹到脖子时，吃无数瓜。又说斑瓜花有毒。分开采集它们，瓜皮能杀虫。（《新修本草》二六四页，《大观本草》卷二十七，《政和本草》五○三页）
【瓠子】
味道苦，性寒，有毒。主治严重水肿，面目四肢浮肿，通利水道，令人呕吐。生长在晋地河流湖泊区域。
瓠与冬瓜，气味类别相同，但有上下部位的区别，大概是因为瓠味苦的缘故。现在的瓠如果偶然有像胆一样苦的，不可食用，并不是另外生长的一种品种。又有瓠（葫芦），也是瓠类，小的叫瓢，食用它胜过瓠。凡此等，都通利水道，所以在夏季食用它们，从道理上讲自然不如冬瓜了。（《新修本草》二八○页，《大观本草》卷二十九，《政和本草》五一六页）
【水英】
味道甘，性平，无毒。主治女子赤白带下，止血，养精，保血脉，益气，使人肥壮健康、食欲旺盛，一名水英。生长在南海池塘沼泽。
论其主治功效，本应属于上品，不明白为何放在下品。二月、三月开花时最好，可以做腌菜及熟食食用，也……（原文此处似有残缺，接前文“亦”字，后接页码信息）一页，《大观本草》卷二十九，《政和本草》五一九页）
[Guadi (Melon Peduncle)]
Bitter, cold, toxic. Mainly treats severe edema (generalized swelling), manifesting as facial, bodily, and limb swelling; promotes urination to drain water; induces vomiting; kills gu poison (parasitic disease); treats cough with rebellious qi (cough and asthma); and addresses indigestion from consuming various fruits where food stagnates in the chest and abdomen, treating these conditions by inducing vomiting or purging. Also removes nasal polyps and treats jaundice. Its flowers: mainly treat heart pain and cough with rebellious qi. Grows in the highlands of Song Mountain and flat marshes. Harvested on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, dried in the shade.
For Guadi, unripe green peduncles are mostly used. The text mentions harvesting on the seventh day of the seventh month, referring to the peduncle of sweet melons. People also use mature melon peduncles; the induced vomiting effect is no different. This section only discusses the therapeutic indications of the peduncle itself. Currently, melons generally have cold properties and promote urination and bowel movements; early green ones are even more potent. Mature melons come in several varieties. Removing the pulp for consumption does not harm the body. If one feels they have eaten too much, soaking it in water helps digestion. In Yongjia, there is a very large "cold melon," which is often stored and consumed over many years. There are also twice-ripening melons and Yue melons, which people use to make pickles. Consuming them also has a cooling effect, but these are not used medicinally. *Bowuzhi* states: when water reaches the neck, eat countless melons. It also states that spotted melon flowers are toxic. Collect them separately; the melon skin kills insects. (Xinxiu Bencao p. 264, Daguan Bencao Vol. 27, Zhenghe Bencao p. 503)
[Huzi (Calabash Fruit)]
Bitter, cold, toxic. Mainly treats severe edema, facial and limb swelling, promotes urination, and induces vomiting. Grows in the rivers and lakes of the Jin region.
Huzi and winter melon belong to the same category of qi and flavor, but differ in their upper and lower parts, likely due to the bitterness of Huzi. Sometimes Huzi naturally becomes bitter like gallbladder bile. It is inedible and is not a distinct species. There is also another type of Huzi (gourd), which is similar; the smaller ones are called hu (ladle gourd), and eating them is superior to regular Huzi. All of these promote urinary flow, which is why they are consumed in summer. From a theoretical standpoint, they are inferior to winter melon. (Xinxiu Bencao p. 280, Daguan Bencao Vol. 29, Zhenghe Bencao p. 516)
[Shuiying]
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Mainly treats leukorrhea (red discharge) in women, stops bleeding, nourishes essence, preserves blood vessels, tonifies qi, makes one robust and healthy, and increases appetite. Also known as Shuiying. Grows in the ponds and marshes of the South Sea.
Regarding its therapeutic indications, it should theoretically belong to the Superior Grade (Shangpin). It is unclear why it is placed in the Inferior Grade (Xiapin). When flowering in the second and third lunar months, it is best suited for making pickles or cooked dishes, and also... [Text fragment ends]. Page 1, Daguan Bencao Vol. 29, Zhenghe Bencao p. 519)