味苦、甘，寒，大寒，有毒。主治大腹疝瘕，腹满，面目浮肿，留饮宿食，破症坚积聚，
利水谷道。下五水，散膀胱留热，皮中痞，热气肿满。一名主田，一名甘 ，一名陵 ，一
名凌泽，一名重泽。生中山川谷。二月采根，阴干。（瓜蒂为之使，恶远志，反甘草。）
中山在代郡。先第一本出太山，江东比来用京口者，大不相似。赤皮者胜，白皮都下亦
有
观》卷十，《政和》二五四页）
味辛、苦，寒、大寒，无毒。主治症瘕积聚，结气，饮食寒热，破坚逐邪，通利水道。
下膀胱水，腹留热气，皮间邪水上出，面目浮肿，身暴中风热痱痒，利小腹。久服令人虚。
一名大室，一名大适。一名丁历，一名 蒿。生 城平泽及田野。立夏后采实，阴干。（得
酒良，榆皮为之使，恶僵蚕、石龙芮。）
出彭城者最胜，今近道亦有，母即公荠，子细黄至苦，用之当熬也。（敦煌卷子本《新
修
味苦、甘，寒，大寒，有小毒。主治蛊毒，十二水，腹满急痛，积聚，中风，皮肤疼痛，
吐逆。颈腋痈肿，头痛，发汗，利大小肠。一名邛钜。生常山。十二月采根，阴干。（反甘
草，畏菖蒲、芦草、鼠屎。）
近道处处有，至猥贱也。（敦煌卷子本《新修》卷十，《大观》卷十，《政和》二五六页）
【甘遂】
味苦、甘，性寒至大寒，有毒。主治腹部胀大及疝气瘕块，腹部胀满，面目浮肿，体内停留的水饮和隔宿的食物，破除坚硬的症结和积聚的包块，通利水谷之道。能下行消除五种水邪，消散膀胱中滞留的热气，治疗皮肤中的痞塞感及热气导致的肿胀满闷。又名主田，又名甘遂（注：原文此处可能有缺字或异体，依上下文推测为甘遂相关别名），又名陵遂，又名凌泽，又名重泽。产于中山地区的山川河谷。二月采集根部，阴干。（瓜蒂作为其引经药，与远志相恶，与甘草相反。）中山位于代郡。最早一本记载出自太山，近来江东地区多用京口出产的，但品质大不相同。赤皮的品质较好，白皮在都城也有出产。（见《大观》卷十，《政和》二五四页）
【葶苈】
味辛、苦，性寒至大寒，无毒。主治症瘕积聚，气机郁结，饮食引起的寒热病症，破除坚硬、驱逐邪气，通利水道。能下行排出膀胱积水，清除腹部滞留的热气，使停留在皮间的邪水排出体外，治疗面目浮肿，身体突然遭受中风热邪引起的痱子瘙痒，通利小腹。长期服用会导致人体虚弱。又名大室，又名大适，又名丁历，又名葶苈蒿。产于彭城地区的平原地带及田野。立夏后采集果实，阴干。（用酒处理效果良好，榆皮作为其引经药，与僵蚕、石龙芮相恶。）出自彭城的品质最佳，现在附近道路沿线也有出产，其母株即公荠，种子细小、黄色且味道极苦，使用时应当炒制。（见敦煌卷子本《新修本草》……）
【大戟】
味苦、甘，性寒至大寒，有小毒。主治蛊毒，十二种水病，腹部胀满急痛，积聚包块，中风，皮肤疼痛，呕吐逆气。颈腋部痈肿，头痛，发汗，通利大小肠。又名邛钜。产于常山。十二月采集根部，阴干。（与甘草相反，畏惧菖蒲、芦草、鼠屎。）附近道路处处都有，非常普遍且廉价。（见敦煌卷子本《新修本草》卷十，《大观》卷十，《政和》二五六页）
[Galensae Radix (Gansui)]
Bitter, sweet; cold to very cold; toxic. Indicated for abdominal distension and hernia masses, abdominal fullness, edema of the face and eyes, retained fluid and undigested food in the stomach, breaking up hard accumulations and fixed masses, and promoting the free flow of fluids and grain through the digestive tract. It drains five types of water retention, dissipates lingering heat in the Bladder, treats stagnation and heat-induced swelling in the skin. Also known as Zhutian, Gansui, Lingsui, Lingze, and Chongze. Grows in the mountains and valleys of Zhongshan. Roots are harvested in February and dried in the shade. (Guadi (Trichosanthis Fructus Pericarpium) acts as its guide drug; it is antagonistic with Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix) and incompatible with Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).) Zhongshan is located in Dai Commandery. The earliest records originate from Taishan. Recently, Jingkou-grown specimens used in Jiangdong differ significantly in quality. Those with red bark are superior; white-barked ones are also available in the capital. (See *Daguan* Vol. 10, *Zhenghe* p. 254)
[Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen / Lepidii Semen)]
Pungent, bitter; cold to very cold; non-toxic. Indicated for masses and accumulations, qi stagnation, dietary-induced cold-heat disorders, breaking hardness, expelling pathogens, and unblocking water passages. It drains water from the Bladder, clears lingering heat in the abdomen, expels pathogenic water from the interstitial spaces, treats facial and ocular edema, sudden onset of wind-heat causing miliaria and itching, and promotes urination in the lower abdomen. Long-term use causes deficiency. Also known as Dashì, Dashi, Dingli, and Tinglihao. Grows in the plains and fields of Pengcheng. Fruits are harvested after Start of Summer and dried in the shade. (Processing with wine enhances efficacy; Yupi (Ulmus Cortex) acts as its guide drug; it is antagonistic with Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus) and Shilongrui (Ranunculi Ternati Radix).) Specimens from Pengcheng are of the best quality; those from nearby regions are also available. The mother plant is Gongqi, seeds are small, yellow, and extremely bitter; they should be stir-fried before use. (See Dunhuang manuscript copy of *Xinxiu Bencao*)
[Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix)]
Bitter, sweet; cold to very cold; slightly toxic. Indicated for gu poison, twelve types of water diseases, acute abdominal distension and pain, accumulations, wind-stroke, skin pain, vomiting and regurgitation. Neck and axillary carbuncles, headache, induces sweating, and promotes urination and bowel movements. Also known as Qiongju. Grows in Changshan. Roots are harvested in December and dried in the shade. (Incompatible with Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma); fears Changpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Lucao, and Shushi.) Widely available near roadsides, very common and inexpensive. (See Dunhuang manuscript copy of *Xinxiu Bencao* Vol. 10, *Daguan* Vol. 10, *Zhenghe* p. 256)