\r大枣\pj374.bmp\r
味甘，气平温。气浓，属土有火，阳也，降也。无毒。北郡俱生，青山（属山东）独胜
。末秋摘取，微火烘干。多膏甚甜，形大核细。觅斯入药，不负所名。（诸果只载其名，惟
枣独加大字故云。）忌生葱，杀乌毒。（乌头毒也。）劈除内核，服免人烦。通九窍略亚菖蒲
，和百药不让甘草。养脾胃益气，润心肺生津。助诸经，补五脏。中满及热疾忌食，齿疼并
风疾禁尝。生枣食多，胀脐腹作痢；蒸枣旋啖，益肠胃肥中。苦枣大寒，
系枣中味苦者便是；寒邪外感，致热伏脏腑者能医。通大小二便，去狂荡烦满。煮研代蜜，
丸药弥佳。枣核以
口常含，受气自生津液。陈年核中仁，燔之味苦；（三岁者良。）中恶腹内痛，服即效
臻。叶覆麻黄，能令出汗。余产因州土不一，各各且形状亦殊。牙枣波斯枣略尖
长。（出广州。）御枣水菱枣极甘美。（出安邑。）天蒸枣皮薄而皱。（出江南州，
蒸熟火烘。）羊矢枣实小
边腰枣，出江东。） 东海枣头圆而形大
不入药煎。
\r柿\pj375.bmp\r
味甘，气寒。属金有土，阴也。无毒。各处俱产，青州（注前）独佳。虽多种类之名，
并
润心肺住嗽，开胃脘消痰。腹内宿血旋除，口中吐血易止。解渴补虚劳不足，涩肠禁热痢频
来。耳鼻气可通，但忌蟹同
食。误犯痛泻，为害匪轻。
红柿忌
鹿心柿略大微寒。
牛奶柿至小极冷。俱不宜多食，恐寒中腹痛。
干柿气平，久服有益。涩
柿亦消宿血健脾，仍涩下焦。柿蒂疗呃逆灵，柿霜治劳嗽效。
枯叶滑泽，古取临书。水皮下血能医，研细米饮调服。俗传柿
多阴，三无鸟窠，四无虫蚀，
五霜叶可玩，六嘉实，七落叶肥大也。
大枣
味甘，气性平温。气味浓厚，属性属土兼有火性，为阳，作用趋向下降。无毒。北方各地均有生长，但山东青山所产最为优异。在深秋时节采摘，用微火烘干。果肉多浆且非常甜，果实大且核小。寻找这种药材入药，才不负它“大枣”的名号。（其他果类只记载名称，唯独枣加上“大”字，所以这样说。）忌与生葱同食，能解乌头毒。（乌头即乌头之毒。）劈开去除内部硬核，服用可避免使人烦闷。通利九窍的功效略逊于石菖蒲，调和诸药的能力不亚于甘草。滋养脾胃、益气，滋润心肺、生津液。辅助各经脉，补益五脏。腹部胀满及热性疾病者忌食，牙齿疼痛及风疾患者禁止品尝。生吃枣过多，会导致脐腹胀痛并引发痢疾；蒸熟后立即食用，有益肠胃、充实中焦。苦枣性质大寒，就是枣中味道发苦的那种；外感寒邪导致热邪伏藏于脏腑的病症能够医治。通利大小便，去除狂躁、荡涤烦闷。煮烂研碎代替蜂蜜，制作丸药更为适宜。口中常含枣核，自身气息自然能生津液。陈年枣核中的仁，烧后味苦（以三年以上的为佳）。突发恶疾腹内疼痛，服用即见效。枣叶覆盖在麻黄上，能使人体出汗。其他产地因水土不同，形状也各不相同。牙枣和波斯枣略呈尖长形。（产自广州。）御枣和水菱枣极其甘甜美味。（产自安邑。）天蒸枣皮薄且起皱纹。（产自江南各州，蒸熟后用火烘制。）羊矢枣果实小，边腰枣……东海枣头部圆而形体大，不入药煎煮。
柿
味甘，气性寒。属性属金兼有土性，为阴。无毒。各处都有出产，青州（注：前文提及）所产最佳。虽然种类名称众多，但都具有滋润心肺、止咳、开胃脘、消痰的作用。清除腹内陈旧瘀血，容易止住口中吐血。解除口渴、补益虚劳不足，涩肠以禁止热痢频繁发作。耳鼻之气可通，但忌与螃蟹同食。误犯此禁忌会引起腹痛腹泻，危害不小。红柿忌……鹿柿略大且微寒。牛奶柿极小且极冷。都不宜多吃，恐怕寒气伤中导致腹痛。干柿气性平，长期服用有益。涩柿也能消除宿血、健脾，同时涩固下焦。柿蒂治疗呃逆灵验，柿霜治疗劳嗽有效。枯叶滑润光泽，古人曾取来练习书法。水皮能医皮下出血，研细后用米汤调服。俗传柿子树有“六无”：一无鸟巢，二无虫蚀，三无……五有经霜后可观赏的叶子，六有美好的果实，七有肥大的落叶。
Jujube (Da Zao)
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is neutral and warm. The qi is dense, belonging to Earth with Fire, which is Yang in nature and descending in action. It is non-toxic. It grows in all northern commanderies, but the produce from Qingshan (in Shandong) is superior. It is harvested in late autumn and dried over a mild fire. It has abundant pulp and is very sweet, with large fruit and small seeds. Seeking this herb for medicinal use lives up to its name "Great Jujube". (Other fruits are only listed by name, but only the jujube is prefixed with "Great", hence this statement.) It is contraindicated with raw green onions and can counteract the poison of Aconitum carmichaelii (Wutou). Splitting it open and removing the inner core prevents causing irritability when taken. Its ability to unblock the nine orifices is slightly inferior to that of Acorus tatarinowii (Changpu), but its ability to harmonize hundred herbs is not surpassed by Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gancao). It nourishes the Spleen and Stomach, benefits Qi, moistens the Heart and Lungs, and generates fluids. It assists the meridians and tonifies the Five Zang organs. It is contraindicated for those with abdominal fullness and heat diseases, and forbidden for those with toothache and wind diseases. Eating too many raw jujubes causes umbilical and abdominal distension and dysentery; eating steamed jujubes immediately benefits the intestines and stomach and enriches the Middle Jiao. Bitter jujubes have a cold nature; they refer to the bitter-tasting variety of jujube and can treat conditions where external cold pathogens cause heat to be trapped within the Zang-Fu organs. They promote urination and defecation, and remove mania and fullness. Boiled and ground, they serve as a better substitute for honey in making pills. Constantly holding jujube pits in the mouth allows natural Qi to generate fluids. The kernels inside old jujube pits, when burnt, taste bitter (three-year-old ones are best). For sudden evil pathogens causing abdominal pain, taking them brings immediate efficacy. Covering Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) with jujube leaves induces sweating. Other producing areas vary due to different soils and waters, resulting in varied shapes. Ya jujubes and Persian jujubes are slightly pointed and long (produced in Guangzhou). Imperial jujubes and water-lingonberry jujubes are extremely sweet and delicious (produced in Anyi). Tian steamed jujubes have thin, wrinkled skin (produced in Jiangnan prefectures, steamed ripe and then fire-dried). Yangshi jujubes have small fruits, Bianyao jujubes... Donghai jujubes have round heads and large shapes, but are not used for decoction.
Persimmon (Shi)
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is cold. It belongs to Metal with Earth, which is Yin in nature. It is non-toxic. It is produced everywhere, but the produce from Qingzhou is the best. Although there are many varieties, they all moisten the Heart and Lungs, stop coughing, open the appetite, resolve phlegm, eliminate old blood in the abdomen, and easily stop hematemesis. They relieve thirst, tonify deficiency and exhaustion, astringe the intestines, and prevent frequent hot dysentery. They can unblock the Qi of the nose and ears, but are contraindicated with crab consumption. Violating this禁忌 causes painful diarrhea, which is serious. Red persimmons are contraindicated... Deer persimmons are slightly larger and mildly cold. Milk persimmons are very small and extremely cold. None should be eaten in excess, as it may cause cold injury to the Middle Jiao leading to abdominal pain. Dried persimmons have a neutral nature and are beneficial with long-term use. Astringent persimmons also eliminate old blood, strengthen the Spleen, and astringe the Lower Jiao. Persimmon calyx treats hiccups effectively, and persimmon frost treats consumptive coughs effectively. Withered leaves are smooth and glossy, historically used for calligraphy practice. Water peel can treat subcutaneous bleeding; grind finely and take with rice decoction. Folklore states that persimmon trees have "Six No's": no bird nests, no insect erosion, no..., five have frost-covered leaves suitable for viewing, six have good fruits, and seven have large fallen leaves.