\r楝(音练)实\pj285.bmp\r
(即金铃子)
味苦,气寒。有小毒。蛟龙极畏,堤岸多栽。在处有之,川蜀独胜。木高丈余略大,叶
密如槐稍长。花红紫甚香,
实青黄类弹。待冬收采,向日曝干。取肉堪煎,去皮去核。一说将核捣碎,浆水煮一伏时。
漉晒收藏,亦堪入药。大抵
用核莫用肉,用肉莫
水道,杀三虫疥疡。
性微寒,雌雄两种。雄根赤无子,大毒忌煎;雌根白子多,微毒宜采。择向东者,才入药灵。
略刮外青,只留里白。单
味煎酒,大能追虫。宜月前,忌月后。(月半前虫头向上,月
引虫口开;顿饮浓药汤,过
昼即利。多则成团追下,少则逐
石茱萸,即花落子。外科
亦
\r蕤核\pj286.bmp\r
味甘,气温、微寒。无毒。生函谷及巴西河东,类乌豆但略圆而扁。外有纹理,六月
采收。碎核壳取仁,去皮尖研烂。辅佐良药,专治眼科。消上下 风肿烂弦,除左右 热障
努
蕤子啖之,亦止鼻衄。
\r浓朴\pj287.bmp\r
味苦、辛,气大温。属土,有火。阴中之阳,可升可降。无毒。树甚高硕,榛乃别名
。陕西川蜀多生,梓州(属四川)出者独胜。凡资治病,秋尽采皮。择浓脂颜色紫莹佳,去
粗
泽,(寒水石、硝石、泽泻。)使炮熟干姜。诸豆忌之,食则动气。
主中风寒热,治霍乱转筋。止呕逆吐酸,禁泻痢淋露。消痰下气。与枳实大黄同用,实满能
泄;温中益气,与陈皮苍术同用,湿满能除。与解利药同用,则治伤寒头疼;与泄痢药同用
,则浓肠胃止泄。大抵味苦气温,故用苦则泄,用温则补。《衍义》云∶平胃散中,用之最
当。既温脾胃,又走冷气。再随证加灭,妙不可胜言。洁古亦曰∶治腹痛胀满,散结之神药
也。倘患者虚弱,须斟酌少加。对证不真,误服太过,则反脱人元气,岂不慎哉!若气实人
服多参 ,致成喘闷者,正此泄除,不在禁也。孕妇忌用,女科当知。子入医方,又
名逐折。散结疗鼠 ,益
气明眼睛。
(谟)按∶丹溪云∶浓朴气药,温而能散,故泄胃中实也。平胃散用佐疮术,正乃泄去
上焦之
湿,不使胃土太过,得复其平致于和而已,非谓温补脾胃焉。习以成俗,皆胃之补。哀哉!
然治腹胀者,因味辛能提其气故尔。
【楝实】
(即金铃子)
味道苦,性质寒。有小毒。蛟龙非常畏惧它,堤岸上多种植此树。各地都有生长,但川蜀地区出产的最为优良。树木高约一丈多,略粗大,叶子茂密像槐树叶但稍长。花呈红紫色,香气很浓,果实青黄色类似弹丸。等到冬天采收,对着太阳晒干。取果肉用于煎煮,需去皮去核。另一种说法是将果核捣碎,用浆水煮一个时辰(两小时)。滤出后晒干收藏,也可以入药。大致来说,用果核不要用果肉;如果用果肉,不要用水道(此处疑为衍文或特定用法,原文语境似指某种禁忌或方法,结合下文“杀三虫疥疡”,可能指外用或特定炮制),可杀灭三种寄生虫及治疗疥疮疡肿。
性微寒,分雌雄两种。雄株根呈红色,不结果实,毒性大,忌用煎服;雌株根呈白色,果实多,毒性微,适宜采摘。选择向东生长的枝条,药效才灵验。稍微刮去外皮青色,只保留内部白色部分。单味药煎酒服用,能强力驱除寄生虫。宜在农历月半前服用(此时虫头向上,引动虫口张开);顿饮浓药汤,过白天即可排出。药量大则成团排出,药量小则逐次排出。石茱萸,就是花落后的子。外科也使用。
【蕤核】
味道甘,性质温、微寒。无毒。生长在函谷及巴西河东等地,形状像乌豆但略圆而扁。外表有纹理,六月采收。敲碎果壳取仁,去皮尖后研烂。作为辅助良药,专门治疗眼科疾病。消除上下眼睑的风肿和烂弦眼,去除左右眼的热障和努肉。吃蕤子也能止住鼻出血。
【浓朴】
味道苦、辛,性质大温。属土,兼有火性。阴中之阳,作用可升可降。无毒。树木非常高硕,榛是它的别名。陕西、川蜀多地生长,梓州(属四川)出产的最好。凡是用来治病,在秋末采收树皮。选择油脂浓厚、颜色紫莹润泽的佳材,去掉粗糙的外皮。(配伍:寒水石、硝石、泽泻。)经过炮制成熟干姜。各种豆类忌与浓朴同食,否则会引起气机紊乱。
主治中风引起的寒热症状,治疗霍乱导致的转筋。止呕逆吐酸,禁止泻痢淋露。消除痰浊,下气。与枳实、大黄同用,能泄除实满;温中益气,与陈皮、苍术同用,能祛除湿满。与解表利药同用,则治疗伤寒头疼;与治泻痢药同用,则厚肠胃止泻。大致来说,味道苦性质温,所以用苦味则能泄,用温性则能补。《衍义》说:平胃散中使用它最为恰当。既能温脾胃,又能驱散冷气。再根据病症加减,妙处不可胜言。洁古也说:它是治疗腹痛胀满、散结的神药。如果患者身体虚弱,必须斟酌少量添加。如果对证不准,误服过量,反而会耗脱人的元气,这难道不谨慎吗!如果是气实的人服用过多人参,导致喘闷的,正是用浓朴来泄除,不在禁忌之列。孕妇忌用,妇科应当知晓。种子入医方,又名逐折。能散结疗鼠瘘,益气明目。
(陈嘉谟)按语:丹溪说:浓朴是气药,温而能散,所以能泄除胃中的实邪。平胃散中配合苍术,正是为了泄去上焦的湿气,不让胃土太过,使其恢复平和达到和谐而已,并不是说它能温补脾胃。习以为常,都认为是胃的补药。可悲啊!然而治疗腹胀,是因为它味辛能提举气机的缘故。
[Fructus Meliae]
(Also known as Jinlingzi)
Bitter in taste, cold in nature. Slightly toxic. Dragons and serpents greatly fear it; it is often planted along embankments. It grows everywhere, but the produce from Sichuan and Shu regions is superior. The tree grows over one zhang (approx. 3.3 meters) high and is somewhat thick. The leaves are dense like those of the locust tree but slightly longer. The flowers are reddish-purple with a strong fragrance. The fruits are greenish-yellow, resembling small balls. Harvested in winter, dried in the sun. The pulp is used for decoction, requiring removal of the skin and seeds. Another method involves crushing the seeds, boiling them in grain paste water for one shichen (two hours), filtering, drying, and storing; this can also be used medicinally. Generally, use the seed rather than the pulp; if using the pulp, avoid certain methods (text implies specific preparation or contraindication related to "water channels"), as it kills three types of parasites and treats scabies and sores.
Slightly cold in nature, divided into male and female varieties. Male roots are red and bear no fruit; they are highly toxic and should not be decocted. Female roots are white and bear many fruits; they are slightly toxic and suitable for harvesting. Select branches growing towards the east for best efficacy. Scrape off the outer green skin, retaining only the inner white part. Decocted alone in wine, it strongly expels parasites. It is advisable to take it before the middle of the lunar month (when parasite heads face upward, opening their mouths); drinking a concentrated decoction allows expulsion during the day. Large doses cause expulsion in clumps, while smaller doses expel them gradually. Zhuoyuzi (Cornus officinalis fruit), which is the fruit after flower fall, is also used in external medicine.
[Prunus Persica Seed / Rui He]
Sweet in taste, warm and slightly cold in nature. Non-toxic. Grows in Hangu and east of the Yellow River in Brazil (likely a textual error for a local place name, possibly referring to regions near the river). It resembles black soybeans but is rounder and flatter. The exterior has texture. Harvested in June. Crush the shell to obtain the kernel, remove the skin and tips, and grind into a paste. As an auxiliary good medicine, it specializes in treating ophthalmic diseases. It reduces wind swelling and marginal blepharitis (rotten string eyes) above and below, and removes heat obstructions and pterygium (nu rou) on the left and right. Eating Rui Zi can also stop epistaxis (nosebleeds).
[Magnolia Officinalis Bark / Houpo]
Bitter and pungent in taste, very warm in nature. Belongs to Earth, with Fire attributes. Yang within Yin, its action can ascend and descend. Non-toxic. The tree is very tall and robust; Zhen is another name for it. It grows abundantly in Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Shu, with the best quality coming from Lizhou (in Sichuan). For medicinal use, harvest the bark at the end of autumn. Select bark with thick oil content and a purple, lustrous color; remove the rough outer layer. (Combinations: Hanshuishi [Calcitum], Xiaoshi [Natrii Nitras], Zexie [Alismatis Rhizoma].) Processed with roasted dried ginger. Beans are contraindicated with Houpo; consumption causes qi disturbance.
It primarily treats wind-stroke with alternating chills and fever, and cholera with muscle cramps. It stops vomiting, acid regurgitation, diarrhea, dysentery, and strangury. It resolves phlegm and directs qi downward. When used together with Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Dahuang (Rhubarb), it drains excess fullness. When used with Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel) and Cangzhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), it dispels dampness-induced fullness. Used with exterior-resolving agents, it treats headache due to cold damage; used with anti-diarrheal agents, it thickens the intestines and stops diarrhea. Generally, because it is bitter and warm, bitterness drains, and warmth tonifies. *Yanyi* states: In Pingwei San, its use is most appropriate. It warms the spleen and stomach and moves cold qi. Further adjustments based on symptoms yield indescribable benefits. Jiegou also said: It is a divine medicine for treating abdominal pain, distension, and resolving nodules. If the patient is weak, dosage must be carefully reduced. If the diagnosis is inaccurate and taken in excess, it may deplete vital qi; how prudent one must be! If a person with excess qi takes too much Ginseng and develops wheezing and oppression, Houpo is used to drain this excess and is not contraindicated here. Pregnant women should avoid it; gynecologists should know this. The seed, when used in medical formulas, is also called Zhuzhe. It resolves nodules, treats scrofula, boosts qi, and brightens the eyes.
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Danxi stated: Houpo is a qi-regulating herb, warm and dispersing, thus it drains excess in the stomach. In Pingwei San, combined with Cangzhu, it precisely drains dampness from the upper jiao, preventing the earth element of the stomach from becoming excessive, thereby restoring balance and harmony; it does not mean it tonifies the spleen and stomach with warmth. Custom has led people to believe it is a tonic for the stomach. How lamentable! However, in treating abdominal distension, it works because its pungency can lift qi.