\r牛黄\pj433.bmp\r
味甘，气平。有小毒。各处俱资耕耘，黄色牯者为美。有黄凝结，两眼血红。因内热
气熏蒸，无时鸣吼饮水。（亦好照水。）急以盆盛栈外，引之欲饮不能。渴甚必自吐来，伺者
喝迫便堕。此生黄者《衍义》云∶喝迫而得者，乃名生黄。）价类黄金。暗室阴干，（忌
见日
月
光。）成于百日。轻虚重叠可揭，嗅气息微香；（又等犁牛黄，坚而不香。）状若鸡卵黄同，
摩指甲竟透。凡遇卖者，亦此辨真。再有角黄、心黄、肝胆黄，各从所得为名。杀剖
间，或
亦有。（今人得者，多系此黄。初如浆汁，取得便投水中，沾水乃硬如碎蒺藜，或皂角子是
也。）功力虽次，亦可代充。恶龙骨、龙胆、地黄，畏蜚蠊、牛膝、干漆。忌常山勿用，使
人参相宜。惟入肝经，专除筋病。疗小儿诸痫惊吊，客忤口噤不开；治大人癫狂发 ，中风
痰壅不语。除邪逐鬼，定魄安魂。更得牡丹菖蒲，又能聪耳明目。孕妇忌服，能堕胎元。
牛角 系角杪尖，用烧灰存性。磁钵内擂末绝细，调热酒下咽。治闭血瘀血作疼，血
崩亦治；
痛惟宜。鼻炙
理
口眼 斜，贴好边牵正；（斜左贴右，斜右贴左。）作羹调乳汁短少，吞天晓润通。肾
补肾气
益
精，肝助肝血明目。肺止咳逆，心主虚忘。胆益睛眸，兼滋唇口焦燥；肉
养肌肉，能使中气发生。小肠、大肠、广肠并浓各肠，除肠风痔漏；
血脾、百叶、草肚俱健脾胃，免饮积食伤
牛茎塞带漏结胎，牛脑却风痫止渴。髓益气以禁泄痢，又和地黄白蜜，（各
等分，熬成膏。）
平三焦安五脏，治瘦怯补中，乳养血而补虚羸，仍造酪酥醍醐；（乳成酪，酪成酥，酥
成醍
醐。色黄白，甘脆爽口。《本经》云∶牛酥尤胜羊酥。）除肺痿，止吐衄，润毛发住嗽，
乳腐（即乳饼。）利十二经脉，通大小便难。悬蹄去一切热风，止赤白漏下。
血补身血枯涸，齿
疗小儿牛痫。耳中垢可敷蛇伤，口中涎专主翻胃。小儿不能行步，脐中毛
可煎尝。鼻中木卷
炼灰，（草卷烧之。）鼻下生疮敷妙。口中 草绞汁，喉中噎逆服佳。溺饮消水肿如神，
从尿
管利出；尿燔涂鼠 最验，愈灸疮尤奇。黄犊脐屎检来，烧擂细末；暴惊九窍血出，
水服立
差。败鼓皮，是牛皮者勿吝收贮；诛蛊毒，为蛊胀部绝妙神丹。（其方用鼓皮广五寸，
长一
尺，蔷薇根五寸，如足拇指大。或云∶是莨菪根，锉，以水一升，酒三升，全熬二升，服之
，当下蛊虫而愈。
（谟）按∶丹溪云∶牛，坤土也。黄，土之色也。以顺为性，而效法乎干。以为功者，
牡之用
也。故丹暴发邪盛之病，诸肉皆忌，惟牛肉独不忌者，因其能补脾胃为胜尔。盖人身以脾胃
为本，脾胃属土，此能补之，亦各从其类也。又独肝者，食之杀人，不可不识。
牛黄
味甘，气平。有小毒。各地都依赖耕牛进行耕作，黄色的公牛品质最佳。体内有黄色物质凝结，且双眼血红。这是因为内热之气熏蒸所致，没有固定时间地鸣叫、吼叫并饮水。（也喜欢照水。）急忙用盆在圈栏外盛水，引诱它想喝却喝不到。极度口渴后必定会自行呕吐出体内的黄块，看守者用力逼迫它就会掉落。这种自然脱落的称为“生黄”，《本草衍义》中说：因逼迫而得到的，才叫做生黄。价格堪比黄金。在暗处阴干，（忌讳见到日月之光），需要一百天才能制成。质地轻虚重叠可揭开，闻起来气息微香；（还有犁牛的黄，坚硬且不香）。形状像鸡蛋黄一样，在指甲上摩擦能透过去。凡是遇到售卖的，也用这个方法辨别真伪。另外还有角黄、心黄、肝胆黄，各自根据所得部位命名。宰杀剖解时，或许也会有。（现在人得到的，多属于这类黄。初时如浆汁，取得后立即投入水中，沾水后就变硬如碎蒺藜或皂角子模样。）虽然药效稍次，也可以代替充数。畏恶龙骨、龙胆、地黄，畏惧蜚蠊、牛膝、干漆。忌与常山同用，使人参配伍适宜。只入肝经，专门去除筋病。治疗小儿各种癫痫惊风、客忤口噤不开；治疗大人癫狂发作、中风痰壅不语。驱除邪气鬼祟，安定魂魄。再加上牡丹、石菖蒲，又能使耳聪目明。孕妇忌服，会导致堕胎。
牛角
系指角梢尖部分，使用时烧成炭保留药性。在磁钵中研磨成极细粉末，调热酒吞服。治疗闭血瘀血作痛，血崩也能治疗；疼痛适宜使用。鼻部炙烤调理口眼歪斜，贴在好的一侧以牵引端正；（向左歪贴右边，向右歪贴左边）。做成羹汤调和乳汁短少，天亮时服用滋润通畅。补肾气益精，助肝血明目。肺止咳逆，心主虚忘。胆益睛眸，兼滋唇口焦燥；肉养肌肉，能使中气发生。小肠、大肠、广肠及各段肠，除去肠风痔漏；血、脾、百叶、草肚都健脾胃，避免饮食积滞损伤。牛茎塞带治漏结胎，牛脑祛风痫止渴。髓益气以禁泄痢，又和地黄白蜜，（各等分，熬成膏），平三焦安五脏，治瘦怯补中，乳养血而补虚羸，仍造酪酥醍醐；（乳变成酪，酪变成酥，酥变成醍醐。色黄白，甘脆爽口。《本经》说：牛酥尤其胜过羊酥）。除肺痿，止吐衄，润毛发住嗽，乳腐（即乳饼）利十二经脉，通大小便难。悬蹄去一切热风，止赤白漏下。血补身血枯涸，齿疗小儿牛痫。耳中垢可敷蛇伤，口中涎专主翻胃。小儿不能行步，脐中毛可煎尝。鼻中木卷炼灰，（草卷烧之），鼻下生疮敷妙。口中草绞汁，喉中噎逆服佳。溺饮消水肿如神，从尿管利出；尿燔涂鼠最验，愈灸疮尤奇。黄犊脐屎检来，烧擂细末；暴惊九窍血出，水服立差。败鼓皮，是牛皮者勿吝收贮；诛蛊毒，为蛊胀部绝妙神丹。（其方用鼓皮广五寸，长一尺，蔷薇根五寸，如足拇指大。或云：是莨菪根，锉，以水一升，酒三升，全熬二升，服之，当下蛊虫而愈。
（陈嘉谟）按语：朱丹溪说：牛，属坤土。黄，是土的颜色。以顺从为性情，而效法于乾。作为功效而言，是牡牛的作用。所以丹溪认为暴发邪盛之病，各种肉都忌口，只有牛肉不忌，因为它的补脾胃作用最好。大概人身以脾胃为本，脾胃属土，这能补之，也是各从其类。另外唯独肝脏，食用会杀人，不可不认识。
Bovis Calculus (Niuhuang)
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Slightly toxic. Oxen are utilized for plowing in all regions; yellow bulls are considered the finest. When yellow matter congeals internally, accompanied by blood-red eyes, it is caused by the steaming of internal heat, leading to frequent bellowing and drinking. (It also likes to look at its reflection in water.) Quickly place a basin outside the pen with water to lure it, making it want to drink but unable to do so. Thirsty to the extreme, it will inevitably vomit up the substance itself; attendants forcing it will cause it to drop. This naturally shed form is called "Sheng Huang" (Raw Gallstone). *Bencao Yanyi* states: That which is obtained through coercion is named Sheng Huang. Its price rivals gold. It should be dried in the shade in a dark room (avoiding sunlight and moonlight), taking one hundred days to complete. It is light, void, and layered, capable of being peeled apart; smelling faintly fragrant. (In contrast, gallstones from oxen used for plowing are hard and not fragrant.) Its shape resembles egg yolk, and when rubbed on fingernails, it penetrates through. To verify authenticity when purchasing, use this method. Additionally, there are Horn Gallstones, Heart Gallstones, and Liver/Gallbladder Gallstones, each named after their source. During slaughter and dissection, these may occasionally appear. (Those obtained nowadays are mostly of this type. Initially like juice, they become hard as broken Tribulus or Gleditsia sinensis seeds upon contact with water.) Although their efficacy is inferior, they can serve as substitutes. They are incompatible with Ostreae Concha (Longgu), Gentianae Radix (Longdan), and Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang); they fear Blatta orientalis (Feilian), Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi), and Dried Lacquer (Ganqi). Changshan (Dichroa Radix) should not be used with them, while Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) is suitable for combination. It enters only the Liver Meridian, specifically treating tendon diseases. It treats various pediatric epileptic convulsions, sudden fright, and locked jaws; it manages adult mania, stroke with phlegm obstruction causing aphasia. It expels evil spirits, stabilizes the soul, and calms the mind. Combined with Paeonia suffruticosa Bark (Mudanpi) and Acorus tatarinowii Rhizome (Changpu), it enhances hearing and vision. Pregnant women should avoid it as it induces abortion.
Bovis Cornu (Niujiao)
Refers to the tips of the horns, processed by burning to charcoal while retaining properties. Ground into an extremely fine powder in a porcelain mortar, taken down with warm wine. It treats blood stasis causing pain and metrorrhagia; suitable for pain relief. Applied via moxibustion to correct facial paralysis (deviation of mouth and eyes); apply to the healthy side to pull the affected side straight (if deviated left, apply right; if right, apply left). Made into a soup to regulate scanty lactation; taken at dawn to moisten and unblock. It tonifies Kidney Qi and essence, assists Liver Blood to brighten the eyes. Treats Lung cough and rebellion, Heart deficiency forgetfulness. Benefits the Gallbladder and eyes, moistens dry lips and mouth. Meat nourishes muscles and generates Middle Jiao Qi. Small intestine, large intestine, and other intestinal parts treat intestinal wind and hemorrhoids. Blood, spleen, tripe, and rumen strengthen the Spleen and Stomach, preventing food stagnation injury. Bull penis treats leakage and retained placenta; bull brain dispels wind epilepsy and stops thirst. Marrow tonifies Qi to stop dysentery; combined with Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang) and white honey (equal parts, boiled into paste), it harmonizes the Three Jiao and calms the Five Zang organs, treats emaciation, and tonifies the center. Milk nourishes Blood and tonifies deficiency; it is processed into curd, butter, and ghee. (Milk becomes curd, curd becomes butter, butter becomes ghee. Yellow-white, sweet, crisp, and refreshing. *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: Bovine butter surpasses ovine butter.) It treats lung abscess, stops hematemesis and epistaxis, moistens hair, and stops cough. Fermented milk curd (Rubing) benefits the Twelve Meridians and relieves constipation. Suspended hoof dispels wind-heat and stops leukorrhea. Blood tonifies depleted body blood. Teeth treat pediatric bovine epilepsy. Earwax applied externally treats snake bites. Saliva specifically treats vomiting/regurgitation. For infants unable to walk, umbilical cord hair decocted and tasted helps. Burned ash of nasal hair (grass burned) is excellent for ulcers under the nose. Juice squeezed from oral grass is good for throat obstruction. Urine drunk eliminates edema miraculously, draining through the urethra; burned urine applied to rat bites is effective, and healing moxibustion wounds is remarkable. Feces from the umbilicus of a yellow calf, ground into fine powder after burning, taken with water, immediately stops bleeding from nine orifices due to sudden fright. Rotten drum skin (bovine hide) should be stored generously; it is a miraculous pill for dispelling gu poison and treating gu distension. (The prescription uses drum skin 5 cun wide and 1 chi long, Rosa multiflora root 5 cun thick as a thumb. Or said to be Datura stramonium root, chopped, boiled with one sheng of water and three sheng of wine until two sheng remain. Taking it causes the expulsion of gu worms and cure.)
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Zhu Danxi stated: The ox belongs to Kun Earth. Yellow is the color of Earth. Its nature is submissive, modeling itself after Qian Heaven. In terms of function, it represents the utility of the male ox. Therefore, Zhu Danxi believed that for acute diseases with excess pathogenic factors, all meats are taboo, except beef, because its ability to tonify the Spleen and Stomach is superior. Essentially, the human body regards the Spleen and Stomach as the root; since the Spleen and Stomach belong to Earth, beef's tonifying effect aligns with this similarity. However, the liver alone, if consumed, can be fatal; this must be recognized.