\r牡丹\pj195.bmp\r
味辛、苦，气寒。阴中微阳。无毒。多生汉中巴郡，花开品色异常。富贵表先贤赞扬
，赏玩为当世贵重。凡资治疗，惟采根皮。家园花千层，根气发夺无力；山谷花单瓣，根性
完具有神。赤专利多，
白兼补最。入剂之际，不可不知。今世多取桔梗皮代充，或采五加皮杂卖。乖谬殊甚，
选择宜精。经入足肾少阴，
及手厥阴包络。忌葫蒜，畏菟丝。凉骨蒸不遗，止吐衄必用。除症坚瘀血留舍于肠胃中，散
冷热血气攻作于生产后。仍
主神志不足，更调经水欠匀。治风痫定搐止惊，疗痈肿排脓住痛。
（谟）按∶牡牝乃天地称，牡则为群花首。花为阴成实，叶为阳发生。丹系赤色象离，
阴中之
地骨皮治有汗骨蒸，牡丹皮治无汗骨蒸。盖有见于此尔。《本经》又云
足，手少阴也；志不足，足少
阴也。张仲景八味丸用者，又非主于斯乎。
\r大小蓟\pj196.bmp\r
味甘、苦，气温。一云气凉。无毒。虽系两种，气味不殊。随处田野俱生，北平（今
顺天）出者力胜。盖蓟门以
蓟取名，则可征矣。凡资治疗，用须采根。大蓟高三四尺余，叶多青刺而皱。花开如
髻，赤若红蓝，北人因之，呼
为千针草也。破血捷，消肿奇。吐衄唾咯立除，沃漏崩中即止。去蜘蛛蝎子咬毒，平 突痛
甚痈疽。并捣烂绞浓汁半瓯，
搀童便或醇酒饮下。小蓟鱼高尺许，花亦如前，但叶略差，有刺不皱。仅理血疾，不
治外科。
牡丹
味辛、苦，气寒。属于阴中微阳。无毒。多生长在汉中巴郡，花开品种颜色异常美丽。富贵之人效仿先贤赞扬，赏玩被视为当世贵重之物。凡是用于医疗，只采集根皮。家园种植的千层花，根气发散而药效无力；山谷生长的单瓣花，根性完整且具有神效。赤丹皮专于破血利瘀，白丹皮兼有补益功效。入药使用时，不可不知此理。当今世人多用桔梗皮冒充，或采五加皮混杂售卖。谬误非常严重，选择应当精细。经入足少阴肾经，及手厥阴心包络。忌食葫蒜，畏菟丝子。能清除骨蒸潮热不留遗患，止吐衄必用。除症坚瘀血留舍于肠胃中，散冷热血气攻作于生产后。仍主神志不足，更调经水欠匀。治风痫定搐止惊，疗痈肿排脓住痛。
（陈嘉谟）按：牡牝乃天地之称，牡则为群花之首。花为阴成实，叶为阳发生。丹系赤色象离，地骨皮治有汗骨蒸，牡丹皮治无汗骨蒸。盖有见于此尔。《本经》又云足，手少阴也；志不足，足少阴也。张仲景八味丸用者，又非主于斯乎。
大小蓟
味甘、苦，气温。一说气凉。无毒。虽系两种，气味不殊。随处田野俱生，北平（今顺天）出者力胜。盖蓟门以蓟取名，则可征矣。凡资治疗，用须采根。大蓟高三四尺余，叶多青刺而皱。花开如髻，赤若红蓝，北人因之，呼为千针草也。破血捷，消肿奇。吐衄唾咯立除，沃漏崩中即止。去蜘蛛蝎子咬毒，平突痛甚痈疽。并捣烂绞浓汁半瓯，搀童便或醇酒饮下。小蓟鱼高尺许，花亦如前，但叶略差，有刺不皱。仅理血疾，不治外科。
Peony Root Bark (Mudanpi)
Taste: Pungent, Bitter. Nature: Cold. Category: Slightly Yang within Yin. Non-toxic. Grows abundantly in Hanzhong and Ba Commandery. The flowers exhibit exceptional varieties and colors. Wealthy individuals emulate the praise of ancient sages, regarding its appreciation as a precious activity of the contemporary era. For medicinal use, only the root bark is harvested. Peonies cultivated in gardens with double petals have roots with dispersed Qi and weak efficacy; those growing in valleys with single petals possess complete root nature and potent spiritual efficacy. Red peony root bark specializes in invigorating blood and resolving stasis, while white peony root bark兼具 tonifying effects. When preparing decoctions, this distinction must not be overlooked. Currently, people often substitute it with Platycodon root bark (Jiegengpi) or mix it with Acanthopanax root bark (Wujiapi). This deviation is extremely erroneous, so selection should be meticulous. It enters the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and the Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian. Avoid garlic and scallions; fear Dodder seed (Tusiren). It clears bone-steaming fever without leaving remnants, and is essential for stopping hematemesis and epistaxis. It eliminates hard masses and blood stasis retained in the intestines and stomach, disperses cold and hot blood qi attacks occurring postpartum. It also governs insufficiency of spirit and mind, and regulates irregular menstruation. It treats wind epilepsy, stabilizes convulsions, and stops fright; it heals carbuncles and swellings, discharges pus, and relieves pain.
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: "Mu" and "Pin" are terms denoting male and female from heaven and earth; "Mu" is the head among all flowers. Flowers represent Yin forming substance, leaves represent Yang generating life. Red color corresponds to Li (Fire). Cortex Mori Radicis (Digupi) treats bone-steaming with sweating, whereas Peony Root Bark (Mudanpi) treats bone-steaming without sweating. This observation likely stems from such distinctions. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* further states that the Foot Shaoyin meridian relates to the Kidney, and insufficiency of willpower (Zhi) relates to the Foot Shaoyin meridian. Zhang Zhongjing's usage in Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia Decoction (Ba Wei Wan) does not primarily focus on this aspect?
Great and Small Thistle (Da Xiao Ji)
Taste: Sweet, Bitter. Nature: Warm. Some say Cool. Non-toxic. Although two distinct types, their taste and nature are similar. They grow everywhere in fields and countryside. Those produced in Beiping (modern Shuntian) have superior efficacy. The name "Jimen" (Thistle Gate) derives from thistle, which can serve as evidence. For medicinal use, the root must be harvested. Great Thistle grows over three to four chi tall, with leaves mostly green, spiny, and wrinkled. Flowers resemble hairpins, red like red indigo, hence northerners call it "Thousand-Needle Grass." It rapidly breaks blood stasis and miraculously reduces swelling. Hematemesis, epistaxis, expectoration, and spitting are immediately removed; leakage and metrorrhagia stop instantly. It removes venom from spider and scorpion bites, and soothes severe pain from sudden abscesses. Crush and squeeze half a bowl of thick juice, mixed with child's urine or pure wine for oral administration. Small Thistle grows about one chi high, flowers similar as above, but leaves differ slightly, having spines but not wrinkled. It only manages blood diseases, not external surgeries.