\r荆门军术\pj19.bmp\r
\r石州术\pj20.bmp\r
味苦、甘、辛，气温。味浓气薄，可升可降，阳中阴也。无毒。浙术（俗呼云头
术。）
种平壤，颇肥大，由粪力滋溉；歙术，（俗呼狗头术。）产深谷，虽瘦小，得土气充盈。
（宁
国、池州、昌化产者，并与歙类，境界相邻故也。）采根秋月俱同，制度烘曝却异。浙者大
块旋曝，每润滞油多；歙者薄片顿烘，竟干燥白甚。凡用惟白为胜，仍觅歙者尤优。咀后人
乳汁润之，制其性也；润过陈壁土和炒，窃彼气焉。（取向东陈年壁土研细，和炒褐色
，筛去土用之。此因脾土受伤，故窃真土气以补助尔。若非脾病不必拘此制。）入心脾胃三
焦四经，须侠防风地榆引使。除湿益燥，缓脾生津。驱胃脘食积痰涎，消脐腹水肿胀满。止
呕逆霍乱，补劳倦内伤。手足懒举贪眠，多服益善；饮食怕进发热，倍用正宜。间发 （音
皆）疟殊功，（两日发者。）卒暴注泻立效。（水泻不禁者。）或四制研散敛汗，（出东垣方。）
或单味粥丸调脾。（出丹溪方。）奔豚积忌煎，因常闭气；痈疽毒禁用，为多生脓。治皮毛间
风，利腰脐间血。故止而皮毛，中而心胸，下而腰脐。在气主气，在血主血。又无汗则发，
有汗则止，与黄耆同功。同枳实为消痞方，助黄芩乃安胎剂。哮喘误服，壅窒难当。又种色
苍，乃名苍术。出茅山，（属直隶，句容县。）第一，择洁实尤良。刮净粗皮，泔渍炒
燥。
（米泔渍一伏时，咀片炒燥。）亦防风地榆使引，入足经阳明太阴。消痰结窠囊，去胸中窄
狭。治身面大风，风眩头痛甚
捷；辟山岚瘴气，瘟疫时气尤灵。暖胃安胎，宽中进食。驱 癖气块，止心腹胀疼。因气辛
烈窜冲，发汗除上焦湿，其
功最优。若补中焦除湿，而力甚不及于白也。仍与黄 同煎，（即二妙散。）健行下焦湿热。
《神农经》曰∶必欲长生，当
服山精。即此是矣。二术所忌，雀蛤李桃。
（谟）按∶术虽二种，补脾燥湿，功用皆同。但白者补性多，且有敛汗之效；苍者治性
多，惟
专发汗之能。凡入剂中，不可代用。然白术既燥，《本经》又谓生津何也？盖脾恶湿，脾湿
既胜，则气不得施化，津何由生？故曰膀胱津液之府，气化出焉。今用白术以燥其湿，则气
得周流，而津液亦随气化而生矣。他如茯苓亦系渗湿之药，谓之能生津者，义与此同。
味道苦、甘、辛，药性温。气味浓厚而气机轻薄，作用趋势既可上升也可下降，属于阳中之阴。无毒。浙江产的白术（俗称云头术）。种植于平坦肥沃的土地，块根颇为肥大，这是因为粪肥滋养灌溉的缘故；歙县产的白术（俗称狗头术），产于深谷之中，虽然块根瘦小，但得地气充盈。（宁国、池州、昌化出产的，都与歙县产的同类，因为地域相邻的缘故。）采收根部都在秋季，但炮制方法却不同。浙江产的大块白术旋转暴晒，每经过湿润后油脂较多；歙县产的切成薄片迅速烘干，竟然干燥且色泽很白。凡入药以色白者为胜，仍选择歙县产的尤为优良。咀嚼后用后人乳汁润湿，是为了制约其燥性；再用陈年墙壁上的土和它一起炒制，是借取墙土的气味。（选取向东的陈年壁土研细，与白术同炒至褐色，筛去泥土后使用。这是因为脾土受伤，所以借取真土之气来补助脾胃。如果不是脾病，不必拘泥于此种炮制法。）归入心、脾、胃、三焦四经，必须配合防风、地榆作为引经药。能除湿益燥，缓和脾气并生津液。驱除胃脘部的食积痰涎，消除脐腹部的肿胀满闷。止住呕吐逆气及霍乱，补益劳倦内伤。对于手足懒动、贪睡多眠的症状，多服用有益；对于饮食不进、发热的症状，加倍使用正为适宜。对于间日疟（隔一天发作一次的疟疾）有殊效，对于卒暴水泻（水样腹泻不止）立竿见影。或者用四种方法炮制后研成散剂以收敛汗液（出自李东垣方），或者单味药制成粥丸以调理脾胃（出自朱丹溪方）。奔豚积证忌用煎剂，因为它常导致气机闭塞；痈疽毒疮禁用，因为它会导致脓液增多。治疗皮毛间的风邪，疏通腰脐间的血滞。所以能止皮毛之表，通心胸之中，利腰脐之下。在气分则主理气，在血分则主理血。又无汗时能发汗，有汗时能止汗，功效与黄耆相同。与枳实同用可组成消痞方，协助黄芩则可成为安胎剂。哮喘患者误服，会导致壅塞窒闷难以忍受。另外有一种种皮颜色苍白的，名叫苍术。出自茅山（属直隶省句容县），品质第一，选择洁净坚实的尤佳。刮净粗皮，用米泔水浸泡后炒干。（米泔水浸泡一个时辰，切片炒干。）也以防风、地榆为使引药，归入足经阳明、太阴二经。消除痰结窠囊，去除胸中的狭窄感。治疗身面大风、风眩头痛非常快捷；辟除山岚瘴气、瘟疫时气尤其灵验。暖胃安胎，宽中进食。驱除癖气积块，止住心腹胀痛。因为气味辛烈窜冲，发汗以除去上焦湿气，它的功效最优。如果用来补中焦并除湿，那么力量远不及白术。仍然与黄柏同煎（即二妙散），健行以清除下焦湿热。《神农本草经》说：想要长生，应当服用山精。指的就是这个了。白术和苍术所忌讳的食物，包括雀肉、蛤蜊、李子、桃子。
（作者）按语：白术和苍术虽然分为两种，但在补脾燥湿方面的功用都是相同的。只是白术的补益性质较多，且具有收敛汗液的功效；苍术的治疗性质较多，专门具有发汗的能力。凡是入药方中，不可互相替代。然而白术既然燥湿，《本经》又说它能生津，这是为什么呢？大概是因为脾脏厌恶湿气，脾湿既盛，则气机不能施化，津液从何而生？所以说膀胱是津液之府，气化功能由此产生。现在用白术来燥其湿，则气机得以周流，而津液也随着气化而产生。其他如茯苓也是渗湿的药物，说它能生津，道理与此相同。
Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) from Jingmen Jun
Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) from Shizhou
Taste: bitter, sweet, pungent. Nature: warm. The flavor is dense while the qi is light; it can ascend and descend, belonging to yin within yang. Non-toxic. Zhejiang Bai Zhu (commonly called Yun Tou Shu). Grown in flat, fertile land, the rhizomes are quite plump due to nourishment by manure and irrigation; Shexian Bai Zhu (commonly called Gou Tou Shu), produced in deep valleys, though slender and small, is full of earthy qi. (Those produced in Ningguo, Chizhou, and Changhua are similar to those from Shexian because their borders are adjacent.) Harvesting of roots occurs in autumn for both, but processing methods differ. Zhejiang varieties are large chunks roasted while rotating, becoming oily after each moistening; Shexian varieties are sliced thin and quickly dried, resulting in extreme dryness and whiteness. In usage, whiteness indicates superiority, and Shexian origin is particularly excellent. Before use, chew and moisten with human milk to moderate its nature; then stir-fry with soil from old walls to borrow its qi. (Select soil from east-facing old walls, grind fine, stir-fry with Bai Zhu until brown, sieve out the soil. This is done because Spleen Earth is injured, so true earth qi is borrowed to supplement it. If not a Spleen disease, this processing need not be strictly followed.) Enters the Heart, Spleen, Stomach, and San Jiao meridians. Must be guided by Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) and Di Yu (Sanguisorbae Radix). Removes dampness and benefits dryness, soothes the Spleen and generates fluids. Drives out food stagnation and phlegm-saliva in the epigastrium, eliminates edema and distension in the umbilical and abdominal regions. Stops vomiting, regurgitation, and cholera-like symptoms, tonifies fatigue and internal injury. For laziness in moving hands and feet and excessive sleepiness, increased dosage is beneficial; for aversion to eating and fever, doubled dosage is appropriate. It has special efficacy for intermittent malaria (Jian Fa Nue, occurring every other day) and immediate effect for sudden profuse watery diarrhea (Cu Bao Zhu Xie). Alternatively, processed by four methods and ground into powder to arrest sweating (from Li Dongyuan's formula), or used as a single ingredient made into pills with congee to regulate the Spleen (from Zhu Danxi's formula). Decoctions are contraindicated for Ben Tun accumulation because it often causes Qi closure; carbuncles and sores are forbidden because it promotes pus generation. Treats wind in the skin and hair, benefits blood in the waist and navel. Thus, it stops at the exterior (skin/hair), penetrates to the middle (chest/heart), and descends to the lower (waist/navel). In the Qi level, it governs Qi; in the Blood level, it governs Blood. When there is no sweat, it induces sweating; when there is sweat, it stops it. Its function is similar to Huang Qi (Astragali Radix). Combined with Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), it forms a formula to dissipate痞 (fullness); assisting Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), it becomes a formula to calm the fetus. Misuse in asthma cases leads to unbearable congestion and obstruction. Another variety with pale skin is named Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma). Originating from Maoshan (belonging to Jurong County, Zhili), it is of the first quality; selecting clean and solid pieces is best. Scrape off the coarse skin, soak in rice wash water, and stir-fry until dry. (Soak in rice wash water for one shichen [approx. 2 hours], slice, and stir-fry dry.] Also guided by Fang Feng and Di Yu, enters the Foot Yangming and Taiyin meridians. Eliminates phlegm nodules and sacs, removes tightness in the chest. Treats severe wind affecting the body and face, and wind-dizziness headache very swiftly; wards off mountain miasma and epidemic seasonal pathogens especially effectively. Warms the Stomach and calms the fetus, broadens the middle and promotes appetite. Drives away mass formations, stops pain from heart and abdominal distension. Because its qi is pungent, strong, and penetrating, it induces sweating to remove dampness from the Upper Jiao, making its efficacy optimal. However, if used to tonify the Middle Jiao and remove dampness, its strength is far inferior to Bai Zhu. Still decocted together with Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex) (i.e., Er Miao San), it vigorously clears damp-heat from the Lower Jiao. The *Shennong Classic* states: "If you wish for long life, you should consume Shan Jing." This refers to this herb. The taboos for both types of Zhu include sparrow meat, clams, plums, and peaches.
(Commentary:) Although there are two types of Zhu, their functions in tonifying the Spleen and drying dampness are identical. However, Bai Zhu has more tonifying properties and possesses the ability to arrest sweating; Cang Zhu has more therapeutic/draining properties and specializes in inducing sweating. In any prescription, they cannot be used interchangeably. Yet, since Bai Zhu is drying, why does the *Ben Jing* state it generates fluids? This is because the Spleen dislikes dampness. When Spleen dampness prevails, Qi cannot transform and distribute, so how can fluids be generated? Therefore, it is said that the Bladder is the mansion of fluids, and Qi transformation arises from it. Now, using Bai Zhu to dry the dampness allows Qi to circulate freely, and fluids are subsequently generated through Qi transformation. Similarly, Fu Ling (Poria) is also a drug that leaches out dampness; saying it generates fluids follows the same logic.