\r白鲜\pj163.bmp\r
味苦、咸，气寒。无毒。山谷俱有，苗茎尺余。（嫩可作茹。）叶梢白似槐叶尤繁，花
淡紫（四月开。）如蜀葵略小。根与蔓菁仿佛，心实皮色白黄。二月采根取皮，差晚则虚恶
也。因 作羊膻气息，故俗加羊字呼名。（俗呼为白羊鲜。）恶桔梗、螵蛸及茯苓、萆 。疗
遍身黄胆湿痹，手足不能屈伸。治一切癞毒风疮，眉发因而脱落。消女人阴肿或产后余疼，
止小儿惊痫并淋沥咳逆。时热发狂，饮水多多，煎服尤宜。葛洪治鼠 有脓，熬白鲜皮膏，
吐出立愈；李兵部理肺嗽不已，制白鲜皮汤，饮下即差。
\r薇衔\pj164.bmp\r
味苦，气平，微寒。无毒。《素问》名曰麋衔，南人谓之吴风草也。根茎赤黑，花开
浅黄。叶丛生似茺蔚有毛，种两般分大小各唤。大者名大吴风草，小者名小吴风草。麋鹿有
疾，衔此草差。《素问》之名，又因此出。产汉中川谷及冤句邯郸。（属陕西。）秋采茎叶荫
干，须得秦皮为使。主风淫湿痹致历节酸疼，疗吐泻惊痫及鼠 痈肿。却热除痿蹙，逐水消
暴症。妇人服之，绝产无子。
（谟）按∶《神农经》中药之灵者，不计千百，何独麋衔、矢醴并着《素问》擅名？滑
氏《读
钞》亦尝论及，乃曰矢醴、麋衔治人疾也。岂诚二药果有过乎诸药之能，以致喋喋赞美之如
是耶！盖缘上古之人俗尚质朴，人所病者，多中实邪。二药专攻，正与相对，用每辄效，故
录其名。中古以来，咸溺酒色，病之着体，虚损居多，药宜补调，难行攻击。由是鸡矢淬酒
，
无复下咽。麋衔之名，绝不闻耳。正孟子所谓彼一时，此一时故也。不然利前之药，岂有不
利于后乎？
白鲜
味苦、咸，气寒。无毒。山谷中都有生长，苗茎高一尺多。（嫩时可作蔬菜食用。）叶梢白色，像槐叶一样繁茂，花淡紫色（四月开花），比蜀葵略小。根与蔓菁相似，中心坚实，皮色白黄。二月采集根部取皮，太晚则药材空虚恶劣。因为气味像羊膻味，所以俗名加上“羊”字称呼。（俗称白羊鲜。）忌与桔梗、海螵蛸及茯苓、萆薢同用。治疗遍身黄疸湿痹，手足不能屈伸。治疗一切癞毒风疮，导致眉毛头发脱落。消除妇女阴部肿胀或产后余痛，止小儿惊痫并淋沥咳逆。时行热病发狂，大量饮水，煎服尤为适宜。葛洪治疗鼠瘘有脓，熬制白鲜皮膏，吐出后立刻痊愈；李兵部治疗肺嗽不止，配制白鲜皮汤，饮下即好。
薇衔
味苦，气平，微寒。无毒。《素问》中称为麋衔，南方人称之为吴风草。根茎赤黑色，花开浅黄色。叶子丛生似茺蔚且有毛，分为两种，大小各称其名。大的叫大吴风草，小的叫小吴风草。麋鹿有病，衔此草而愈。《素问》中的名字，也由此而来。产于汉中川谷及冤句邯郸。（属陕西。）秋季采集茎叶阴干，必须用秦皮作为药引。主治风淫湿痹导致的历节酸疼，治疗吐泻惊痫及鼠瘘痈肿。清热除痿蹙，逐水消暴症。妇人服用，可绝产无子。
（陈嘉谟）按：《神农经》中药性灵验的，不计其数，为何唯独麋衔、矢醴并列于《素问》且享有盛名？滑氏《读钞》也曾论及，说矢醴、麋衔是治疗人类疾病的。难道这两味药真的有过人之能，以至于喋喋不休地赞美它们如此之多吗？大概是因为上古之人风俗崇尚质朴，人所患之病，多为实证邪气。这两味药专攻实邪，正与之相对，使用每每有效，所以记录其名。中古以来，人们沉溺酒色，疾病侵袭身体，虚损居多，药物宜补调，难以进行攻伐。因此鸡矢淬酒，不再有人吞咽。麋衔之名，完全听不到了。正是孟子所说的彼一时，此一时啊。不然的话，以前的药，怎么会不利于后来呢？
Bai Xian (Dictamni Cortex)
Taste: bitter, salty. Nature: cold. Non-toxic. Grows in valleys and mountains; seedlings and stems are over one chi tall. (Young shoots can be eaten as vegetables.) The leaf tips are white, resembling sophora leaves but more abundant; flowers are pale purple (blooming in April), slightly smaller than hibiscus. Roots resemble turnips, with a solid center and white-yellowish bark. Harvest roots and take the bark in February; harvesting too late results in hollow and inferior material. Because it has a smell like mutton, the character "yang" (sheep) is added to its common name. (Commonly called Bai Yang Xian.) Contraindicated with Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), Piao Xiao (Cuttlebone), Fu Ling (Poria), and Bi Xie (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome). Treats generalized jaundice and damp-bi syndrome, where hands and feet cannot flex or extend. Treats all types of leprosy-like toxic wind sores, causing eyebrows and hair to fall out. Reduces vulvar swelling in women or residual pain after childbirth. Stops pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, as well as dribbling urination and coughing with reverse qi. For epidemic febrile diseases with mania and excessive thirst, decoction and oral administration are particularly suitable. Ge Hong treated rat-fistula with pus by preparing Bai Xian Pi paste; upon vomiting it out, the patient was immediately cured. Li Bingbu treated persistent pulmonary cough by formulating Bai Xian Pi Decoction; upon drinking it, the condition improved immediately.
Wei Xian (Acanthopanacis Senticosi Caulis / or related species depending on interpretation, here translated based on context of 'Mi Xian')
Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral, slightly cold. Non-toxic. Known as Mi Xian (Elk-Forage) in *Su Wen*; southern people call it Wu Feng Cao (Wu Wind Grass). Roots and stems are reddish-black; flowers are pale yellow. Leaves grow in clusters, resembling Perilla with hairs. There are two varieties distinguished by size. The larger is named Da Wu Feng Cao (Large Wu Wind Grass); the smaller is Xiao Wu Feng Cao (Small Wu Wind Grass). When elk are ill, they chew this grass to recover. The name in *Su Wen* originates from this. Produced in Hanzhong valleys and Yuanju Handan. (Belongs to Shaanxi.) Harvest stems and leaves in autumn and shade-dry. Must use Qin Pi (Ash Bark) as an adjuvant. Primarily treats wind-damp bi syndrome causing joint acid pain (li-jie soreness). Treats vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, epilepsy, rat-fistula, and carbuncles/swellings. Clears heat, eliminates flaccidity and cramping, expels water, and dissipates acute masses. Women who take it will have no offspring (sterilizing effect).
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Among the herbs in *Shennong Bencao Jing*, those with spiritual efficacy number in the thousands. Why are only Mi Xian and Shi Li listed together in *Su Wen* and renowned? Master Hua’s *Du Chao* also discussed this, stating that Shi Li and Mi Xian treat human diseases. Do these two herbs truly possess abilities surpassing others, warranting such verbose praise? It is likely because ancient people valued simplicity, and diseases suffered were mostly excess pathogens. These two herbs specifically attack excess, matching the pathology, thus often effective, leading to their recording. Since the middle ages, people have indulged in wine and lust; diseases affecting the body are mostly deficiency and damage. Medicines should tonify and regulate, making aggressive attacks difficult. Therefore, Ji Shi Cui Jiu (Chicken Excrement Wine) is no longer swallowed. The name Mi Xian is completely unheard of. This is exactly what Mencius meant by "that time was then, this time is now." Otherwise, how could medicines beneficial in the past be detrimental later?