（一名苦酒） 味酸、甘，气温。无毒。造有数种，因着诸名。（米醋、麦醋、面醋、
桃醋、葡萄大枣 诸杂果醋
及糟糠等醋。会意者，俱极酸烈。）入药沽米醋佳，（余者不入药。）
取效得年久妙。散水气，杀邪毒，消痈肿，敛咽疮。驱胃脘气疼并坚积症块气疼；搀剂吞服
，治产后血晕及伤损金疮血晕。淬气熏蒸，（用石 红，浇醋淬之。）渍黄 皮含之，口疮可
愈；煮香附子丸服，郁痛能除。煎大黄，劫 癖如神；摩南星，敷瘤肿立效。又调雄黄细末
，蜂虿蛇啮可涂。牛马疫侵， 之即愈。切忌蛤肉同食，造饮馔者须知。惟入肝经，宜为引
使。不利男子，专益女人。
（谟）按∶丹溪曰∶醋味酸甘，调和鱼肉菜蔬，尽可适口。但致疾以渐，人所不知。盖
酸收也
，甘滞也。苟远而不用，亦却疾一端。然食多齿软者，因水生木，水气弱，木气盛，故如是
尔。齿属肾水，酸助肝木，安得不然？
味咸、酸，气冷利。无毒。所造弗一，其用亦殊。鱼肉造者，呼为醢，充庖厨妙；豆面
造者，名曰酱，入药剂灵。勿取新鲜，惟尚陈久。杀诸虫蛇蝎蜂毒立效，解百药菜蔬菌毒殊
功。疥癣略涂，瘙痒如劫。圣人谓∶不得其医不食。意欲五味调和，五脏悦受，斯亦安乐之
一端也。榆仁酱味甚辛，食下通便，除心腹恶气。芜荑酱气略臭，食多落发，发
小儿无
辜。
（醋，又名苦酒）味道酸、甘，药性温。无毒。酿造方法有多种，因此得名各异。（包括米醋、麦醋、面醋、桃醋、葡萄大枣等各种杂果醋以及糟糠等制成的醋。通晓其意的人知道，这些醋都极酸烈。）入药时选用米醋为佳，（其他种类的醋不用于制药。）取效以陈年久置者为妙。能消散水气，杀灭邪毒，消除痈肿，收敛咽部疮疡。驱除胃脘部的疼痛以及坚硬积聚引起的疼痛；混合药剂吞服，可治疗产后血晕及外伤金创导致的血晕。用醋淬烧红石进行气熏蒸，（将醋浇在烧红的石头上产生蒸汽。）浸泡黄连皮含于口中，口疮可以痊愈；煮香附子丸服用，郁结疼痛能够消除。煎煮大黄，对痞块有神奇疗效；研磨南星，外敷瘤肿立即见效。又调和雄黄细末，可涂抹治疗蜂蝎蛇咬伤。牛马感染疫病，涂抹后即刻痊愈。切忌与蛤肉同食，制作饮食者需知此禁忌。醋只进入肝经，适合作为引经药使用。不利于男子，专门有益于女人。
（作者陈嘉谟）按语：朱丹溪说：醋味道酸甘，调和鱼肉菜蔬，完全可口。但致病是逐渐积累的，人们并不知晓。因为酸具有收敛作用，甘具有滞涩作用。如果远离而不食用，也是祛除疾病的一种方法。然而吃多了导致牙齿松软的人，是因为水生木，水气虚弱，木气旺盛，所以才会这样。牙齿属于肾水，酸助长肝木，怎么能不如此呢？
（酱）味道咸、酸，气性冷利。无毒。制作方法不一，用途也各不相同。用鱼肉制作的，称为醢，是厨房烹饪的妙品；用豆面制作的，名叫酱，入药效果灵验。不要选取新鲜的，只崇尚陈年老酱。杀灭各种虫蛇蝎蜂毒立竿见影，解除百种药物、蔬菜、菌类中毒功效显著。疥癣稍微涂抹，瘙痒如被劫掠般迅速消除。圣人曾说：“没有合适的厨师就不吃。”意思是想要五味调和，五脏愉悦接受，这也是安乐的一种表现。榆仁酱味道很辛，食用后通便，去除心腹恶气。芜荑酱气味略臭，吃多了会导致脱发，引起小儿无辜疳积。
(Vinegar, also known as Ku Jiu) Taste: sour, sweet. Nature: warm. Non-toxic. There are several methods of preparation, hence the various names. (Includes rice vinegar, wheat vinegar, flour vinegar, peach vinegar, grape and jujube vinegars, various mixed fruit vinegars, and vinegars made from bran and chaff. Those who understand its nature know that all are extremely sour and potent.) For medicinal use, rice vinegar is preferred; (others are not used in medicine.) Effectiveness is enhanced if aged for many years. It dissipates water retention, kills pathogenic toxins, reduces carbuncles and swellings, and heals throat ulcers. It expels epigastric pain caused by qi stagnation and abdominal masses causing pain; when mixed with other agents and swallowed, it treats postpartum blood syncope and trauma-induced blood syncope. Fuming with vinegar-quenched steam (by pouring vinegar on red-hot stones), or soaking Phellodendri Cortex (Huang Bo) skin to hold in the mouth can cure oral ulcers; decocting Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiang Fu) pills can relieve depressive pain. Decocting Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Da Huang) is miraculous for eliminating abdominal masses; grinding Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Nan Xing) and applying externally brings immediate relief for tumors and swellings. Furthermore, mixing with realgar fine powder and applying topically treats wasp stings and snake bites. For cattle and horses infected with epidemics, application leads to immediate recovery. One must strictly avoid eating it with clam meat; those preparing food should be aware of this. Vinegar enters only the Liver meridian and serves well as a guiding agent. It is unfavorable for men but specifically beneficial for women.
(Commentary by Mo): Zhu Danxi said: Vinegar has a sour and sweet taste, suitable for seasoning fish, meat, and vegetables, making them palatable. However, it causes disease gradually, which people often do not realize. Sourness has an astringent property, and sweetness has a cloying/stagnating property. If one avoids using it, it is also a way to prevent disease. However, those who eat too much and suffer from soft teeth do so because Water generates Wood; when Water Qi is weak and Wood Qi is excessive, this occurs. Teeth belong to Kidney Water, and sourness aids Liver Wood, so how could it not happen?
(Soy Sauce/Paste) Taste: salty, sour. Nature: cold and purgative. Non-toxic. Preparation methods vary, and thus their uses differ. Those made from fish and meat are called Han (fermented fish/meat paste) and are excellent for culinary use; those made from beans and flour are named Jiang (soybean paste) and are effective in medicine. Do not choose fresh ones; only aged ones are valued. It instantly kills venom from various insects, snakes, scorpions, and bees, and has special efficacy in detoxifying various medicines, vegetables, and fungi. Slightly applied to tinea and pruritus, itching is relieved rapidly. The Sage said, "Do not eat if there is no proper cook." This implies that the five flavors should be harmonized so that the five Zang organs receive pleasure, which is also a form of happiness. Elm kernel paste tastes very pungent; after ingestion, it promotes bowel movement and removes malignant qi from the heart and abdomen. Coriandrum fructus (Wu Yi) paste has a slightly foul odor; consuming too much may cause hair loss and lead to infant malnutrition syndrome (Wu Gu disease).