味咸，气寒。无毒。为调馔之需，出近海之地。有池有井，汲水煎成。论形色，河东
独佳；入药剂，漏芦为使。如欲单用，炒化汤中。堪洗下部 疮，能吐中焦痰癖。苏心腹卒
痛，塞齿缝来红。驱蚯蚓毒伤，杀鬼蛊邪疰。少用接药入肾，（凡服补阴丸，宜盐汤送下。）
过多喜咳伤金。走血损筋，黑肤失色。司 厨者，务用适宜。水肿咳嗽病患，须全禁忌勿服
。（秋石丹可代用。） 戎盐类石，出自西羌。一名青盐， 白才妙。益气去气蛊，明
目却目
疼
。止吐衄血可加，坚筋骨节堪入。 卤咸即碱，（音减。）亦产河东。掘盐土淋水熬干，
旋结
块形如砖样。用之研细，能软积坚。主大热消渴狂烦，除多年症瘕凝痛。去湿热，消痰癖，
下蛊毒，柔肌肤。洗涤垢腻有功，浆糨房中必用。 太阴玄精石者，亦出积盐仓中。
古云∶
大卤之场，则生阴精石是也。惟解县（属山东。）者胜，似龟背者良。又名鬼精，无时收采。
心腹积聚能逐，风冷邪气可除。理男子阴证伤寒，止妇人痼冷漏下。
禀天一之气，居五行之先。草木资以发生，黎民藉之养育。普天之下，惟水最多。大
则为海、为江、为河，小则为潭、为溪、为涧。乡市有塘有井，崖谷有溜有泉。味甘辛咸淡
自殊，性动静缓急亦异。用烹药饵，各有所宜。苟弗详知，安求效验。 有曰长流水
者，与
千里水同，取历科坎极多，来远流长之义，手足四肢之疾，非此莫攻。
有曰顺流水者，与
朝东水类，谓向东流不悖，直下无碍之名，大小二便滞留，用斯即利。 逆流水
即回烂倒逆
上流，堪吐上焦胸膈风痰，资易上涌。 急流水系峻滩急趋下水，可去下体腿胯湿痛，
仗竟
下行。 井华水汲在早晨，补阴虚，并清头目，盖缘天一真气，浮结水面而未开。
山骨水
觅于长夏，退时疫，且却瘟黄，乃因夏至阴生，起从地底而极冷。 半天河水积诸竹
木管中
，即长桑君授扁鹊，以上池之水是也。质极清洁而不浊，堪炼丹药，欲成仙者须求。
菊英水出于菊花多处，原陶靖节好植菊，而采英浸水是焉，气甚馨香而最甘，可烹茗
芽，望延寿
长寿源，其源多菊花，而流水四季皆菊花香，居民饮之，寿皆二三百岁。）
春雨水立春日，以器迎接空中，气得春升而生发，中气不足，清气不升，及年壮未嗣
人，
秋分时，以物拂诸草上，性禀秋降而整肃，痨虫传尸，疳虫作胀，
年深染祟者，取饮最佳。腊雪水瓮贮，掘地埋藏，性酷寒，治春夏时行疫毒。
甘烂水器
盛
，以物扬跃，气柔缓，调冬月阴证伤寒。 新汲水井泉汲出，不经混杂为然，（不曾倾
缸瓮
者
。）养心神诚获奇功。 无根水（一名潦水。土凹（音勘）积留，不见流动者方是，扶
脾胃果
有神功。仍有地浆，是人造者。挖地坎以水沃中，搅浊浑俄顷取服。恶毒能解，烦热
能驱。
枫上毒菌误食，笑不止者，用之即安；山中毒菌误食，命几死者，饮之立效。
（谟）按∶诸水虽分精详，医者未免忽略。投煎药饵，多失选求。殊不知，用药如用兵。
兵之
赴敌也，贵择地而屯营垒。苟弗得其地利。则兵练固精，不能望克敌之捷报。犹药之治病也
，贵择水而煎汤液，若非合其水性，则药制虽妙，亦难收愈病之全功。此理势自然，不待辩
而可明也。水之为用，宁不谨乎。又况人之养生，固云谷食为本，考诸先哲，每亦与水对言
。有曰∶水去则荣散，谷消则卫亡。有曰∶水入于经，其血乃成。谷入于胃，脉道乃行。何
独不离其水者，盖水之于人，关系甚大。年岁之夭寿，形体之丰羸，悉由得夫水土之浓薄故
尔。观今南北人物，则可验焉。仍有远行，不服水土成疾者，亦可概推矣。
味咸，气寒。无毒。是烹饪调味的必需品，出产于靠近海边的地方。有盐池和盐井，汲取卤水煎煮而成。论其色泽品质，河东（今山西西南部）产的最为优良；入药使用时，以漏芦作为引经药。如果单独使用，需炒化后溶入汤水中。可用于清洗下部疮疡，能催吐中焦的痰饮积滞。缓解心腹突发剧痛，止住齿缝出血。驱除蚯蚓毒伤，杀灭鬼蛊邪疰之毒。少量使用可引导药物入肾，（凡服用补阴丸时，宜用盐汤送服。）过量则易引起咳嗽而损伤肺气。走散血液、损伤筋脉，使皮肤变黑失去光泽。掌管厨房的人，务必适量使用。患有水肿和咳嗽的病人，必须完全禁忌服用。（可用秋石丹代替。）
戎盐类似石头，出自西羌地区。又名青盐，白色者疗效更佳。能益气去除气蛊，明目并消除眼疼。治疗吐血衄血时可加入，坚固筋骨关节也可入药。
卤咸即碱，（读音同“减”。）也产于河东。挖掘含盐的土壤淋水熬干，随即结成块状，形状像砖头一样。将其研细使用，能软化坚硬的积块。主治大热引起的消渴狂烦，去除多年的症瘕凝痛。清除湿热，消除痰癖，下泄蛊毒，柔润肌肤。洗涤污垢油腻功效显著，在浆糊制作坊中必不可少。
太阴玄精石，也是出产于积聚盐分的仓库中。古人说：大的盐场，就会生成阴精石。只有解县（属山东）产的最好，形状像龟背的是上品。又名鬼精，随时可以采集。能驱逐心腹积聚，祛除风冷邪气。调理男子阴证伤寒，止住妇人久冷导致的漏下。
禀受天一之气，居于五行之前。草木依靠它发生生长，百姓依赖它养育生存。普天之下，只有水最多。大的成为海、江、河，小的成为潭、溪、涧。城乡有池塘水井，崖谷有流水山泉。味道有甘、辛、咸、淡的不同，性质有动、静、缓、急的差异。用于烹制药饵，各有适宜之处。如果不详细了解，怎能求得疗效？
有一种叫长流水的，与千里水相同，取历经众多坎险、来源遥远流长的意思，手足四肢的疾病，非此水不能攻治。
有一种叫顺流水的，与朝东的水同类，谓向东流不违背常理，直下无阻碍的名称，大小便滞留不通，用这种水即可通利。
逆流水即回旋倒向上游流动的水，能催吐上焦胸膈的风痰，促使药力易于上涌。
急流水系流经峻滩急速向下的水，可去除下体腿胯的湿痛，凭借竟自下行的特性。
井华水是早晨汲出的水，能补阴虚，并清利头目，这是因为天一真气浮结在水面而未发散。
山骨水寻觅于盛夏，退去时疫，且驱除瘟黄，是因为夏至阴气初生，从地底升起而极冷。
半天河水积聚在竹木管中，就是长桑君传授给扁鹊的“上池之水”。质地极其清洁而不浑浊，可用于炼制丹药，想要成仙的人必须寻求。
菊英水出于菊花多的地方，原本陶靖节喜欢种植菊花，采摘花瓣浸泡在水中，气味非常馨香且最甘甜，可以用来烹制茶芽，期望延年益寿。（长寿源，那里源头多菊花，流水四季都有菊花香，居民饮用，寿命都达两三百岁。）
春雨水在立春日，用容器承接空中的雨水，得春季升发之气，适用于中气不足、清气不升，以及年壮但未生育的人。
秋分时，用物体拂拭草上的露水，性禀秋季肃降之气，适用于劳虫传尸、疳虫作胀、年深日久感染邪祟的人，取水饮用最佳。
腊雪水用瓮储存，掘地埋藏，性质酷寒，治疗春夏季节流行的疫毒。
甘烂水器盛，用物体扬跃搅拌，气性柔和缓慢，调和冬季阴证伤寒。
新汲水是从井泉刚汲出的水，未经混杂污染，（不曾倒入缸瓮中的。）养心神确实获得奇效。
无根水（一名潦水。低洼处积水停留，不见流动者才是），扶助脾胃果真有神功。
仍有地浆，是人造的水。挖地坑用水浇灌其中，搅浑片刻后取服。能解恶毒，驱除烦热。枫树上毒菌误食，笑不止者，用此即安；山中毒菌误食，命垂危者，饮之立效。
（陈嘉谟）按语：各种水虽然分析详尽，医生未免忽略。投药煎煮，大多失于选择。殊不知，用药如用兵。军队奔赴敌人，贵在择地扎营垒。如果不得到地利，那么士兵训练精良，也不能指望克敌制胜的捷报。就像药治病一样，贵在择水煎汤液，如果不是符合水的性质，那么药物配制虽妙，也难以收全愈病之功。这个道理势所必然，不用辩论就可以明白。水的作用，难道不谨慎吗？况且人的养生，固然以谷物食物为本，考察先哲，每每也将水与之对举而言。有人说：水去则荣散，谷消则卫亡。有人说：水入于经，其血乃成。谷入于胃，脉道乃行。为什么唯独离不开水呢？大概水对于人，关系非常大。年龄的夭寿，形体的丰瘦，全由水土的浓薄决定。看当今南北人物，就可以验证了。仍有远行不服水土成病的，也可以概推了。
Salty in flavor, cold in nature. Non-toxic. It is a necessity for culinary seasoning, produced in areas near the sea. There are salt ponds and wells; brine is drawn and boiled to form it. Regarding its color and quality, that from Hedong (modern southwestern Shanxi) is superior; when used in prescriptions, *Ludou Lu* (Atractylodes lancea root, 漏芦) serves as a guiding herb. If used alone, it should be fried until melted and dissolved in decoction water. It is suitable for washing sores in the lower body and can induce vomiting of phlegm-stagnation in the middle jiao. It relieves sudden severe pain in the heart and abdomen and stops bleeding from the gum margins. It expels leech venom injuries and kills toxins from ghosts, gu-poison, and epidemic pestilence. In small doses, it guides medicines into the Kidney (Kidney organ system). (When taking *Buyin Wan* [Yin-Nourishing Pill], it is advisable to swallow with salted water.) In excess, it tends to cause coughing and damage the Metal element (Lung/Large Intestine system). It scatters blood, damages sinews, darkens the skin, and causes loss of luster. Those managing kitchens must use it appropriately. Patients with edema and cough must strictly avoid consuming it. (*Qiushi Dan* [Autumn Stone Pill] may be used as a substitute.)
*Rongyan* (Rong Salt) resembles stone and originates from the Xiqiang region. Also known as *Qingyan* (Green Salt), the white variety is more effective. It benefits Qi, removes Qi-gu poison, brightens the eyes, and alleviates eye pain. It can be added to treat hematemesis and epistaxis, and is suitable for strengthening bones and joints.
*Luxian* (Brine Alkali) is alkali (pronounced "jian"). It is also produced in Hedong. Salt-bearing soil is dug up, leached with water, and boiled dry, forming blocks resembling bricks. When ground fine and used, it can soften hard accumulations. It primarily treats excessive heat causing thirst, polydipsia, mania, and restlessness; it eliminates chronic masses and fixed painful stasis. It clears damp-heat, resolves phlegm-stagnation, purges gu-poison, and softens the skin. It is effective in washing away dirt and grease and is essential in paste-making workshops.
*Taiyin Xuanjingshi* (Taiyin Black Crystal Stone) also originates from places where salt accumulates. The ancients said: "In large salt fields, Yin Jing Stone is generated." That from Jie County (belonging to Shandong) is the best; those resembling turtle shells are of good quality. Also known as *Guijing* (Ghost Essence), it can be collected at any time. It can expel heart and abdominal accumulations and remove wind-cold pathogenic factors. It regulates male Yin-pattern Cold Damage (Shanghan) and stops chronic cold-induced leukorrhea or metrorrhagia in women.
It inherits the Qi of Tianyi (One Water/Heavenly One) and stands prior to the Five Elements. Plants rely on it for growth and development, and people depend on it for nourishment. Under the whole heaven, water is the most abundant. Large bodies become seas, rivers, and streams; small ones become pools, creeks, and ravines. Towns and markets have ponds and wells; cliffs and valleys have flowing water and springs. Their flavors differ naturally among sweet, pungent, salty, and bland; their natures vary in movement, stillness, slowness, and urgency. When used to cook medicinal herbs, each has its suitability. If not carefully understood, how can efficacy be sought?
There is one called *Changliushui* (Long-flowing Water), similar to *Qianli Shui* (Thousand-li Water). It takes the meaning of passing through many dangers and having a long source and flow. For diseases of the hands, feet, arms, and legs, no other water can treat them effectively.
There is one called *Shunliushui* (Smooth-flowing Water), similar to eastward-flowing water. It is named so because it flows east without obstruction and directly downward without hindrance. For stagnation of urination and defecation, using this water promotes unblocking.
*Niliushui* (Counter-flowing Water) refers to water that swirls backward and flows upstream. It can induce vomiting of wind-phlegm in the upper jiao chest and diaphragm, facilitating upward surging.
*Jiliushui* (Rapid-flowing Water) refers to water rushing rapidly down steep rapids. It can eliminate damp-pain in the lower body legs and hips, relying on its natural downward flow.
*Jinghuashui* (Well Flower Water) is drawn in the early morning. It tonifies Yin deficiency and clears the head and eyes, because the true Qi of Tianyi floats and condenses on the water surface before dispersing.
*Shangu Shui* (Mountain Bone Water) is sought during midsummer. It retreats seasonal epidemics and dispels warm jaundice, due to the generation of Yin at the Summer Solstice, rising from underground and being extremely cold.
*Bantian He Shui* (Half-sky River Water) accumulates in bamboo or wooden pipes. This is the *Shangshi Zhi Shui* (Water from Above Pools) taught by Changsang Jun to Bian Que. Its quality is extremely clean and turbid-free, suitable for refining elixirs; those desiring immortality must seek it.
*Juying Shui* (Chrysanthemum Petal Water) comes from places abundant in chrysanthemums. Originally, Tao Yuanming (Tao Jingjie) liked planting chrysanthemums and soaking petals in water. Its aroma is very fragrant and taste most sweet. It can be used to brew tea buds, hoping to extend life. (The Longevity Source has many chrysanthemums at its origin; the flowing water smells of chrysanthemums all four seasons. Residents drinking it live two to three hundred years.)
*Chunyushui* (Spring Rain Water) is collected on the Day of Beginning of Spring using vessels to catch rain from the air. It acquires the ascending and generating Qi of spring. It is suitable for insufficient Middle Qi, failure of clear Yang to ascend, and for men of vigorous age who have yet to produce offspring.
At the Autumn Equinox, dew is brushed off grasses with objects. It possesses the descending and肃 (solemn/clearing) Qi of autumn. It is suitable for tuberculosis transmission, childhood malnutrition with abdominal distension, and those suffering from chronic pestilence; collecting and drinking this water is best.
*Laixue Shui* (Winter Solstice Snow Water) is stored in jars and buried in the ground. Its nature is severely cold. It treats epidemic toxins prevalent in spring and summer.
*Ganlan Shui* (Sweet Rotten Water) is prepared by filling a vessel and vigorously stirring/agitating the water. Its Qi is soft and slow. It harmonizes winter Yin-pattern Cold Damage.
*Xinji Shui* (Fresh-drawn Well Water) is water freshly drawn from wells or springs, unmixed and unpolluted (not poured into jars or urns). Nourishing the Heart Spirit indeed achieves miraculous effects.
*Wugen Shui* (Rootless Water), also known as *Liaoshui* (Rainwater). It refers to stagnant water accumulating in low depressions without flowing. Assisting the Spleen and Stomach truly performs divine functions.
There is also *Dijiang* (Earth Slurry), which is artificially made. A pit is dug, water is poured in, stirred until turbid, and taken after a moment. It can resolve malignant toxins and drive away vexation and heat. If poisonous fungi from maple trees are mistakenly ingested causing uncontrollable laughter, using this brings immediate peace; if poisonous mountain fungi are mistakenly ingested causing near-death, drinking this yields immediate effect.
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Although various waters are analyzed in detail, physicians often neglect them. When administering decoctions, they frequently fail to select properly. One must not ignore that using medicine is like using troops. When troops march to battle, it is crucial to choose terrain for encampment. If the geographical advantage is not obtained, even well-trained elite soldiers cannot hope for victory reports. Similarly, treating disease with medicine requires selecting water for decoction. If the water's nature does not match, even the finest formulated medicine will struggle to achieve complete cure. This principle is self-evident and needs no debate. Is the use of water not something to be cautious about? Furthermore, human health preservation is fundamentally based on grain and food. Examining the sages, they often discuss water alongside food. It is said: "When water departs, Ying (Nutritive) Qi scatters; when grain is consumed, Wei (Defensive) Qi perishes." It is said: "When water enters the meridians, blood is formed. When grain enters the Stomach, the pulse channels begin to flow." Why is water indispensable? Water's relationship with humans is profound. Lifespan longevity or brevity, and bodily plumpness or emaciation, all depend on the richness or thinness of water and soil. Observing people in the north and south today confirms this. Even those traveling far who suffer illness from不适应 (non-acclimatization) to local water and soil can be inferred from this general principle.