\r鲫鱼\pj491.bmp\r
味甘，气温。无毒。池泽多生，在处俱有。色黑体促，肚大脊隆。原由稷米化成，故
肚尚有米色，名因此得，小而耐寒。过半斤者方良，犯天门冬须记。同芥菜食成水肿，同砂
糖食成疳虫。雉肉猪肝，尤勿共食。春二三月，切忌食头。煎用猪脂，大肠痈治效；烧以酱
汁，诸恶疮涂痊。合 为羹，理胃弱食饮不下；和中补虚，拌面作 主肠 。水谷不调，禁
痢止泻。纳食盐烧末，塞牙齿蛀。酿白矾烧灰，涩肠风血痢。（夏痢宜用，冬则不宜。）
头末
（谟）按∶丹溪云∶诸鱼皆属火，惟鲫鱼属土，故能入阳明而有调胃实肠之功。若食多
者，亦
未尝不起火也。又云∶诸鱼无一息之停，故动风及动痰火。
\r鳗鲡鱼\pj492.bmp\r
味甘，气寒。有毒。清水河生为美，五色纹具尤佳。二斤以上忌沾唇，一斤以下宜
餍口。犹甚毒者，水行昂头。傥误食之，为害亦速。务审精细，才剖烹调。杀诸虫，压诸草
石药毒；调五脏，除五痔 疮疡。去皮肤风疹，瘙痒如虫行；逐腰背风湿，浸淫若水洗。男
子骨蒸痨瘵及香港脚又患者常食有功，妇人产户虫疮并崩漏不断者多食最效。骨收箱笼，
可辟
衣鱼；夏月烧烟，又除诸害。熏房中蚊蠓化水，熏床底虱蚤绝踪，毡毯熏之，蛀虫自死；竹
木熏过，蛀虫不生。鳟鱼味甘大温，五月端午日方取；功专补中益气，妇人产前疾善
调。散
湿风，去狐臭。凡中其毒，食蟹解之，盖鳟畏蟹故也。头主咽喉消渴。血涂口眼
斜。（左
患涂右，右患涂左。）用穿鱼绳煎汤，治竹木屑入眼。沃洗未已，屑却外流。
鲫鱼
味甘，性温。无毒。池塘沼泽中多生长，各地都有。体色黑、身形短促，肚子大、脊背隆起。原本是由稷米变化而成，所以肚子里还有米粒的颜色，名字因此得来，体型小且耐寒。超过半斤的才算是上品，但要注意与天门冬同食会有禁忌。与芥菜同吃会引发水肿，与砂糖同吃会生出疳虫。雉鸡肉和猪肝，尤其不要一起食用。春季二三月，切忌吃鱼头。用猪油煎煮，能治疗大肠痈；用酱汁烧制涂抹，能使各种恶疮痊愈。做成羹汤，可调理胃弱导致的饮食不下；调和脾胃、补益虚弱，拌面制作主要作为肠道滋养。水谷运化不调，禁止用于痢疾腹泻（注：此处原文“禁痢止泻”结合语境及丹溪按语，通常指其有收敛或特定适应症，但直译为禁止痢疾止泻可能不通，结合后文“涩肠风血痢”，此处应理解为对某些类型的痢疾有疗效或需辨证使用，但严格按字面翻译为“对于痢疾腹泻有禁忌/或能止住痢疾腹泻”，鉴于中医古籍常有歧义，此处依字面意译并保留原意结构：对于水谷不调引起的症状，它能起到类似禁痢止泻的作用，或者更准确地说是“对于水谷不调，[此药]能止住痢疾和腹泻”。*修正理解*：原文“水谷不调，禁痢止泻”在《本草蒙筌》其他版本或语境中，往往指其功效。但前文说“理胃弱食饮不下”，后文说“纳食盐...塞牙齿蛀...酿白矾...涩肠风血痢”。中间这句“水谷不调，禁痢止泻”若理解为功效，则与后文重复。若理解为禁忌，则与“良”矛盾。查阅资料，鲫鱼本身有利尿消肿作用，一般不主止泻，反而滑肠。但此处原文如此，故直译：对于水谷不调，[它]能制止痢疾和腹泻。）*再次修正*：根据上下文，“水谷不调”是病机，“禁痢止泻”可能是笔误或特指某种情况，或者是指“对于水谷不调之证，[若表现为]痢疾腹泻，则需谨慎/或有效”。但在没有更多注释情况下，忠实原文翻译：对于水谷运化不调，[鲫鱼]能制止痢疾和腹泻。（注：此句在中医常识中有争议，但翻译任务要求忠实原文）。将食盐纳入鱼内烧成末，塞入蛀牙孔中。用白矾酿入鱼内烧成灰，能涩肠治疗风邪引起的血痢。（夏季痢疾适宜使用，冬季则不适宜。）鱼头研成末……
（陈嘉谟）按语：朱丹溪说：所有的鱼都属火，只有鲫鱼属土，所以能进入阳明经而有调理胃腑、充实肠道的功效。如果吃得过多，也未尝不会引起上火。又说：所有的鱼都没有一刻停息（游动），所以会动风以及扰动痰火。
鳗鲡鱼
味甘，性寒。有毒。生长在清澈河流中的最好，具有五色纹理的尤其佳妙。两斤以上的忌口不要吃，一斤以下的适合饱餐。其中毒性特别大的，是那些在水中游动时昂着头的。倘若误食了，危害也很迅速。务必仔细审查，才能剖开烹调。能杀灭各种寄生虫，压制各种草药和石药的毒性；调理五脏，去除五种痔疮和疮疡。去除皮肤上的风疹，瘙痒感如同虫子爬行；驱除腰背部的风湿，效果如同水洗般清爽。男子患有骨蒸劳瘵及香港脚（足部肿痛溃烂）的患者常食有功，妇人产道虫疮以及崩漏不止者多食最效。鳗鱼骨收集起来放在箱笼里，可以辟除衣鱼（蠹虫）；夏天燃烧它的烟，又能除去各种害虫。熏烤房间里的蚊蠓使其化为水，熏烤床底的虱蚤使其绝迹，熏烤毡毯，蛀虫自然死亡；熏烤过竹木，蛀虫便不再滋生。鳟鱼味甘，性大温，要在五月端午日才捕捞；功效专门在于补中益气，善于调理妇人产前疾病。散发湿风，去除狐臭。凡是中了鳗鲡鱼的毒，吃螃蟹可以解它，因为鳟鱼畏惧螃蟹的缘故。鳗鲡鱼头主治咽喉消渴症。用鳗鲡鱼血涂敷口眼歪斜处。（左侧患病涂右侧，右侧患病涂左侧。）用穿鱼绳煎汤，治疗竹木屑刺入眼睛。浇灌清洗尚未结束，木屑却已向外流出。
Crucian Carp (Jiyu)
Taste: Sweet. Temperature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It is abundant in ponds and marshes and found everywhere. Its color is black, body shape is short and compressed, with a large belly and arched back. Legend has it that it originated from the transformation of millet (Ji rice), hence its belly retains a rice-like color, which is how it got its name. It is small in size and cold-resistant. Those weighing over half a jin (approx. 500g) are considered superior. Caution is advised when consuming it with Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix). Eating it together with Mustard Greens (Jiecai) may cause edema; eating it with brown sugar may lead to intestinal parasites (Ganchong). It should especially not be consumed together with Pheasant meat or Pig liver. In the second and third lunar months of spring, one must strictly avoid eating the head. When pan-fried with lard, it effectively treats large intestine abscesses; when braised with soy sauce and applied topically, it cures various malignant sores. Made into a soup, it regulates weak stomach function where food and drink cannot be swallowed; it harmonizes the middle jiao, tonifies deficiency, and when mixed with flour to make noodles, it primarily nourishes the intestines. For dysregulation of water and grain metabolism, it is indicated for stopping diarrhea and dysentery. [Note: Contextual interpretation varies, literal translation provided]. Mixed with salt and calcined into powder, it can be inserted into decayed teeth. Infused with alum and calcined into ash, it astringes the intestines and treats bloody dysentery caused by wind pathogens. (Suitable for summer dysentery, but not for winter.) Head powder...
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Zhu Danxi stated: All fish belong to Fire, whereas Crucian carp belongs to Earth. Therefore, it can enter the Yangming channel and possesses the merit of regulating the stomach and solidifying the intestines. However, excessive consumption may also induce internal heat. He further stated: Since all fish are constantly moving without rest, they can stir up Wind and agitate Phlegm-Fire.
Eel (Manliyu)
Taste: Sweet. Temperature: Cold. Toxicity: Toxic. The best quality comes from clear rivers, and those with five-colored patterns are particularly excellent. One should avoid consuming eels weighing over two jin, while those under one jin are suitable for hearty meals. Among them, those that swim with their heads raised high in the water are extremely toxic. If mistakenly ingested, the harm manifests rapidly. Careful examination is required before butchering and cooking. It kills various parasites and counteracts the toxicity of various herbal and mineral medicines; it regulates the five zang organs and eliminates five types of hemorrhoids and sores. It removes wind-rash from the skin, relieving itching sensations like insects crawling; it expels wind-dampness from the waist and back, providing a refreshing effect akin to washing with water. Regular consumption benefits men suffering from bone-steaming tuberculosis (Gu Zheng Lao Zhai) and Hong Kong foot (podagra/swollen feet); frequent consumption is most effective for women suffering from vaginal parasitic sores and continuous metrorrhagia (Beng Lou). Collecting eel bones and placing them in chests/cabinets can repel silverfish (Yiyu); burning them in summer produces smoke that eliminates various pests. Smoking rooms with this smoke liquefies mosquitoes and midges; smoking bed bottoms eradicates lice and fleas; smoking felt and carpets causes woodworms to die naturally; smoking bamboo and wood prevents future infestation by woodworms. Trout (Zunyu) has a sweet taste and is greatly warm in nature; it should only be harvested on the Dragon Boat Festival (May 5th lunar calendar). Its efficacy specializes in tonifying the middle jiao and augmenting Qi, and it is good at regulating diseases in pregnant women. It disperses damp-wind and removes fox odor (bromhidrosis). Any poisoning from eel can be resolved by eating crab, as trout fears crab. The head treats throat-related thirst (Xiaoke). Blood applied topically treats facial paralysis (deviation of mouth and eyes). (Apply to the right side if the left is affected, and vice versa.) Decoction of fish-string rope treats bamboo or wood splinters entering the eye. Irrigation and washing continue until the splinter flows out externally.