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味甘、咸。又云苦、辛，气温。无毒。山林俱各有生，捕获亦堪驯养。小者名鹿，大
者名麋。茸欲取待角将生时，绳先系致血不耗散。阴干多臭，火干才宜。小若紫茄，（名
茄茸。）恐血气嫩未全具；坚如朽木，是气血反老衰残。（二者俱不足为美药也。）必得如琥
珀红润者为佳，仍择似马鞍岐矮者益善。见勿嗅气，（茸中有小白虫，防入鼻也。）制急燎毛
。
（烈焰中急燎之，防伤茸也。）破开涂真酥油，炙脆候黄褐色。入剂研细，任合散丸。益气
滋
阴，扶肢体羸瘦立效；强志坚齿，止腰膝酸痛殊功。破留血隐隐作疼，逐虚劳洒洒如疟。治
女人崩中漏血，疗小儿寒热惊痫。塞溺血泄精，散石淋痈肿。骨热可退，疽养能驱。角
乃味
咸气温，取之须按时令。冬至一阳生而麋角解，夏至一阴生而鹿角除。鹿补阴多，而得阴气
。锉屑以蜜淹宿，火熬干复捣筛。逐鬼辟邪，轻身益气。续绝伤，强筋骨，消痈肿，愈恶疮
。止妇人梦与鬼交，令病者招实鬼话。（凡妇人被鬼昏迷，不肯招实者，水调末服，即自言
也。）其角锯断，堪熬白胶。（用新角成对者，以锯寸截，流水内浸三日，刷净腥秽。
汲河水
入砂罐
中，投角于内，每角一罐，用楮实子、桑白皮、黄蜡各一两，同煮，以桑叶塞罐口，勿令走
气，炭火猛煮三日，如水耗渐添熟汤，直待角烂如熟羊，掐得酥软则止。将角取起，其汁以
绵滤净，再入砂罐中，慢火熬稠，碗盛风吹冷，凝成胶入药。畏大黄，得火妙。止痛立安胎
孕，益气大补虚羸。疗跌扑损伤，治吐衄崩带。熬过角晒复研，又名鹿角白霜。主治
虽同，
功力略缓。髓壮阳而填骨髓，同地黄白蜜熬膏。肾补中以滋肾元，任作酒煮粥两
用。肉强
五脏益力，贴口 僻如神，（切生肉片，右患贴左，左患贴右，正则去之。）煮食之依时按令
；（九月后正月前可食，余外不可食也。）骨下膈气安胎，杀鬼精物立应，服不厌耐老
延年。
头肉解消渴上焦，蹄肉止风痛下踝。筋续绝伤劳损，脂主痈肿死肌。
血调血脉止腰疼，酒调
生服；齿理鼠 攻疮毒，水摩湿涂。 又种麋茸，系鹿大者。功力尤胜，医者须知。
取分优
劣同煎，制造丸散依式。但性热具，专补阳多。《本经》亦云∶麋茸补阳性热，鹿茸补阴性
温，略此差耳。骨软可健，茎痿能扶。麋脂畏大黄，近阴令阴不痿。（《本经》云∶不
可近
阴，令痿。此大错误。）因多淫性，故易举兴。主风寒湿痹筋挛，理肿痈恶毒肌死。仍通腠
理，更滑皮肤。角熬犹胜白胶，因力较鹿更紧。填精髓，缓腰膝，益血脉，悦颜容。
浆水中
研烂如泥，敷面皮不皱；醇酒肉取末调饮，入心脘止疼。骨煎汁饮，除虚劳；肉
作啖，益
中气。
（谟）按∶苏东坡云∶补阳以鹿角为胜，补阴以麋角为胜。盖鹿阳兽，多在山。夏至鹿
角解，
从阳退之象。麋阴兽，多在泽。冬至麋角解，从阴退之象。阴阳相反如此。故曰∶鹿茸利补
阳，麋茸利补阴。今麋鹿不分，但云麋胜鹿，鹿胜麋，殆疏失矣。又有刺麋鹿血以代茸。云
∶茸亦血耳，尤大误也。麋鹿角自生至坚，无两月久。大者二十余斤，其坚如石。凡骨角之
类，生长无速于此。虽草木之易生者，亦无能及之。此骨之至强者，所以能补骨血、坚阳道
、强骨髓，岂可与血为比哉？据东坡此言，似甚有高见。但指两角所补，较前经意大违。《
本经》言∶鹿补阴，麋补阳，以二至日节气所进者为云。东坡言∶鹿补阳，麋补阴，以二至
日节气所退者为义。故读者不免启两端之疑，犹必求归一之说也。愚尝忖度，阳刚而有余
，阴柔而不足。麋鹿无过同一类者，鹿体大而刚强，非有余属阳乎？鹿体小而柔弱，非不足
属阴乎？正犹男人气体多刚大，女人气体多柔小是也。阳能补阳，阴能补阴，此理自然不
可易者。今东坡引多在山、多在泽，而为阳兽阴兽之分。执此为是，则猪亦水畜，当为阴兽
，丹溪何言其肉专补阳，谆谆以为阴虚者戒耶？凡摄生家，欲资两角分补者，须宗《本经》
之文，以为万世准的也。
又按∶《淮南子》曰∶孕妇见兔而子缺唇，见麋而子四目。物有自然，而似不然者。麋有四
目，其二夜目也。古谓目下有窍，夜能视物者是尔。
鹿茸
味甘、咸。有人说味苦、辛，性温。无毒。山林中都有野生鹿，捕获后也可以驯养。小的叫鹿，大的叫麋。取茸要在角即将生长时，先用绳子系住鹿颈，防止血液耗散。阴干味道多臭，用火烤干才适宜。小如紫茄子状的（名叫茄茸），恐怕气血稚嫩尚未完全具备；坚硬如朽木的，是气血反而衰老残败。（这两种都不足以成为好药。）必须得到像琥珀一样红润的才算佳品，再选择形状像马鞍那样分岐矮小的更好。见到鹿不要让它嗅气，（因为茸中有小白虫，防止进入鼻腔。）制作时要紧急燎去绒毛。
（在烈焰中迅速燎毛，防止损伤茸体。）剖开涂抹真酥油，炙烤至脆，等候呈黄褐色。入药方时研成细粉，随意配合制成散剂或丸剂。能益气滋阴，扶持肢体羸瘦立即见效；强志坚齿，治疗腰膝酸痛有殊效。破除留血引起的隐隐作痛，驱逐虚劳引起的洒洒如疟疾般的寒热。治疗妇女崩中漏血，疗治小儿寒热惊痫。堵塞溺血泄精，消散石淋痈肿。骨热可以退除，疽疡能够驱散。
鹿角则味咸性温，采集必须按时令。冬至一阳生而麋角脱落，夏至一阴生而鹿角去除。鹿补阴多，而获得阴气。将鹿角锉成屑用蜜浸泡过夜，火熬干后再捣碎过筛。能逐鬼辟邪，轻身益气。接续绝伤，强壮筋骨，消除痈肿，治愈恶疮。停止妇人梦中与鬼交合，让病人招认实话。（凡是妇人被鬼魂迷惑昏迷，不肯招认实情的，用水调服粉末，就会自己说出实情。）其角锯断，可以用来熬制白胶。（使用新角成对的，用锯切成寸段，在流水中浸泡三天，刷净腥秽。汲取河水放入砂罐中，投入鹿角，每角一罐，用楮实子、桑白皮、黄蜡各一两，同煮，用桑叶塞住罐口，不让气味跑掉，用炭火猛煮三天，如果水消耗了就逐渐添加熟汤，一直等到角烂得像熟羊肉，掐得酥软就停止。将角取出，其汁液用绵过滤干净，再放入砂罐中，慢火熬稠，用碗盛装风吹冷却，凝结成胶入药。畏大黄，遇火效果妙。止痛立安胎孕，益气大补虚羸。治疗跌扑损伤，治疗吐衄崩带。熬过的角晒干再研磨，又名叫鹿角白霜。主治虽然相同，功力略微缓慢。髓壮阳而填骨髓，同地黄、白蜜熬膏。肾补中以滋肾元，任作酒煮粥两用。肉强五脏益力，贴口僻如神，（切生肉片，右患贴左，左患贴右，正了就去掉。）煮食之依时按令；（九月后正月前可食，其余时间不可食。）骨下膈气安胎，杀鬼精物立应，服不厌耐老延年。头肉解消渴上焦，蹄肉止风痛下踝。筋续绝伤劳损，脂主痈肿死肌。血调血脉止腰疼，酒调生服；齿理鼠瘘攻疮毒，水摩湿涂。
另外种植的麋茸，是鹿的大者。功力尤其胜过鹿茸，医者必须知晓。取用分优劣同煎，制造丸散依式。但性热具，专补阳多。《本经》也说：麋茸补阳性热，鹿茸补阴性温，略有此差别罢了。骨软可健，茎痿能扶。麋脂畏大黄，近阴令阴不痿。（《本经》说：不可近阴，令痿。这是大错误。）因为多淫性，所以易举兴。主风寒湿痹筋挛，理肿痈恶毒肌死。仍通腠理，更滑皮肤。角熬犹胜白胶，因力较鹿更紧。填精髓，缓腰膝，益血脉，悦颜容。浆水中研烂如泥，敷面皮不皱；醇酒肉取末调饮，入心脘止疼。骨煎汁饮，除虚劳；肉作啖，益中气。
（陈嘉谟）按语：苏东坡说：补阳以鹿角为胜，补阴以麋角为胜。大概鹿是阳兽，多在山。夏至鹿角解，是从阳退之象。麋是阴兽，多在泽。冬至麋角解，是从阴退之象。阴阳相反如此。所以说：鹿茸利补阳，麋茸利补阴。现在麋鹿不分，只说麋胜鹿，鹿胜麋，大概是疏失矣。又有刺麋鹿血来代替茸。说：茸也是血耳，尤大误也。麋鹿角自生至坚，无两月久。大的二十余斤，其坚如石。凡骨角之类，生长无速于此。虽草木之易生者，亦无能及之。此骨之至强者，所以能补骨血、坚阳道、强骨髓，岂可与血为比哉？据东坡此言，似甚有高见。但指两角所补，较前经意大违。《本经》言：鹿补阴，麋补阳，以二至日节气所进者为云。东坡言：鹿补阳，麋补阴，以二至日节气所退者为义。故读者不免启两端之疑，犹必求归一之说也。愚尝忖度，阳刚而有余，阴柔而不足。麋鹿无过同一类者，鹿体大而刚强，非有余属阳乎？鹿体小而柔弱，非不足属阴乎？正犹男人气体多刚大，女人气体多柔小是也。阳能补阳，阴能补阴，此理自然不可易者。今东坡引多在山、多在泽，而为阳兽阴兽之分。执此为是，则猪亦水畜，当为阴兽，丹溪何言其肉专补阳，谆谆以为阴虚者戒耶？凡摄生家，欲资两角分补者，须宗《本经》之文，以为万世准的也。
又按：《淮南子》说：孕妇见兔而子缺唇，见麋而子四目。物有自然，而似不然者。麋有四目，其二夜目也。古谓目下有窍，夜能视物者是尔。
Deer Antler Velvet (Lurong)
The flavor is sweet and salty. Some say it is bitter and pungent, with a warm nature. It is non-toxic. Wild deer exist in forests and mountains, and captured ones can also be tamed. The smaller ones are called "Lu" (deer), and the larger ones are called "Mi" (sika deer). The velvet should be harvested when the antlers are about to grow; a rope should first be tied around the neck to prevent blood loss. Air-drying results in a foul odor, whereas fire-drying is preferable. Small ones resembling purple eggplants (named Qie Rong / Eggplant Velvet) suggest that Qi and Blood are tender and not fully developed; those hard as rotten wood indicate that Qi and Blood are senile and decadent. (Neither of these two types makes for excellent medicine.) The best quality resembles reddish amber, and among these, those shaped like a saddle with short branches are even better. Do not let the animal smell the antler, (as there are small white insects inside, preventing them from entering the nose.) During processing, hair must be burned off urgently.
(Burn the hair quickly in a fierce flame to prevent damage to the velvet.) Split open, apply genuine ghee, roast until crisp, waiting for a yellow-brown color. When incorporated into prescriptions, grind into fine powder, suitable for making powders or pills at will. It benefits Qi and nourishes Yin, effectively supporting emaciated limbs; it strengthens will and teeth, and has remarkable efficacy in stopping soreness and pain in the lower back and knees. It breaks up retained blood causing hidden pain, and expels deficiency labor manifesting as chills like malaria. It treats women's metrorrhagia and uterine bleeding, and cures pediatric fever, chills, convulsions, and epilepsy. It stops hematuria and seminal emission, and disperses stone strangury and carbuncles. It can reduce bone heat and drive away ulcers.
Deer horn has a salty flavor and warm nature; its collection must follow seasonal timing. At Winter Solstice, when Yang Qi begins to generate, sika deer shed their horns; at Summer Solstice, when Yin Qi begins to generate, deer shed their horns. Deer [products] benefit Yin more and obtain Yin Qi. Crushed horn pieces soaked in honey overnight, boiled dry over fire, then pounded and sieved. They dispel ghosts and ward off evil, lighten the body and benefit Qi. They reconnect severed injuries, strengthen bones and sinews, eliminate carbuncles, and heal malignant sores. They stop women from dreaming of sexual intercourse with spirits, and allow patients to confess the truth. (For any woman confused by spirit possession who refuses to confess the truth, taking the powder mixed with water will cause her to speak spontaneously.) The sawn-off horn can be used to boil White Glue (Baijiao). (Use paired new horns, sawed into inch-length segments, soaked in running water for three days, brushed clean of fishy odors. Draw river water into a clay pot, put the horn inside, one horn per pot, add one tael each of Broussonetia papyrifera fruit (Chushizi), Morus alba root bark (Sangbaipi), and yellow beeswax, boil together, plug the pot mouth with mulberry leaves to prevent vapor escape, boil fiercely over charcoal fire for three days. If water evaporates, gradually add pre-boiled hot water. Continue until the horn is soft like cooked mutton and yields to pressure. Remove the horn, filter the juice through cotton, return to the clay pot, simmer slowly until thick, pour into bowls, cool in the wind until congealed into glue for medicinal use. It fears Rhubarb (Dahuang); it is excellent when heated. It stops pain, stabilizes pregnancy immediately, benefits Qi, and greatly tonifies deficiency and emaciation. It treats falls and trauma, and manages hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, and leukorrhea. The boiled horn, dried and ground again, is named Deer Horn White Frost (Lujiao Baishuang). Although the main indications are the same, its potency is slightly slower. Marrow tonifies Yang and fills bone marrow, boiled into paste with Rehmannia glutinosa (Dihuang) and white honey. Kidney supplementation nourishes Kidney Yuan, usable in both wine decoctions and porridge. Meat strengthens the Five Viscera and increases strength; applied externally for facial deviation it is miraculous, (slice raw meat, apply right lesion to left side, left lesion to right side, remove when corrected.) Boil and eat according to season; (edible from September to January, otherwise not edible.) Bone below the diaphragm calms fetal movement, kills ghost essence substances instantly, consumption does not tire, promotes longevity. Head meat resolves upper Jiao thirst-wasting, hoof meat stops wind-pain in the lower ankle. Sinews reconnect severed injuries and labor damage, fat treats carbuncles and necrotic muscle. Blood regulates vessels and stops lower back pain, taken raw mixed with wine; Teeth treat rat-hole fistulas and attack poison sores, rubbed wet with water.
Additionally, cultivated Sika Deer Velvet (Mirong) comes from the larger species. Its efficacy is superior to that of Deer Velvet; physicians must know this. Selection distinguishes quality for simultaneous decoction; manufacturing pills and powders follows standard procedures. However, its nature is hot, specifically benefiting Yang mostly. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* also states: Sika Deer Velvet tonifies Yang with hot nature, Deer Velvet tonifies Yin with warm nature, slight difference here. Soft bones can be strengthened, flaccid penis can be supported. Sika Deer fat fears Rhubarb; proximity to the genitals prevents flaccidity. (*Shennong Bencao Jing* says: do not approach genitals, causes flaccidity. This is a major error.) Due to high libido, it easily induces erection. It governs wind-cold-damp bi syndrome with sinew spasm, treats swelling, carbuncles, malignant toxins, and dead muscle. It still opens interstices and smooths skin. Boiled horn is superior to White Glue, as its force is tighter than deer. It fills essence and marrow, soothes lower back and knees, benefits blood vessels, and beautifies complexion. Ground in sour water into mud, applied to face prevents wrinkles; mixed with pure wine and meat powder and drunk, enters Heart and Epigastrium to stop pain. Bone decoction drunk removes deficiency labor; meat eaten benefits Middle Qi.
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Su Dongpo said: For tonifying Yang, Deer Horn is superior; for tonifying Yin, Sika Deer Horn is superior. Presumably, Deer are Yang animals, mostly in mountains. Deer shed horns at Summer Solstice, an image of retreating from Yang. Sika Deer are Yin animals, mostly in marshes. Sika Deer shed horns at Winter Solstice, an image of retreating from Yin. Yin and Yang are opposite thus. Therefore it is said: Deer Velvet benefits tonifying Yang, Sika Deer Velvet benefits tonifying Yin. Now people do not distinguish between Mi and Lu, merely saying Mi beats Lu, or Lu beats Mi, which is likely a negligence. Some pierce Mi and Lu blood to replace velvet. Saying: Velvet is just blood, is a huge error. Sika Deer horns become hard within two months. Large ones weigh over twenty jin, hard as stone. Among bone and horn types, no growth is faster than this. Even easy-growing plants cannot match it. This is the strongest bone, hence it can tonify bone blood, strengthen Yang pathways, and strengthen bone marrow. How can it be compared to blood? Based on Dongpo's words, they seem very insightful. But regarding what the two horns tonify, it greatly contradicts previous classics. The *Benjing* states: Deer tonifies Yin, Mi tonifies Yang, based on the advancement of Qi at the two solstices. Dongpo states: Deer tonifies Yang, Mi tonifies Yin, based on the retreat of Qi at the two solstices. Thus readers inevitably start doubting both ends, yet must seek a unified theory. I have pondered, Yang is firm and abundant, Yin is soft and deficient. Mi and Lu are essentially the same category. Deer bodies are large and strong, are they not abundant and belonging to Yang? Deer bodies are small and weak, are they not deficient and belonging to Yin? Just as men's Qi is mostly firm and large, women's Qi is mostly soft and small. Yang can tonify Yang, Yin can tonify Yin, this principle is naturally unchangeable. Now Dongpo cites "mostly in mountains" and "mostly in marshes" to divide them into Yang and Yin animals. Holding this as correct, then pigs are also water animals, should be Yin animals, why did Danxi say their meat specifically tonifies Yang, earnestly warning those with Yin deficiency? Anyone in health preservation wishing to utilize the two horns for separate tonification must follow the text of the *Benjing* as the standard for all generations.
Another commentary: *Huainanzi* says: Pregnant women seeing rabbits result in children with cleft lips; seeing sika deer results in children with four eyes. Things have their natural laws, but this seems not so. Sika deer have four eyes, two of which are night vision eyes. Ancients said there are apertures under the eyes allowing night vision, that is what it refers to.