\r龟甲\pj477.bmp\r
味咸、甘，气平。有毒。一云属金，有水，阴中阳也。无毒。深泽阴山，处处俱有。
得神龟甲版为上，（神龟产水中，底甲当心前一处四方透明，如琥珀色者是也。）分阴阳取用
才灵。（头方、壳圆、脚短者为阳龟，形长、头尖、脚长者为阴龟。阴人用阳，阳人用阴，
今医不复分别。）杀死煮脱者力微，自死肉败者力猛。只取底版，悉去傍弦。精制择真酥油
，
或用猪脂醇酒。旋涂旋炙，直待脆黄。杵细末作丸，十二月忌食。（犯则损命。）畏狗胆，恶
沙参。专补阴衰，借性气引达诸药；善滋肾损，仗功力复足真元。漏下崩带并驱，症瘕 疟
咸却。伤寒劳复，或肌体寒热欲死者殊功，腰背酸痛，及手足重弱难举者易效。治小儿囟门
不合，理女子湿痒阴疮。逐瘀血积凝，续筋骨断绝。因其性灵于物，方家多用补心。久服轻
身，益气资智。肉煮啖，除风痹身肿瘴气及 折并奇；又酿酒，主风痛拘挛缓急并瘫
痪皆妙
。作成羹 ，尤补虚羸。血涂脱肛缩肠，溺止久嗽断疟。（滴耳中，治耳聋亦验。
溺最难得
，采时置雄龟于磁盘中，以镜照之，龟见影往往淫发而失溺，急以物收。又法∶以纸炷火上
热以点其尻，亦致失溺，然不及镜照快也。）头骨可带入水，身骨堪带入山。并
令不迷，未
为无益。余多种类，亦各有能。 千岁灵龟五色全具，额端骨起似角，剔甲食最延年。
秦龟产秦地山中，
大小无定；甲服主湿痹体重，四肢挛蜷。 鸯龟（一名呷蛇龟。）腥臭食蛇
，
陆地常有；身狭尾长色黑，大木能登。取肉捣糜，惟敷蛇咬。 （ 音兹） （音夷）
乃山龟极
大，人立背上，可负而行；其甲系黄色通明，俗谓龟筒，堪为器皿。毒箭伤闷绝，刺血饮
立痊。 疟龟（一名鹗龟。）高山石下生，嘴如鹗鸟；能治老疟无时发，烧灰汤调。服
下二钱
，微利而止。绿毛龟蕲州出产，浮水面绿毛鲜明。包缚额端，能禁邪疟。收藏书笥，
堪辟蠹
虫。
（谟）按∶方药用败龟版者，乃龟死深山之中，形肉烂渗甲内，人或捡拾，因有此名。
奈何《
本经》款下注系卜师钻灼者为是？取名漏天机，则甚误矣。夫龟禀北方阴气而生，为阴中至
阴之物，大能补阴而治阴血不足。是以下焦滋补丸药，多用为君。惟此败者，血肉渗尽，性
气具全。匪特补足真元，抑且引达诸药。空腹吞服，反掌成功。故诸明医方中，但用此味
，不书曰龟版，而特曰败龟版者，盖亦真知功力健捷，使人必求得之而弗略也。若以钻灼过
为然，不过枣核作炷，烧炙焦燥而已。较生者何殊，用治病何益，又何取义，特加败字谆谆
以示人耶！
味咸、甘，气平。有毒。另一种说法认为其属金，含水，是阴中之阳。无毒。（注：此处原文存在两种对立观点，一云有毒，一云无毒。）深泽和阴山之中，到处都有。
得到神龟的底板为上乘。（所谓神龟产于水中，其底甲正中心前有一处四方透明，呈琥珀色，就是这种。）分阴阳来取用才显灵验。（头方、壳圆、脚短的是阳龟；身形长、头尖、脚长的是阴龟。阴证患者用阳龟，阳证患者用阴龟，现在的医生不再加以分别了。）杀死后煮去肉皮的药力微弱，自然死亡且肉体腐烂的药力猛烈。只取底板，完全去掉周边的裙边。精制时选用真酥油，或者用猪脂和醇酒。一边涂抹一边炙烤，直到变得脆黄为止。捣成细末制作成丸剂，十二月忌食。（如果违反禁忌会损害生命。）畏狗胆，恶沙参。专门补益阴衰，借助其性气引导诸药到达病所；善于滋补肾损，依靠其功力恢复足部真元。能驱除漏下、崩中和带下，消除症瘕、疟疾等病症。对于伤寒劳复，或者身体寒热欲死的情况有殊效，对于腰背酸痛，以及手足沉重虚弱难以举动的情况容易见效。治疗小儿囟门不合，调理女子阴部湿痒疮疡。逐除瘀血积凝，接续断裂的筋骨。因为它的灵性在于物类之中，医家多用于补心。长期服用可以轻身，益气增智。龟肉煮熟食用，可以去除风痹、身体肿胀、瘴气以及骨折等奇难杂症；又可以用它酿酒，主治风痛、拘挛、缓急以及瘫痪都妙不可言。做成羹汤，尤其能补益虚羸。龟血涂敷脱肛可缩肠，龟尿可止久咳、断疟。（滴入耳中，治疗耳聋也有效。龟尿最难得，采集时将雄龟放在磁盘中，用镜子照射它，龟看见影子往往发情而排出尿液，急忙用器物收集。另一种方法：用纸捻在火上烧热去点它的肛门，也能导致排尿，但不如照镜子快速。）头骨可以带入水中，身体骨骼可以带入山中。都能让人不迷路，并非没有益处。其余多种龟类，也各有功效。千岁的灵龟五色齐全，额头骨头隆起像角一样，剔除龟甲食用最能延年益寿。秦龟产于秦地山中，大小不定；龟甲服用主治湿痹、身体沉重、四肢挛蜷。鸯龟（又名呷蛇龟），腥臭，吃蛇，陆地上常有；身躯狭长尾巴长颜色黑，连大树都能攀登。取其肉捣烂成泥，只能敷治蛇咬伤。（音兹）（音夷）是山龟中极大的种类，人站在背上，它能背负而行；其甲壳黄色通明，俗称龟筒，可以作为器皿。毒箭射伤导致闷绝，刺破出血饮用龟血立即痊愈。（音兹）疟龟（又名鹗龟），生于高山石下，嘴像鹗鸟；能治疗老疟疾不时发作，烧成灰后用汤药调服。服用二钱，微利即止。绿毛龟出产于蕲州，浮在水面上绿毛鲜明。包裹在额头端，能禁制邪疟。收藏在书箱里，可以辟蠹虫。
（陈嘉谟）按语：方药中使用败龟版的，是指龟死在深山之中，形体肌肉腐烂渗入甲内，有人捡拾，因此有此名称。奈何《本经》条目下注明系卜师钻灼者为是？取名“漏天机”，那就大错特错了。夫龟禀受北方阴气而生，是阴中之至阴之物，大能补阴而治疗阴血不足。所以下焦滋补丸药，多用它为君药。只有这种败者，血肉渗尽，性气俱全。不仅补足真元，而且引导诸药到达病所。空腹吞服，反掌之间即可成功。所以各位名医的方子中，只用此味药，不写做“龟版”，而特别写做“败龟版”的，大概是真正知道其功力健捷，使人必须求得它而不忽略它。如果认为经过钻灼处理是对的，不过是像枣核做的纸捻一样，烧炙焦燥而已。与生龟相比有什么不同，用来治病有什么益处，又有什么取义，特意加上“败”字谆谆教导人们呢！
Tortoise Shell (Guijia)
Salty and sweet in flavor, neutral in nature. Toxic. Another view holds that it belongs to Metal, contains Water, and is Yang within Yin. Non-toxic. It is found everywhere in deep marshes and shady mountains.
The upper grade is the plastron of the divine tortoise. (The divine tortoise lives in water; its plastron has a square, transparent area at the front center resembling amber.) Differentiate between Yin and Yang for usage to achieve efficacy. (A tortoise with a square head, round carapace, and short legs is considered Yang; one with an elongated body, pointed head, and long legs is considered Yin. Patients with Yin patterns should use Yang tortoises, and those with Yang patterns should use Yin tortoises; however, contemporary physicians no longer distinguish between them.) Tortoises killed and boiled to remove flesh have weak medicinal power, whereas those that died naturally and whose flesh rotted have potent medicinal power. Only the plastron is used, and all marginal scutes (skirt edges) are removed. For refined processing, select true butter oil, or use lard and mellow wine. Apply while roasting until crisp and yellow. Grind into fine powder and make into pills. Avoid consumption in the twelfth lunar month. (Violation may endanger life.) It is adverse to dog bile and dislikes Radix Codonopsis (Shashen). It specifically tonifies Yin deficiency, utilizing its nature and qi to guide other herbs to their destinations; it nourishes Kidney damage and relies on its potency to restore the primordial Yuan Qi. It expels leukorrhea, metrorrhagia, and vaginal discharge; it eliminates masses (Zhengjia) and malaria. It shows remarkable efficacy in treating relapse after febrile diseases due to overexertion (Laofu), or severe chills and fever threatening death; it is effective for soreness and pain in the waist and back, as well as heaviness and weakness in the hands and feet making movement difficult. It treats fontanelles that fail to close in children and manages damp-itching sores in women's genitalia. It dispels blood stasis and accumulation, and reconnects severed bones and tendons. Due to its spiritual nature among creatures, formulators often use it to tonify the Heart. Long-term consumption lightens the body, benefits Qi, and enhances intelligence. Boiled meat can be eaten to treat wind-bi, bodily swelling, miasma, fractures, and other rare conditions; when made into wine, it excellently treats wind-pain, spasms, flaccidity, and paralysis. Made into soup, it particularly tonifies emaciation. Tortoise blood applied externally retracts prolapsed rectum; tortoise urine stops chronic cough and halts malaria. (Dropped into the ear, it effectively treats deafness. Tortoise urine is hardest to obtain: place a male tortoise in a porcelain dish, shine a mirror upon it; seeing its reflection often induces mating behavior and urination, which must be collected quickly. Another method: heat a paper wick on fire and touch its cloaca to induce urination, though this is slower than using a mirror.) The skull can be carried into water, and the body bones into mountains, both preventing getting lost, which is not without benefit. Other varieties also possess specific efficacies. The thousand-year spirit tortoise possesses all five colors completely; the bone at the forehead protrudes like a horn, and consuming its shell is most conducive to longevity. Qin tortoises are produced in the mountains of Qin region, varying in size; their shells treat damp-bi, heavy body, and curling of the four limbs. Yang tortoise (also known as She-she-gui / Snake-eating tortoise) smells fishy and foul, eats snakes, and is common on land; it has a narrow body, long tail, black color, and can climb large trees. Its meat pounded into paste is only suitable for applying to snake bites. Ci (音兹) and Yi (音夷) refer to extremely large mountain tortoises; a person standing on its back can be carried by it; its shell is yellow and transparent, commonly called "tortoise tube," suitable for making vessels. For poisoning by venomous arrows causing syncope, pricking for bloodletting and drinking the blood leads to immediate recovery. Ci-malaria tortoise (also known as E-gui / Eagle tortoise) grows under rocks in high mountains, with a beak like an eagle bird; it treats chronic intermittent malaria that occurs irregularly. Burned to ash and mixed with decoction, two qian are taken, stopping after mild purgation. Green-haired tortoises are produced in Qizhou, floating on the water surface with bright green hair. Wrapped around the forehead, it can suppress malignant malaria. Stored in book chests, it repels bookworms.
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: In formulas, "Bai Gui Ban" (Decayed Tortoise Plastron) refers to tortoises that died in deep mountains, where flesh rotted and seeped into the shell, later picked up by people, hence the name. Why does the *Shennong Bencao Jing* annotation state that those drilled and burned by diviners are correct? Naming it "Leaking Heaven's Secret" is a great error. The tortoise is born from the Yin Qi of the North, being the most Yin substance within Yin, greatly capable of tonifying Yin and treating Yin-blood deficiency. Therefore, it is often used as the sovereign herb in lower-jiao tonifying pills. Only this "decayed" type has had flesh and blood fully absorbed/seeped away, retaining complete nature and qi. It not only replenishes true Yuan Qi but also guides other herbs. Taken on an empty stomach, success is achieved instantly. Thus, in the prescriptions of renowned physicians, this ingredient is used but not written as "Gui Ban" (Tortoise Plastron), but specifically as "Bai Gui Ban" (Decayed Tortoise Plastron), presumably because they truly know its potent and swift efficacy, ensuring people seek it out and do not overlook it. If one considers drilling and burning to be correct, it is merely like burning a date pit wick until charred and dry. What difference does it make compared to raw material? What benefit does it offer in treating disease? What meaning does it convey? Why add the character "Bai" (Decayed) earnestly to instruct people!