宋·政和中医官通直郎收买药材所辨验药材寇宗 撰。晁公武《读书志》、陈直斋《书
录解题》皆有着录。政和六年，提举荆武北路常平等事刘亚夫申投尚书省太医学博士李康看
详状
申，有旨转一官添差充收买药材所辨验药材。宣和元年，其侄宣教郎知解州解县丞寇约镂本
印行。宗 里贯无考，以扎付及卷六 石条、菊花水条、卷十三桑寄生条推之，知其曾官杭
州、永耀、顺安军等处，由承直郎澧州司户进书转一官而已。宗 以禹锡所修慎微策所续《
本草》尚有差失，因参考诸家事实，忝以目验，核以情理，拾遗纠谬，援引辨证，发明良多
，凡名未用而意义已尽者，皆不编入，其所辨证，如东壁土取太阳少火之壮，冬灰取冬令烧
灼之久，水味不因菊花而香，鼹鼠不能遗溺生子，玉泉为玉浆之讹，石中黄子为黄水之误，
皆能实事求是，切实证明，洵《本草》之功臣，医林之津筏也。东垣、丹溪诸公，皆尊信之
，故丹溪有《衍义补遗》之作，惟以兰花为兰草，卷丹为百合，微有差误耳。宋时尝与《证
类本草》别本单行。自金人张存惠采附《证类本草》之中，金元刻本仍之，单行本殆绝版矣
。归安陆公心源藏有南宋麻沙本，完全无缺，爰收刊本集，以广其传。
《本草衍义》二十卷，宋通直郎添差充收买药材所辨验药材寇宗 撰。晁公武《读书志》、
陈直斋《书录解题》皆着于录。政和六年，提举荆湖北路常平等事刘亚夫申投尚书省太医学
博士李康看详状申，有旨转一官添差充收买药材所辨验药材。宣和元年，其侄宣教郎和解州
解
县丞寇约镂板印行。宗 里贯无考。以扎付及卷六 石条、菊花水条、卷十三桑寄生条推之
，知其曾官杭州、永耀、顺安军等处，由承直郎澧州司户进书转一官而已。《神农本草》之
名，始见于梁《七录》，凡三百六十五种，陶隐居又增三百六十五种，是为《名医别录》。
唐显庆中，命苏恭等参考得失，增一百一十四种，是为《唐本草》。宋太祖命刘翰等以医家
尝用有效者增一百三十三种，是为《开宝重定本草》。仁宗命掌禹锡等，再加校正增一百种
，是为《嘉 补注本草》。蜀人唐慎微博采群书，增六百余种，是为《经史证类本草》。徽
宗又命曹孝忠刊正之，是为《政和重修经史证类备用本草》。宗 以禹锡所修、慎微所续尚
有差失，因考诸家，参以目验，拾遗纠谬，着为此书。凡名未用而意义已尽者，皆不编入。
其所辨证，如东壁土取太阳少火之壮，冬灰取冬令烧灼之久，水味不因菊花而香，鼹鼠不能
遗溺生子，玉泉为玉浆之讹，石中黄子为黄水之讹，皆能实事求是，疏通证明，洵乎《本草
》之功臣，医林之津筏也。宋时与《证类本草》别本单行，自金人张存惠采附《证类本草》
之中，明人因之，而单行本遂微，余所藏为南宋麻沙本，完善无缺，因重梓以广其传。
光绪三年岁在强圉赤奋若仲冬之月归安陆心源撰
由宋代政和年间中医官通直郎、负责收买药材所辨验药材的寇宗撰写的。晁公武的《读书志》和陈振孙（陈直斋）的《书录解题》中都有著录。政和六年，提举荆湖北路常平等事的刘亚夫向尚书省太医学博士李康呈递看详状，皇帝下旨提升寇宗一级官阶，添差充任收买药材所辨验药材一职。宣和元年，他的侄子宣教郎、解州解县丞寇约刻印发行此书。寇宗的籍贯无法考证，根据札付以及卷六石条、菊花水条、卷十三桑寄生条推断，知道他曾在杭州、永耀、顺安军等地任职，是从承直郎澧州司户通过进献书籍转升一级官阶而已。寇宗认为掌禹锡修订、唐慎微续修的《本草》仍有差错失误，于是参考各家事实，以自己亲眼所见验证，用情理核校，拾取遗漏纠正谬误，援引辨证，阐发良多，凡是名称存在但未使用且意义已穷尽的，都不编入书中。他所辨证的，如东壁土取自太阳少火的壮盛，冬灰取自冬季烧灼的时间长久，水的味道不会因菊花而变香，鼹鼠不能遗尿生子，玉泉是玉浆的讹误，石中黄子是黄水的误写，都能实事求是，切实证明，确实是《本草》的功臣，医林的渡船。李东垣、朱丹溪诸位先生，都尊奉信任他，所以朱丹溪有《衍义补遗》之作，只是将兰花当作兰草，卷丹当作百合，略有差错罢了。宋代时曾与《证类本草》作为别本单独流行。自从金代人张存惠将其采附于《证类本草》之中，金元刻本沿袭此做法，单行本几乎绝版了。归安陆心源收藏有南宋麻沙刻本，完全无缺，于是收录刊印，以广泛流传。
《本草衍义》二十卷，由宋代通直郎添差充任收买药材所辨验药材寇宗撰写。晁公武《读书志》、陈振孙《书录解题》都有著录。政和六年，提举荆湖北路常平等事的刘亚夫向尚书省太医学博士李康呈递看详状，皇帝下旨提升寇宗一级官阶，添差充任收买药材所辨验药材。宣和元年，他的侄子宣教郎和解州解县丞寇约刻板印行。寇宗籍贯无法考证。根据札付及卷六石条、菊花水条、卷十三桑寄生条推断，知道他曾在杭州、永耀、顺安军等地任职，是从承直郎澧州司户进献书籍转升一级官阶而已。《神农本草》之名，开始见于梁代《七录》，共三百六十五种，陶弘景又增加三百六十五种，这就是《名医别录》。唐显庆年间，命令苏恭等人参考得失，增加一百一十四种，这就是《唐本草》。宋太祖命令刘翰等人以医家曾经使用有效的药物增加一百三十三种，这就是《开宝重定本草》。仁宗命令掌禹锡等人，再加校正增加一百种，这就是《嘉祐补注本草》。蜀人唐慎微博采群书，增加六百多种，这就是《经史证类本草》。徽宗又命令曹孝忠刊正它，这就是《政和重修经史证类备用本草》。寇宗认为掌禹锡修订、唐慎微续修的本草仍有差错，于是考察各家，参以亲眼所见，拾遗纠谬，撰写了这本书。凡是名称存在但未使用且意义已穷尽的，都不编入。他所辨证的，如东壁土取自太阳少火的壮盛，冬灰取自冬季烧灼的时间长久，水的味道不会因菊花而变香，鼹鼠不能遗尿生子，玉泉是玉浆的讹误，石中黄子是黄水的误写，都能实事求是，疏通证明，确实是《本草》的功臣，医林的渡船。宋代时与《证类本草》作为别本单独流行，自金代人张存惠将其采附于《证类本草》之中，明代人沿袭此做法，单行本于是微弱，我所收藏的是南宋麻沙本，完善无缺，于是重新梓印以广泛流传。
光绪三年岁在强圉赤奋若仲冬之月，归安陆心源撰写。
Written by Kou Zongshi, a Tongzhilang (Assistant Official) of the Imperial Medical Bureau during the Zhenghe era of the Song Dynasty, who was responsible for inspecting medicinal materials at the Office for Purchasing Medicinal Herbs. It is recorded in Chao Gongwu's *Dushu Zhi* (Record of Reading Books) and Chen Zhizhai's *Shulu Jieti* (Explanatory Notes on Book Records). In the sixth year of Zhenghe, Liu Yafu, who was in charge of the Changping Affairs in Jinghu North Circuit, submitted a report to Li Kang, Doctor of the Imperial Medical College under the Department of State Affairs. An imperial decree ordered Kou Zongshi to be promoted by one rank and appointed as an additional official for inspecting medicinal materials at the Office for Purchasing Medicinal Herbs. In the first year of Xuanhe, his nephew, Kou Yue, a Jiaoyi Lang (Official of Instruction) and Vice Magistrate of Jie County in Jiezhou, had it carved and printed. Kou Zongshi's native place is unknown. Based on official dispatches and entries such as "Fushi Shi" (Stone from the East Wall), "Juhua Shui" (Chrysanthemum Water) in Volume 6, and "Sangjisheng" (Taxillus/Sandalwood Parasite) in Volume 13, it can be inferred that he served in Hangzhou, Yongyao, and Shun'an Jun, having risen from Chengzhilang (Assistant Official) and Household Administrator of Lizhou to a higher rank through the presentation of books. Kou Zongshi believed that the *Bencao* revised by Zhang Yuxi and continued by Tang Shenwei still contained errors. Therefore, he consulted various sources, verified them with his own observations, corrected mistakes, filled omissions, cited evidence for differentiation, and elucidated many points. Any items whose names existed but were unused and whose meanings were exhausted were not included. His verifications, such as explaining that Fushi Shi derives its potency from the vigorous heat of the Sun and Shaohuo (Lesser Fire), Donghui (Winter Ash) from the long duration of burning in winter, that water does not become fragrant due to chrysanthemum, that moles cannot urinate to give birth, that Yuquan (Jade Spring) is a misnomer for Yujang (Jade Nectar), and that Shizhong Huangzi (Yellow Child in Stone) is a mistake for Huangshui (Yellow Water), all adhere to facts and provide solid proof. He is indeed a meritorious contributor to the *Bencao* and a ferry across the medical forest. Scholars like Li Dongyuan and Zhu Danxi respected and trusted him; thus, Zhu Danxi wrote *Yanyi Buyi* (Supplemental Remedy to the Extended Meaning), although he made minor errors by identifying Lan Hua (Orchid) as Lancao (Agastache) and Juandan (Lilium lancifolium) as Baihe (Lily bulb). During the Song Dynasty, this work circulated separately from the *Zhenglei Bencao*. Since the Jin dynasty scholar Zhang Cunhui incorporated it into the *Zhenglei Bencao*, subsequent Jin and Yuan editions followed suit, causing the separate edition to nearly vanish. Lu Xinyuan of Gui'an possessed a complete Southern Song Masha edition and decided to publish it to facilitate its widespread dissemination.
*Bencao Yan yi* (Extended Meanings of Materia Medica), twenty volumes, written by Kou Zongshi, a Song Dynasty Tongzhilang appointed as an additional official for inspecting medicinal materials at the Office for Purchasing Medicinal Herbs. It is recorded in Chao Gongwu's *Dushu Zhi* and Chen Zhizhai's *Shulu Jieti*. In the sixth year of Zhenghe, Liu Yafu, supervisor of Changping affairs in Jinghu North Circuit, submitted a review report to Li Kang, Doctor of the Imperial Medical College under the Department of State Affairs. An imperial decree promoted Kou Zongshi by one rank and appointed him to inspect medicinal materials at the Office for Purchasing Medicinal Herbs. In the first year of Xuanhe, his nephew Kou Yue, a Jiaoyi Lang and Vice Magistrate of Jie County in Jiezhou, had it carved and printed. Kou Zongshi's origin is unrecorded. Inferring from official documents and entries like "Fushi Shi," "Juhua Shui" in Vol. 6, and "Sangjisheng" in Vol. 13, he served in Hangzhou, Yongyao, and Shun'an Jun, rising from Chengzhilang and Household Administrator of Lizhou via book presentation. The name *Shennong Bencao* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) first appeared in the Liang Dynasty's *Qilu* (Seven Records), comprising 365 species. Tao Hongjing added another 365 species, forming the *Mingyi Biegu lu* (Separate Record of Famous Physicians). In the Xianqing era of the Tang Dynasty, Su Gong and others were ordered to review gains and losses, adding 114 species, resulting in the *Tang Bencao* (Tang Materia Medica). Emperor Taizu of Song ordered Liu Han and others to add 133 species commonly used effectively by physicians, creating the *Kaibao Chongding Bencao* (Kaibao Revised Materia Medica). Emperor Renzong ordered Zhang Yuxi and others to correct and add 100 species, producing the *Jiayou Buchu Bencao* (Jiayou Supplemental Materia Medica). Tang Shenwei of Shu collected extensively from various books, adding over 600 species, resulting in the *Jingshi Zhenglei Bencao* (Classified Materia Medica Verified by Classics and History). Emperor Huizong ordered Cao Xiaozhong to edit it, leading to the *Zhenghe Chongxiu Jingshi Zhenglei Beiyong Bencao* (Zhenghe Revised Classified Materia Medica for Emergency Use). Kou Zongshi found errors in the works revised by Zhang Yuxi and continued by Tang Shenwei, so he investigated various sources, combined them with personal observation, corrected errors, and authored this book. Items with names but no usage and exhausted meanings were excluded. His verifications, such as the potency of Fushi Shi from solar heat, Donghui from prolonged winter burning, water not becoming fragrant with chrysanthemum, moles not urinating to birth, Yuquan being a corruption of Yujang, and Shizhong Huangzi being a mistake for Huangshui, all adhered to facts and provided clear proofs, making him a true merit-maker for the *Bencao* and a guide for the medical community. During the Song Dynasty, it circulated separately from the *Zhenglei Bencao*. After Zhang Cunhui of the Jin Dynasty attached it to the *Zhenglei Bencao*, Ming scholars followed suit, causing the separate edition to decline. I possess a complete Southern Song Masha edition and have reprinted it to spread its transmission.
Written by Lu Xinyuan of Gui'an in the mid-winter month of the year Qiangyu Chifenruo (Guangxu Year 3).