与松脂皆可乱乳香，尤宜区别。枫香微黄白色，烧之尤见真伪。兼能治风瘾疹痒毒。
水煎，热燥洗。
若湿漆，药中未见用。凡用者，皆干漆耳。其湿者，在燥热及霜冷时则难干，得阴湿
，虽寒月亦易干。亦物之性也。若沾渍人，以油治之。凡验漆，惟稀者以物蘸起细而不断，
断而急收起，又涂于干竹上，荫之速干者，并佳。余如经。
诸家所解，蔓荆、牡荆纷纠不一。经既言蔓荆，明知是蔓生，即非高木也。既言牡
荆，则自是木上生者。况《汉书·郊祀志》所言“以牡荆茎为幡竿”，故知蔓荆即子大者是
，又何疑焉。后条有栾荆，此即便是牡荆也。子青色，如茱萸，不合更立栾荆条。故文中云
∶本草不载，亦无别名，但有栾花，功用又别，断无疑焉。《注》中妄称石荆当之，其说转
见穿凿。
新旧书云∶今处处有之。从宦南北，实处处难得，岂岁岁窠斫摘践之苦，而不能生
邪？抑方宜不同也？若以为鸟食物子落枝节间，感气而生，则麦当生麦，谷当生谷，不当但
生
此一物也。又有于柔滑细枝上生者，如何得子落枝节间？由是言之，自是感造化之气，别是
一物。古人当日惟取桑上者，实假其气耳。又云今医家鲜用，此极误矣。今医家非不用也，
第以难得真桑上者。尝得真桑寄生，下咽必验如神。向承乏吴山，有求药于诸邑者，乃遍令
人搜摘，卒不可得，遂以实告，甚不乐。盖不敢以伪药罔人。邻邑有人伪以他木寄生送之，
服之逾月而死。哀哉！
枫香脂与松脂都能混淆乳香，尤其需要加以区别。枫香脂颜色微呈黄白色，燃烧时更能辨别真伪。它兼能治疗风邪引起的瘾疹瘙痒毒症。用水煎煮，趁热燥洗患处。
至于湿漆，在药物中未见使用。凡是使用的，都是干漆罢了。那种湿漆，在燥热天气和霜冷时节难以干燥，遇到阴湿环境，即使在寒冬也容易干燥。这也是事物的本性。如果沾到身上，用油来治疗。检验漆的方法，只有稀薄的漆用物体蘸起后，丝细而不断裂，断裂后迅速收起，再涂在干竹子上，在阴凉处能迅速干燥的，都是好漆。其余内容如经典记载。
各家对蔓荆、牡荆的解释，纷乱不一。既然经文说“蔓荆”，明知它是蔓生植物，就不是高大的树木。既然说“牡荆”，那自然是生长在木本上的。况且《汉书·郊祀志》所说的“用牡荆茎做幡竿”，所以知道蔓荆就是果实较大的那种，还有什么可怀疑的呢？后面条目中有栾荆，这其实就是牡荆。果实青色，像茱萸，不应该再单独设立栾荆条目。所以文中说：本草不记载，也没有别名，只有栾花，功用又不同，断定无疑。注释中妄称石荆来对应，这种说法反而显得牵强附会。
新旧书籍说：现在到处都有。从宦游南北，实际上到处都难得，难道是因为每年砍伐采摘践踏的痛苦，导致不能生长吗？还是因为地方适宜性不同呢？如果认为是鸟吃的食物种子落在枝节间，感受空气而生，那么麦子应当生出麦，谷子应当生出谷，不应当只生出这一种东西。又有在柔滑细枝上生长的，怎么能说是种子落在枝节间呢？由此说来，自然是感受造化之气，是另一种东西。古人当时只取桑树上的寄生，实际上是借助它的气机。又说现在医家很少使用，这是极大的错误。现在医家不是不用，只是难以得到真正的桑上寄生。曾经得到真正的桑寄生，咽下后必定见效如神。以前我在吴山任职时，有从各个县求药的人，于是让人遍寻采摘，最终得不到，就如实告知，他们很不高兴。大概是不敢用假药欺骗人。邻县有人伪造其他树木的寄生送给他，服用一个月后就死了。可悲啊！
Liquidambar resin (Fengxiang) and pine resin (Songzhi) can both be used to adulterate frankincense (Ruxiang), and it is especially important to distinguish between them. Liquidambar resin is slightly yellowish-white in color, and its authenticity can be particularly verified by burning it. It also treats wind-induced urticaria (feng yin zhen) with itching and toxicity. Decoct in water and wash the affected area while hot and dry.
As for wet lacquer (Shiqi), it is not seen used in medicinal preparations. What is used are all dried lacquer (Ganqi). The wet kind is difficult to dry during hot and dry weather or when frost is cold; however, in damp and humid conditions, it dries easily even in winter months. This is also the nature of the substance. If it stains the skin, treat it with oil. To test lacquer quality: only thin lacquer that, when dipped up with an object, forms a fine thread without breaking, and if broken, retracts quickly, and when applied to dry bamboo, dries rapidly in the shade, is considered good. The rest follows the classics.
Various schools of interpretation regarding Vitex trifolia (Manjing) and Vitex negundo (Mujing) are inconsistent and confusing. Since the classic text mentions "Manjing" (creeping Jing), it is known to be a creeping plant, not a tall tree. Since it mentions "Mujing" (male Jing), it naturally grows on woody plants. Moreover, the *Book of Han · Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices* states "using Mujing stems as flagpoles," thus we know that Manjing refers to the variety with larger seeds, leaving no room for doubt. The later entry "Luanjing" is indeed Mujing. Its fruit is green, resembling cornel (Zhuyu), so there should be no separate entry for Luanjing. Therefore, the text states: "Not recorded in Bencao, no other names, only has Luan flowers, with different functions," which is definitive. The commentary wrongly claims Shijing corresponds to this, making the argument appear far-fetched.
New and old texts state: "It is found everywhere nowadays." Traveling north and south for official duties, I find it genuinely hard to obtain everywhere. Is it because the hardship of annual cutting, picking, and trampling prevents growth? Or is it due to different regional suitability? If one believes that bird food seeds falling on branch joints generate new plants through air exposure, then wheat should produce wheat, and millet should produce millet, not just this single species. Furthermore, some grow on smooth, slender branches; how can seeds fall into branch joints there? Thus, it is naturally generated by the Qi of creation, being a distinct entity. The ancients originally only took those growing on mulberry trees, actually borrowing their Qi. It is also said that modern physicians rarely use it, which is a great error. Modern physicians do use it, but simply cannot obtain genuine mulberry-dwelling mistletoe (Sangjisheng). I once obtained genuine Sangjisheng, and upon ingestion, it worked miraculously. Previously, while serving at Wushan, people from various counties sought medicine from me. I ordered people to search and pick extensively, but ultimately could not obtain any, so I told them the truth. They were very displeased. This was because I dared not deceive people with fake medicine. Someone from a neighboring county sent me fake mistletoe from other trees; after taking it for over a month, he died. How sorrowful!