凡诸竹与笋，性皆微寒，故知叶其用一致。《本经》不言笋及苦竹性，若取沥作油，
亦不必强择也。张仲景竹叶汤用淡竹。笋难化，不益脾。邻家一小儿，方二岁，偶失照管，
壮热喘粗、不食多睡、仰头呻吟、微呕逆、瞑目多惊，凡三五日，医作慢惊治之。治不对，
病不愈。忽然其母误将有巴豆食药作惊药，化五丸如麻子大，灌之。稍久，大吐，有物噎于
喉中，乳媪以指摘出之，约长三寸，粗如小指，乃三日前，临阶曝者干箭笋。是夜诸证皆定
，次日但以和气药调治，遂安。其难化也如此。经曰∶问而知之者谓之工。小儿不能问，故
为难治，医者当慎谨也。
枳实、枳壳一物也。小则其性酷而速，大则其性详而缓。故张仲景治伤寒仓猝之病，
承气汤中用枳实，此其意也。皆取其疏通决泄、破结实之义。他方但导败风壅之气，可常服
者，故用枳壳，其意如此。
与吴茱萸甚不相类。山茱萸色红，大如枸杞子。吴茱萸如川椒，初结子时，其大小
亦不过椒，色正青。得名则一，治疗又不同。未审当日何缘如此命名。然山茱萸补养肾脏，
无
一不宜。经与《注》所说备矣。
猪苓利水的作用很强，长期服用必定会损伤肾气、损害视力。如果确实想要长期服用，更应当仔细审慎。
凡是各种竹子和竹笋，性质都是微寒的，所以知道竹叶和它们的功效是一致的。《神农本草经》没有记载竹笋及苦竹的性质，如果要取竹沥制成油状物，也不必强行挑选特定的竹子。张仲景在竹叶汤中使用的是淡竹。竹笋难以消化，对脾胃没有益处。邻居家的一个小孩，才两岁，偶然间失去了照看，出现高热、呼吸急促粗重、不吃东西且嗜睡、仰头呻吟、轻微呕吐逆气、闭眼多惊厥等症状，持续了大约三到五天，医生当作慢惊风来治疗。治疗方法不对症，病情没有好转。忽然间他的母亲误将含有巴豆的药物当作治惊药，将其化为五丸，大小如麻子，灌服下去。过了不久，孩子剧烈呕吐，有物体噎在喉咙中，乳母用手指将其抠出，长度约三寸，粗细像小手指，原来是三天前在台阶上晾晒干的箭笋。那天晚上所有症状都平息了，第二天只用调和胃气的药物调理，于是痊愈。竹笋难以消化的情况就是这样。医经说：通过询问而了解病情的医生称为“工”（高明医生）。小儿不能表达询问，所以难以治疗，医生应当谨慎小心。
枳实和枳壳是同一物。小的则药性猛烈而迅速，大的则药性温和而缓慢。所以张仲景治疗伤寒急迫的病证，在承气汤中使用枳实，就是这个用意。都是取其疏通泄降、破除结实的意思。其他方剂如果只是引导败坏壅滞之气，可以长期服用的，所以使用枳壳，用意也是如此。
（山茱萸）与吴茱萸非常不相似。山茱萸颜色红，大小像枸杞子。吴茱萸像川椒，刚结子时，大小也不过像花椒，颜色正青。得名虽然相同，但治疗作用又不同。不知道当初为什么这样命名。然而山茱萸补养肾脏，没有任何不适合之处。医经及其注释所说已经很完备了。
（此药）必须在深水中浸泡以去除苦涩剧烈的汁液，反复六七次，才可以服用。现在的经文、注释以及注释中的制药方法都没有提及，也是遗漏之处。这种药物下气速度最快，肠道虚弱的人服用后会更严重。
The water-draining efficacy is potent; long-term use will inevitably damage Kidney Qi (Kidney energy) and impair vision. If one insists on long-term use, careful deliberation is all the more necessary.
All varieties of bamboo and bamboo shoots possess a slightly cold nature; thus, it is understood that their medicinal applications are consistent. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) does not specify the properties of bamboo shoots or bitter bamboo. If extracting bamboo sap to make oil, there is no need to strictly select specific types. Zhang Zhongjing used Danzhu (Light Bamboo) in the Zhuye Tang (Bamboo Leaf Decoction). Bamboo shoots are difficult to digest and do not benefit the Spleen. A neighbor’s child, only two years old, was momentarily unattended, resulting in high fever, coarse and rapid breathing, anorexia, excessive sleepiness, groaning with head tilted back, slight vomiting and regurgitation, and frequent convulsions with eyes closed. This persisted for three to five days. The physician treated it as Slow Convulsion Syndrome (Man Jing Feng). As the treatment was inappropriate, the illness did not resolve. Suddenly, the mother mistakenly administered a medicine containing Radix Euphorbiae Lathyri (Badou, Croton Seed) as a convulsion remedy, processed into five pills the size of sesame seeds, which were force-fed. After some time, the child vomited profusely; an object was lodged in the throat. The wet nurse extracted it with her finger. It was approximately three cun long and as thick as a little finger—it was a dried shoot of arrow bamboo that had been sun-dried on the steps three days prior. That night, all symptoms subsided. The next day, treatment with harmonizing stomach qi formulas led to recovery. Such is the difficulty in digesting bamboo shoots. The Classics state: "To inquire and thereby understand is called Gong" (a skilled physician). Children cannot articulate inquiries, making them difficult to treat; physicians must be cautious.
Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Zhike (Ripe Bitter Orange) are from the same source. When small, its nature is fierce and rapid; when large, its nature is mild and slow. Therefore, when Zhang Zhongjing treated acute conditions of Cold Damage (Shanghan), he used Zhishi in Chengqi Tang (Harmonizing the Stomach Decoction); this was his intent. Both are employed for their ability to promote unblocking and purgation, and to break up solid accumulations. In other formulas, if the aim is merely to guide out stale, stagnant Qi and allow for long-term use, Zhike is used; this is the reasoning.
It is very dissimilar to Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit). Shanzhuyu (Cornus Officinalis Fruit) is red and the size of Goji berries. Wuzhuyu resembles Sichuan Pepper (Chuanjiao); when newly formed, its size is no larger than pepper, and its color is distinctly green. Although they share similar names, their therapeutic actions differ. It remains unclear why they were named so similarly originally. However, Shanzhuyu tonifies and nourishes the Kidneys, with no contraindications. The Classics and their annotations have already described this comprehensively.
This substance must be soaked in deep water multiple times (six or seven times) to remove its bitter and acrid juices before it can be used. Neither the current text nor the annotations nor the processing methods mentioned therein address this, representing an omission. This herb descends Qi most rapidly; those with deficient intestines will suffer worsened conditions upon taking it.