零陵香至枯干犹香，入药绝可用。妇人浸油饰发，香无以加，此即蕙草是也。
天麻用根，须别药相佐使，然后见其功，仍须加而用之。人或蜜渍为果，或蒸煮食。
用天麻者，深思之则得矣。苗则赤箭也。
荜茇走肠胃中冷气，呕吐，心腹满痛。多服走泄真气，令人肠虚下重。
紫黑色，四棱高，瓣深。今经中谓之棱瓣深，似令人难解。秋末冬初，人将入鼎、
澧。其仁味如椰子肉。经不言用仁，为复用皮。今按文味甘即是用肉，然难得仁，盖绝小。
今医家或兼用壳。
利州路甚多。叶冬亦不凋，然不似冬青。盖柔而不光洁，不深绿，花细碎，数十
房成一朵，冬生春开。此木也，今居草部，恐未尽善。
大黄损益，前书已具。仲景治心气不足、吐血、衄血。泻心汤用大黄、黄芩、黄连。
或曰∶心气既不足矣，而不用补心汤，更用泻心汤，何也？答曰∶若心气独不足，则不
当须
吐衄也。此乃邪热，因不足而客之，故吐衄。以苦泄其热，就以苦补其心，盖两全之。有是
证者，用之无不效。量虚实用药。
治肺热，气奔促，嗽逆，肺痈，排脓。陶隐居云∶俗方用此，乃名荠 。今别有荠
，所谓乱人参者便是，非此桔梗也。《唐本》注云∶“陶引荠 乱人参，谬矣。”今详之，
非也。隐居所言，其意只以根言之，所以言乱人参。《唐本》注却以苗难之，乃本注误矣。
零陵香即使干枯后仍然香气浓郁，入药效果极佳。妇女将其浸泡在油中用于装饰头发，其香味无以复加，这种植物就是蕙草。
天麻使用其根部，必须配合其他药物作为辅助或引导，才能显现疗效，并且需要增加用量来使用。有人将天麻用蜜渍制成果脯，或者蒸煮后食用。使用天麻的人，深入思考就能明白其中的道理。天麻的苗就是赤箭。
荜茇能驱散肠胃中的冷气，治疗呕吐、心腹胀满疼痛。但服用过多会耗散真气，导致肠道空虚、肛门下坠感。
（紫草）呈紫黑色，有四条高起的棱，花瓣深裂。现在的经文中称为“棱瓣深”，这似乎让人难以理解。秋末冬初时，人们准备进入鼎州、澧州地区。（采集）。它的仁味道像椰子肉。经文没有说明使用仁，而是说要用皮。现在根据文字分析，“味甘”就是指使用果肉，然而很难得到仁，因为它非常小。现在的医家有时连同壳一起使用。
利州路产量很多。叶子即使在冬天也不凋落，但不像冬青树那样。它的质地柔软且不光洁，颜色不是深绿色，花朵细碎，数十个小花房组成一朵花，冬季生长春季开花。这是一种木本植物，现在被归类在草部，恐怕不够完善。
大黄的功效与禁忌，前书已经详细记载。张仲景用它治疗心气不足引起的吐血、鼻衄。泻心汤中使用大黄、黄芩、黄连。有人说：既然心气已经不足，为什么不用补心汤，反而用泻心汤呢？回答说：如果仅仅是心气不足，就不应该出现吐衄的症状。这是因为邪热乘虚而入客居于心，从而导致吐衄。用苦味药泄去热邪，同时以苦味药补益心气，这是两全其美的办法。有这些症状的患者，使用此方无不有效。需根据虚实情况斟酌用药量。
用于治疗肺热、气息急促、咳嗽气逆、肺痈排脓。陶隐居说：民间方剂中使用这种药，名叫荠苨。现在另有荠苨，所谓混淆人参的就是那种，并非这种桔梗。《唐本草》注解说：“陶弘景引用荠苨混淆人参，是错误的。”现在仔细考证，认为《唐本草》的说法不对。陶隐居所说的意思仅指根部而言，所以说它混淆人参。《唐本草》的注解却从苗的角度进行反驳，那是原本的注解有误了。
Lingxiang (Lysimachia foenum-graecum) retains its fragrance even when completely dried and is highly effective in medicinal preparations. Women soak it in oil for hair decoration, producing an unmatched scent; this plant is indeed the Hui grass (Hui Cao).
Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) utilizes the rhizome. It requires assistance from other herbs as adjuvants or guides to manifest its efficacy, and dosage should be increased. Some people preserve it in honey as a confection or steam/boil it for consumption. Those who use Tianma will understand its principles through deep contemplation. The sprout of Tianma is called Chijian (Arisaema cum Bractea).
Bibo (Piperis Longi Fructus) disperses cold qi in the intestines and stomach, treating vomiting and abdominal fullness with pain. However, excessive intake depletes true qi, causing intestinal emptiness and a sensation of heaviness and bearing down at the anus.
(Purple color), dark black, with four prominent ridges and deeply lobed petals. The current texts refer to this as "prominent ridges and deep lobes," which seems difficult to comprehend. At the end of autumn and beginning of winter, people prepare to enter Dingzhou and Lizhou regions. Its kernel tastes like coconut flesh. The classic does not specify using the kernel but mentions using the peel. Upon analysis, "sweet taste" implies using the fleshy part; however, kernels are hard to obtain as they are extremely small. Current physicians sometimes use the shell along with it.
It is abundant in Lizhou Lu (Administrative Region). The leaves do not wither in winter, yet they differ from Ilex chinensis (Dongqing). The texture is soft and not glossy, the color is not deep green, flowers are fine and fragmented, with dozens of locules forming one flower head; it grows in winter and blooms in spring. This is a woody plant, yet it is currently classified in the Herb section, which may be imperfect.
The benefits and drawbacks of Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) have been detailed in previous texts. Zhang Zhongjing used it to treat heart qi deficiency manifesting as hematemesis and epistaxis. Xiexin Tang (Drain the Heart Decoction) employs Dahuang, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma). One might ask: Since heart qi is deficient, why use Xiexin Tang instead of a formula to tonify the heart? The answer is: If there were merely heart qi deficiency, hematemesis and epistaxis would not occur. This condition arises because pathogenic heat takes residence due to the deficiency, leading to bleeding. Bitter herbs drain the heat, and simultaneously, the bitter flavor tonifies the heart, achieving a dual benefit. For patients presenting these symptoms, this prescription is invariably effective. Dosage must be adjusted according to the patient's deficiency or excess status.
It treats lung heat, rapid breathing, cough with rebellious qi, lung abscess, and pus discharge. Tao Hongjing stated: In folk prescriptions, this herb is named Jini (Adenophorae Radix). There is another herb also called Jini, known as the one that confuses Ginseng, which is not this Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix). The annotation in Bencao Tujing (Newly Revised Materia Medica) states: "Tao Hongjing citing Jini to confuse Ginseng is erroneous." Upon careful examination, this view is incorrect. Tao Hongjing's intent referred only to the root, hence saying it confuses Ginseng. The Bencao Tujing annotation refutes this based on the sprout, indicating an error in the original annotation.