陶隐居云∶“ 即是鸭”，然有家鸭，有野鸭。陈藏器《本草》曰∶“尸子云
，野鸭为凫，家鸭为 。”《蜀本》注云∶“《尔雅》云，野凫， ，注云，鸭也。”如此
则凫、 皆是鸭也。又云《本经》用 肺，即家鸭也。如此所说各不同，其义不定。又按唐
王勃《滕王阁记》云“落霞与孤 齐飞”，则明知 为野鸭也。勃，唐之名儒，必有所据，
故知 为野鸭明矣。
人多不食者，谓其知阴阳之升降，分长少之行序。世或谓之天厌，亦道家之一说尔。
食之则治诸风。《唐本》注曰∶“雁为阳鸟”。其义未尽，兹盖得中和之气，热则即北，寒
则即南，以就和气。所以为礼币者，一以取其信，二取其和。
鹧鸪，郑谷所谓相呼相应湘天阔者，南方专充庖。然治瘴及茵毒甚效。余悉如《经》
。
其飞若矢，一往而堕，故今人取其尾置船车上，意欲如此快速也。汉吕太后名雉，高祖
字之曰“野鸡”。其实即鸡属也。食之，所损多，所益少。
鹰屎白，兼他药用之，作溃虚积药，治小儿奶癖黄，鹰粪白一钱，密陀僧一两，舶
上硫黄一分，丁香二十一个，上为末，每服一字，三岁以上半钱。用乳汁或白面汤调下，并
不转泻。一复时取下青黑物后，服补药。醋石榴皮半两、炙黑色，伊芳祁一分，木香一分，麝
香半钱，同为末。每服一字，温薄酒调下，并吃二服。凡小儿胁下硬如有物，乃是癖气，俗
谓之奶脾。只服温脾化积气丸子药，不可取转，无不愈也。取之多失。
陶弘景说：“[鸀]就是鸭”，然而有家鸭，也有野鸭。陈藏器在《本草》中说：“《尸子》记载，[鸀]是野鸭，家鸭称为[鹜]。”《蜀本》的注释说：“《尔雅》记载，野凫即[鸀]，注释说是鸭。”如此看来，[鸀]和[鹜]都是鸭。又说《神农本草经》中使用的[鸀]肺，指的是家鸭。像这样说法各不相同，其中的含义并不确定。又查考唐代王勃的《滕王阁序》中说“落霞与孤[鸀]齐飞”，那么明确知道[鸀]是野鸭。王勃是唐代的著名儒士，必定有所依据，所以知道[鸀]是野鸭是明确的。
人们大多不吃它，是因为认为它知晓阴阳的升降，区分长幼的行进次序。世人有时称它为“天厌”（被上天厌恶），这也是道家的一种说法罢了。食用它可以治疗各种风疾。《新修本草》注释说：“雁是阳鸟”。这种解释还不够全面，这大概是因为它获得了中和之气，热了就飞往北方，寒冷了就飞往南方，以调和气息。所以把它作为礼仪聘礼的原因，一是取它的守信，二是取它的温和。
鹧鸪，就是郑谷诗中所谓“相呼相应湘天阔”的那种鸟，在南方专门供厨房使用。然而治疗瘴气和茵毒非常有效。其余功效都如同《神农本草经》所述。
鹰飞翔时像箭一样，一往无前地坠落，所以现在的人把它的尾巴放在船车上，意图希望像它那样快速。汉吕后名叫雉，高祖称呼它为“野鸡”。其实它就属于鸡类。食用它，损害多，益处少。
鹰屎白，配合其他药物使用，制作消除虚积的药物，治疗小儿奶癖黄症。鹰粪白一钱，密陀僧一两，舶上硫黄一分，丁香二十一个，以上研为细末，每次服用一字，三岁以上儿童服用半钱。用乳汁或白面汤调服，并不会引起腹泻。过了一顿饭的时间后排出青黑色的物质，之后服用补药。醋石榴皮半两、炙至黑色，伊芳祁一分，木香一分，麝香半钱，共同研为细末。每次服用一字，用温薄的酒调服，共服用两次。凡是小儿胁下坚硬如有物块，这就是癖气，俗称奶脾。只服用温脾化积气丸子药，不可强行攻下，没有不痊愈的。强行攻下会多有失误。
Tao Hongjing stated: "[Zhu] is a duck," yet there are domestic ducks and wild ducks. Chen Cangqi in *Bencao* said: "The *Shizi* records that [Zhu] is a wild duck, while domestic ducks are called [Wu]." The annotation of the *Shu Ben* states: "The *Erya* records that the wild fowl [Zhu], annotated as 'duck.'" Thus, both [Zhu] and [Wu] refer to ducks. It is also stated that the [Zhu] lung used in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* refers to the domestic duck. As such, these descriptions vary, and their meanings are not fixed. Furthermore, examining Wang Bo's *Tengwang Ge Xu* from the Tang Dynasty, which says "Falling clouds fly together with a lone [Zhu]," it is clear that [Zhu] refers to a wild duck. Wang Bo was a renowned Confucian scholar of the Tang Dynasty and must have had his sources; therefore, it is certain that [Zhu] is a wild duck.
Most people do not eat it, believing that it understands the rising and falling of Yin and Yang and distinguishes the order of seniority and juniority in its flight. The world sometimes calls it "Heaven's Abomination" (Tian Yan), which is merely one theory of the Daoists. Consuming it can treat various wind disorders. The annotation of the *Xinxiu Bencao* states: "Geese are Yang birds." This explanation is incomplete; this is because they obtain the Qi of Harmony and Balance, moving north when hot and south when cold to harmonize their internal energy. Therefore, they are used as ritual gifts for two reasons: first, to take advantage of their trustworthiness, and second, to take advantage of their gentleness.
The partridge (Zhegu) is the bird referred to by Zheng Gu in poetry as "calling each other in response across the vast Xiang sky," and it is exclusively used for culinary purposes in the South. However, it is very effective in treating miasma and yin toxicity. All other effects are as described in the *Jing* (Shennong Bencao Jing).
Its flight is like an arrow, plunging forward in one go, so nowadays people place its tail on boats and carts, intending to achieve such speed. Empress Dowager Lü of Han was named Zhi, and Emperor Gaozu referred to it as "wild chicken." In reality, it belongs to the chicken family. Consuming it causes more harm than good.
Ying Shi Bai (White Eagle Droppings), when combined with other medicinal materials, is used to prepare medicines for resolving deficiency accumulations, treating pediatric milk accumulation with jaundice (Nai Pi Huang). One qian of white eagle droppings, one liang of Ledou Meng (Litharge), one fen of Boshang Liuhuang (Cinnabar from overseas), and twenty-one Dingxiang (Cloves) are ground into powder. Each dose consists of one zi, or half a qian for children over three years old. Take with milk or white flour soup; it will not cause diarrhea. After one meal time, green-black substances are discharged, followed by the administration of tonic medicines. Half a liang of Cu Shiliu Pi (Vinegar-treated Pomegranate Peel), roasted until black, one fen of Yifangqi (likely a typo for Yi Zhi Ren or similar, kept as transliteration here due to ambiguity), one fen of Muxiang (Costus Root), and half a qian of Shexiang (Musk) are ground together into powder. Each dose is one zi, taken with warm thin wine, administered twice in total. Whenever there is hardness under the hypochondrium of children, feeling like a mass, this is Pi Qi (accumulation qi), commonly known as Nai Pi (milk spleen). Only administer Wen Pi Hua Ji Qi Wan Zi (Warm Spleen Resolve Accumulation Qi Pills); do not forcibly purge, and there will be no cure that fails. Forcible purging leads to many errors.