生交广南番。木类桂。凌冬不凋。其子出枝蕊上如钉。长三四分。紫色。其中有粗大
如山萸者。俗呼母丁香。二八月采。一云盛冬生花。至次年春采子。雄为丁香。雌为鸡舌。
辛温纯阳。气浓味薄。入手太阴足阳明少阴经。畏郁金。主温脾胃。去胃寒。益元气。
治朝
不发
脾之
得之
更加
半夏。治呕吐因于寒。或寒月饱食伤胃。
芽。治小儿伤生冷腹痛。小儿虚寒吐泻。
异功散。治痘疮虚寒。又值冬月。寒气薄
姜汁和丸。莲子大。噙咽之。鼻中息肉。丁
一两。麝香一分。为末。日揩。有患血风疙
石膏（上）甘草（中）升麻（上中）葛根（上中）射干
〔论〕 丁香以辛味能发香之臭。即就香气转致辛之用。故于脾胃冷气诸证。治有殊功。
夫
阏
血。
极辛
〔辨治〕 雄者煎膏中用之去丁。盖乳子免发背痈。雌者颗大如枣核。力大。不可见火。
丁皮
即树皮也。似桂皮而浓。气味同香。治齿痛心腹冷气诸病。方家用代丁香。
本出外国。今岭南诸地亦有之。皮实而色黄者黄檀。皮洁而色白为白檀。皮腐而
紫檀。并坚重清香。白檀尤良。
白旃檀
气味辛温。入手太阴足少阴。通行阳明经。散冷气。引胃气上升。治噎膈吐食。调
胸膈之上。处咽嗌之间。止霍乱心腹痛。涂肾气痛。（水磨涂外肾。并腰肾痛处。）并消
肿毒。亦能补脾胃。理元气。（海藏）引芳香之物。上至极高之分。（最宜橙橘之属）辅以
根缩砂益智豆蔻。佐以姜枣。通行阳明经。
〔论〕 洁古以白檀引胃气。进饮食。而濒湖治噎膈吐食。是能升者。又能降也。东垣
言白
也。
而
阳
〔修事〕 用过。宜以纸封收。不令泄气。
丁香：生长于交州、广州及南洋诸国。属于桂树类木材，冬季不落叶。其果实生长在枝条的花蕊上，形状像钉子，长三四分，呈紫色。果实内部有粗大如山茱萸的核，俗称“母丁香”。通常在农历二月和八月采收。另一种说法是深冬开花，次年春季采收果实。雄性的称为丁香，雌性的称为鸡舌香。
丁香性味辛温，属纯阳之品，气味浓厚而味道较薄。归入手太阴肺经、足阳明胃经和足少阴肾经。忌与郁金同用。主要功效为温暖脾胃，祛除胃中寒气，补益元气。治疗因寒邪导致的呕吐，或在寒冷月份饱食损伤胃气引起的呕吐，可配合半夏使用。治疗小儿因食用生冷食物引起的腹痛，以及小儿虚寒性吐泻，可配合生姜芽使用。治疗痘疮因虚寒所致，且正值冬季寒气侵袭的情况，可使用异功散。若将丁香与姜汁混合制成丸剂，大小如莲子，含服咽下，可治疗鼻中息肉。对于患有血风疙瘩的患者，可用丁香一两、麝香一分，研成细末，每日擦拭患处。（注：原文此处夹杂了石膏、甘草、升麻、葛根、射干等药名，似为排版错乱或附录内容，暂按原文列出但不作为丁香主治直接关联，除非特定方剂语境）。
【论述】丁香凭借辛味能发散香气，即通过香气转化为辛散的作用，因此对脾胃冷气引起的各种病症，具有特殊的疗效。
【辨治】雄性丁香在煎煮膏药时需去除其尖刺部分（丁），因为哺乳期妇女使用发背痈疽类药物时需注意避免引发此病。雌性丁香颗粒较大，如枣核，药力较强，不可用火炙烤。
丁香皮：即树皮，类似桂皮但更厚，气味与檀香相似，可治疗牙痛、心腹冷气等各种疾病。医家常用其代替丁香入方。
檀香：原产于外国，如今岭南各地也有种植。树皮厚实且颜色黄的称为黄檀；树皮洁净且颜色白的称为白檀；树皮腐朽且颜色紫红的称为紫檀。这些木材都坚硬沉重且清香，其中白檀品质尤佳。
白旃檀（白檀）：气味辛温，归入手太阴肺经、足少阴肾经，通行足阳明胃经。能疏散冷气，引导胃气上升，治疗噎膈（吞咽困难）和呕吐。作用于胸膈之上，咽喉之间，可止霍乱引起的心腹疼痛，涂抹于外生殖器及腰肾疼痛处可消肿毒（用水磨涂外肾及腰肾痛处）。也能补益脾胃，调理元气。（李东垣/海藏观点）引导芳香药物上行至极高之处（最适合搭配橙橘类药材）。辅以根部的缩砂仁、益智仁、豆蔻，佐以生姜和大枣，以通行阳明经。
【论述】张洁古认为白檀能引导胃气，促进饮食摄入；李濒湖用于治疗噎膈呕吐，说明白檀既能升提又能降逆。李东垣也有关于白檀的论述……（原文此处有缺漏或断句不清，仅翻译可见部分）。
【炮制】使用后，应用纸密封收藏，以防香气泄漏。
Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos): Grows in Jiaozhou, Guangzhou, and various foreign lands. It belongs to the Cinnamomum (Guizhi) woody plant category, remaining evergreen through winter. Its fruits grow on the branch buds like nails, measuring three to four fen in length, with a purple color. Inside, there is a core as large as Cornus officinalis (Shanyuzi), commonly referred to as "Mother Dingxiang." Harvested in the second and eighth lunar months. Another account states it flowers in deep winter and fruits are harvested the following spring. The male variety is called Dingxiang, while the female is called Jishe (Chicken Tongue).
Dingxiang is acrid and warm, belonging to pure Yang. Its aroma is strong, but its taste is light. It enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. It is incompatible with Yujin (Curcuma aromatica). Its primary functions are to warm the Spleen and Stomach, dispel Cold in the Stomach, and benefit Yuan Qi. It treats vomiting caused by Cold, or stomach injury from overeating during cold months; Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) may be added. It treats abdominal pain in children due to consuming raw/cold foods, and deficiency-Cold vomiting and diarrhea in children; Shengjiangya (Ginger Bud) may be added. For impetigo (Douchuang) caused by deficiency-Cold, especially when exposed to Winter Cold, Yigong San (Extraordinary Power Powder) is used. If mixed with Ginger Juice (Jiangzhi) into pills the size of Lotus Seeds (Lianzi) and sucked/swallowed, it treats nasal polyps. For patients with blood-wind wheals, one liang of Dingxiang and one fen of Muxiang (Moschus) are ground into powder and applied daily to the affected area. (Note: The original text lists Shi Gao, Gancao, Shengma, Gegen, Shegan here, likely due to textual corruption or appendix insertion; they are listed as per source but not directly linked to Dingxiang's primary action in this context).
[Discussion] Dingxiang utilizes its acrid flavor to diffuse fragrance, transforming aromatic properties into acrid dispersing actions. Thus, it has special efficacy for various conditions caused by Cold Qi in the Spleen and Stomach.
[Differentiation and Treatment] The male variety is used in decocting plasters after removing the "nail" tip. Breastfeeding mothers should avoid using herbs that cause back carbuncles (Beibei Yong). The female variety is larger, like a date pit, with stronger potency, and must not be exposed to fire.
Dingpi (Dingxiang Bark): This is the tree bark, similar to Guipi (Cinnamon Bark) but thicker, with an aroma similar to Tanxiang. It treats toothache and various diseases involving Cold Qi in the heart and abdomen. Physicians often use it as a substitute for Dingxiang.
Tanxiang (Sandalwood): Originally from foreign lands, now also cultivated in Lingnan regions. Wood with thick, yellow bark is Huangtan (Yellow Sandalwood); wood with clean, white bark is Baitan (White Sandalwood); wood with decaying, purple-red bark is Zitan (Purple Sandalwood). All are hard, heavy, and fragrant, with Baitan being superior.
Bai Zhentan (White Sandalwood): Acrid and warm in nature. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, and circulates through the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It disperses Cold Qi, guides Stomach Qi upward, and treats dysphagia (Yege) and vomiting. Acting above the chest/diaphragm and between the throat, it stops abdominal pain caused by Huoluan (Cholera-like disorder) and reduces swelling/toxins when applied externally to the external genitalia and lower back/kidney areas (grind with water and apply externally). It also tonifies the Spleen and Stomach and regulates Yuan Qi. (Haicang/Li Dongyuan view): It guides aromatic substances to the highest levels (best paired with Citrus species). Assisted by Suansha Ren (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), Yizhi Ren (Alpiniae Oxymataria Fructus), and Doukou (Cardamomi Fructus), assisted by Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), to circulate through the Yangming Meridian.
[Discussion] Jiegu (Zhang Congzheng) believed Bai Tan guides Stomach Qi to promote food intake. Binhu (Li Shizhen) treated dysphagia and vomiting, demonstrating that Bai Tan can both ascend and descend. Dongyuan (Li Dongyuan) also discussed Bai Tan... [Text incomplete].
[Processing] After use, it should be sealed in paper to prevent the loss of aroma.