女贞叶与冬青叶。俱浓而长。绿色。面青背淡。但以叶长而子黑者。为女贞。叶微圆而
子赤者。为冬青。
味微苦。气平。 主治除风散血。消肿定痛。治头目昏痛。诸恶疮肿。 疮溃烂久者。
以水煮叶。乘热贴之。频频换易。米醋煮亦可。 口舌生疮。或舌肿胀痛。取叶捣汁。含浸
吐涎。神效。 按此叶禀至阴而归血海。能令阴气上致天表。奏和阳之功。 风热赤眼。冬
青叶五斗捣汁。浸新砖数片。五日。掘坑架砖于内。盖之。日久生霜。刮下。入片脑少许点
之。 又方。用雅州黄连二两。冬青叶四两。水浸三日夜。熬成膏。收点眼。
北方沙地者木类。南方坚地者草类。生江淮者根类。地骨皮最良。轻脆芬香。苗茎
有刺类蔷薇。长者丈余。叶五出。香气如橄榄。春时结实。如豆粒而扁。青色。得霜紫黑。
俗名追风。使以渍酒疗风。不知其为真五加皮也。用根皮同茎。
味辛苦。气温。气味俱浓。沉而阴也。入足少阴厥阴经。 远志为之使。恶元参蛇皮。
同人参用。则无力。（然种子方有同用者） 主治腰膝疼痹。疗痿 五缓虚羸。（湿气浸淫留
中。则筋脉缓纵。虚羸气乏。）风痹四肢挛急。破逐恶风血。及多年瘀血在皮肌。治痹湿内
不足。补中益气。坚筋骨。强志意。并治男子阴痿。囊下湿。小便余沥。又主疽疮阴蚀。 五
加皮得天少阳之气。为五车星之精。又得地火金之气。故气味辛温。所主诸证。皆因风寒湿
邪。伤于肝肾二经。而湿气为最。经云。伤于湿者。下先受之。又云。地之湿气感则害人皮
肉筋脉。肝肾居下而主筋骨。故风寒湿之邪。多自二经先受。此药辛能散风。温能除寒。苦
能燥湿。二脏得其气。诸证悉瘳。（仲淳） 轻身（风湿去也）耐老。（肝肾补也）世为仙经
所须。（又） 风病饮酒。能生痰火。惟五加一味浸之。日饮数杯。最有益。诸浸酒药。惟
五加与酒相合味美。（王纶） 得牛膝木瓜黄柏生地麦冬薏仁石斛虎胫骨山药。治湿热痿痹。
腰以下不能行动。 同二术二活防风萆 薏仁石菖蒲白蒺藜甘菊白藓皮石斛。治风寒湿成痹。
一味酿酒饮之。治风痹四肢拘挛。 同续断杜仲牛膝山萸巴戟故纸。治肾虚寒湿客之腰痛。
同苍术黄柏黄 连翘石菖蒲薏仁银花鳖虱胡麻木瓜土茯苓。治下部湿疮不愈。兼治脓窠
疮如神。 同黄柏菖蒲蛇床子为末。敷囊湿神效。如作汤沐。加荆芥苦参防风。 虚劳不足
。五加皮枸杞根白皮。各一斗。水一石五斗。煮汁七斗。分取四斗。浸曲一斗。以三斗拌饭
。如常酿酒法。待熟任饮。 妇人血风劳。憔悴困倦。喘满虚烦。吸吸少气。发热多汗。口
干舌涩。不思饮食。服油煎散。五加皮丹皮赤芍当归各一两。为末。每一钱。水一盏。取青
钱一文蘸油入药。煎七分温服。常服。 男妇香港脚。骨节皮肤肿湿疼痛。五加皮远志肉各四
两。酒浸。春秋三日。夏二日。冬四日。晒干为末。即以浸酒为糊丸。梧子大。每服四五十
丸。空心。温酒下。药酒坏。别用酒为糊。按远志为五加皮之使。其为肾剂益明。
〔论〕 五加皮治风湿痿痹。（本经言 。别录言两脚痹疼风弱。权言软脚。皆痿也。
痹者。即甄氏所言恶风血。瘀血。痹湿内不足也。）夫湿伤肾。肾不能养肝。肝自生风。遂
成风湿。其本病于痹湿内不足。而血脉凝滞。其标见于筋伤。不能束骨。而为风弱软脚。然
则五加乃疗湿之化风。非疗风病。经曰。风从阳受之。湿从阴受之。其本固区以别矣。此味
初辛次苦。苦胜于辛。辛居先而即随苦以直下。故入肝散风。入肾燥湿。而皆以气之温者和
之。人惟肾肝气虚。故病于湿。湿者阴之淫气也。阴淫则阳不化而为风。风者阳之淫气也。
阳淫则阴愈不化而病于湿。至更病于湿。则阴锢阳。阳蚀阴。而成湿热。如疽疮阴蚀。及骨
节挛急是也。夫既曰缓弱。又曰挛急者。因湿郁为热。热伤血而不能养筋。故为挛急也。五
加皮以辛苦温。散其阳实之淫气。即行其窒滞不化之阴气。是治风也。实由湿而治之。祛风
本于宣湿。逐湿又即以清热。所以热痹（如防风丸）冷痹（如巴戟天汤）皆用之。别录言其
益气坚筋骨强志意者。固以元阳得畅。真阴能化。而生化之源不竭也。岂得与他味之宣风除
湿者例论乎哉。或曰。此味所疗者湿化风。宜曰湿风。乃曰风湿。何也。夫肝司风木。而藏
血。而主筋。而主经络。透关节者也。今一切所见之证。皆见于风木。故以风冠湿而言风。
又即不能离湿也。若但以为驱风之味。则梦梦矣。
下部无风寒湿邪而有火者。不宜用。肝肾虚而有火者。亦忌。（仲淳）
〔辨治〕 北地生者。微黑而硬。南土者。微白而软。大类桑白皮。用南五加皮。 剥
去骨。阴干酒洗。通行周身。或用姜汁制。
女贞叶与冬青叶，叶片都浓密且长，呈绿色，正面青色背面颜色较淡。只是以叶片较长、果实黑色的为女贞；叶片微圆、果实红色的为冬青。
（冬青叶）味道微苦，气平。主要功效是祛除风邪、散瘀血，消除肿胀、定痛。治疗头目昏痛，各种恶疮肿毒。疮口溃烂时间久的，用水煮叶片，趁热贴敷患处，频繁更换。用米醋煮也可以。口舌生疮，或者舌头肿胀疼痛，取叶片捣汁，含在口中浸渍并吐出涎液，效果神奇。
按语：此叶禀受至阴之气而归于血海，能使阴气上达体表，起到调和阳气的功效。风热引起的红眼病，用冬青叶五斗捣汁，浸泡新砖数片，放置五日，挖坑将砖架在坑内，盖上盖子。日久生出白霜，刮下白霜，加入少许冰片点眼。又一方，用雅州黄连二两，冬青叶四两，用水浸泡三日夜，熬成膏状，收藏起来点眼。
生长在北方沙地的五加皮属于木类，生长在南方坚硬土地上的属于草类，生长在江淮地区的属于根类，其中地骨皮（此处指优质五加皮）最好，质地轻脆芬香。苗茎有刺，类似蔷薇，长的有一丈多。叶子五片一组，香气像橄榄。春天结果实，像豆粒一样扁平，青色，经霜后变成紫黑色。俗名叫“追风”，人们用它泡酒治疗风疾，却不知道它是真正的五加皮。使用时连根皮和茎一起使用。
味道辛苦，气温，气味都很浓厚，性质沉降属阴。入足少阴肾经和足厥阴肝经。远志作为引经药。害怕元参和蛇皮。与人参同用时，则药效减弱。（然而种子方中有同用的情况）。主治腰膝疼痛痹症，治疗痿证、五缓、身体虚弱消瘦。（湿气浸淫停留体内，会导致筋脉松弛纵缓，身体虚弱气力不足。）风痹导致四肢拘挛紧急，破除驱逐恶风之血，以及多年瘀血停留在皮肤肌肉间。治疗痹湿内虚不足，补中益气，坚固筋骨，增强意志。并治疗男子阳痿，阴囊潮湿，小便淋漓不尽。又主治疽疮、阴部蚀烂。
五加皮得天之少阳之气，为五车星之精粹，又得地之火金之气，所以气味辛温。所主治的各种病症，都是因为风寒湿邪伤害了肝肾二经，其中以湿气最为严重。《内经》说：伤于湿邪的，下部先受邪。又说：地上的湿气感邪会伤害人的皮肤、肌肉、筋脉。肝肾居于下部而主管筋骨，所以风寒湿邪多从这两条经络先受侵害。此药辛能疏散风邪，温能驱除寒邪，苦能燥湿。肝肾得到这种气机，各种病症都能痊愈。（仲淳注）使身体轻便（因为风湿去除了），耐老（因为肝肾得到了补益）。这是道家仙经中所必需的。（又注）患风病饮酒，容易产生痰火，只有用五加皮一味药浸泡酒，每天喝几杯，最有益处。各种泡酒的药材中，只有五加皮与酒相合味道最美。（王纶注）
配合牛膝、木瓜、黄柏、生地、麦冬、薏仁、石斛、虎胫骨、山药，治疗湿热导致的痿痹，腰部以下不能行动。
配合苍术、白术、羌活、独活、防风、萆薢、薏仁、石菖蒲、白蒺藜、甘菊、白鲜皮、石斛，治疗风寒湿邪导致的痹症。
单味药酿酒饮用，治疗风痹导致的四肢拘挛。
配合续断、杜仲、牛膝、山茱萸、巴戟天、故纸（补骨脂），治疗肾虚寒湿侵袭导致的腰痛。
配合苍术、黄柏、黄连、连翘、石菖蒲、薏仁、银花、鳖虱胡麻木瓜、土茯苓，治疗下部湿疮久治不愈，兼治脓窠疮如神效。
配合黄柏、菖蒲、蛇床子研成末，外敷阴囊潮湿，效果神奇。如果做汤剂洗浴，加入荆芥、苦参、防风。
虚劳不足，用五加皮、枸杞根白皮各一斗，水一石五斗，煮取汁七斗，分次取四斗，浸泡酒曲一斗，用三斗拌饭。按照通常酿酒的方法，待酿熟后随意饮用。
妇人血风劳，憔悴困倦，喘满虚烦，呼吸短气，发热多汗，口干舌涩，不思饮食，服用油煎散。配方：五加皮、丹皮、赤芍、当归各一两，研成末。每次服一钱，用水一盏，取一枚铜钱蘸油放入药中，煎至七分，温服。常服。
男女香港脚（脚气病），骨节皮肤肿胀湿痛。五加皮、远志肉各四两，用酒浸泡，春秋三日，夏季二日，冬季四日，晒干研成末。就用浸泡过的酒做成糊丸，梧桐子大小。每次服四五十丸，空腹，温酒送下。如果药酒坏了，另用酒做糊。按语：远志是五加皮的引经药，这更证明了它是补肾的药剂。
〔论〕 五加皮治疗风湿痿痹。（《本经》说，《别录》说两脚痹疼风弱，权说软脚，这些都是痿证。痹症，就是甄氏所说的恶风血、瘀血、痹湿内不足。）湿气损伤肾脏，肾不能滋养肝脏，肝自然生风，于是形成风湿。其根本病因在于痹湿内虚不足，血脉凝滞；其标象表现在筋受伤，不能约束骨骼，从而表现为风弱、软脚。那么五加皮是治疗由湿转化而来的风，而不是治疗风病本身。《内经》说：风从阳经受邪，湿从阴经受邪。它们的本源本来就有区别。这种药初尝辛味随后苦味，苦味胜于辛味，辛味居先随即随苦味直下，所以入肝疏散风邪，入肾燥湿，并且都以温性来调和。人之所以肾肝气虚，才会被湿邪所病。湿是阴的淫溢之气。阴气淫溢则阳气不能化生而为风。风是阳的淫溢之气。阳气淫溢则阴气更加不能化生而病于湿。到了再次病于湿的时候，就会阴固结阳气，阳气侵蚀阴气，从而形成湿热，如疽疮、阴部蚀烂，以及骨节拘挛紧急等。既然说是缓弱，又说是拘急，是因为湿气郁结化为热，热伤血而不能养筋，所以出现拘急。五加皮用辛、苦、温的性质，疏散阳实的淫溢之气，即运行那些窒滞不化的阴气，这就是在治疗风病。实际上是由湿而进行治疗。祛风根本在于宣通湿气，驱逐湿气又进而清热，所以热痹（如防风丸）、冷痹（如巴戟天汤）都用它。《别录》说它能益气、坚固筋骨、增强意志，确实是因为元阳得以通畅，真阴能够化生，而生化的源泉不会枯竭。怎么能与其他宣风除湿的药物同等看待呢？有人说：此药所治疗的是湿化之风，应该说湿风，为什么说风湿呢？肝主管风木，而藏血，主筋，主经络，透关节。现在一切所见到的病症，都表现在风木方面，所以用“风”字冠在“湿”之前而言风。但又离不开湿。如果仅仅把它当作驱风的药物，那就糊涂了。
下部没有风寒湿邪而有火者，不宜使用。肝肾虚而有火者，也忌用。（仲淳注）
〔辨治〕 北方生长的五加皮，颜色微黑而硬。南方土壤生长的，颜色微白而软。大类桑白皮。使用南五加皮。剥去骨皮，阴干后用酒洗，可通行周身。也可以用姜汁炮制。
Ligustrum lucidum leaves and Ilex chinensis leaves are both dense and long, green in color, with a darker green front and a lighter back. However, those with longer leaves and black fruits are Ligustrum lucidum (Nü Zhen Zi), while those with slightly rounder leaves and red fruits are Ilex chinensis (Dong Qing).
(Ilex chinensis leaf) has a slightly bitter taste and a neutral qi. Its main indications include dispelling wind, dispersing blood stasis, reducing swelling, and relieving pain. It treats dizziness and headache of the head and eyes, various malignant sores and swellings. For chronic ulcerated sores, boil the leaves in water, apply them to the affected area while hot, and change frequently. Boiling with rice vinegar is also effective. For mouth and tongue ulcers, or swollen and painful tongue, crush the leaves to extract juice, hold it in the mouth for immersion, and spit out the saliva; this yields miraculous results.
Note: This leaf inherits extreme yin qi and returns to the Blood Sea (Xue Hai), enabling yin qi to reach the surface, thereby harmonizing yang qi. For red eye caused by wind-heat, take five dou of Ilex chinensis leaves, crush them to extract juice, soak several new bricks in it for five days, dig a pit, place the bricks inside, cover it, and let it sit for a long time until frost forms on the bricks. Scrape off the frost, add a small amount of Borneol (Bing Pian), and apply to the eyes. Another prescription uses two liang of Huanglian from Yazhou and four liang of Ilex chinensis leaves, soak in water for three nights and days, boil into an ointment, store, and apply to the eyes.
Those growing in sandy soil in the north belong to the woody category; those growing in hard soil in the south belong to the herbaceous category; those growing in the Jianghuai region belong to the root category. The best quality is Di Gu Pi (here referring to high-quality Wu Jia Pi), which is light, crisp, and fragrant. The stems have thorns similar to roses, reaching over one zhang in length. The leaves grow in groups of five, with an aroma like olives. They bear fruit in spring, flat like bean seeds, initially green, turning purple-black after frost. Commonly known as "Zhui Feng" (Wind Chaser), people use it soaked in wine to treat wind disorders, unaware that it is true Wu Jia Pi (Acanthopanacis Cortex). Use the root bark together with the stem.
It tastes pungent and bitter, has warm qi, and its aroma and flavor are strong. It is sinking and yin in nature. It enters the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian. Yuan Zhi (Polygalae Radix) acts as its guiding herb. It is incompatible with Xuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix) and She Pi (Snake Skin). When used with Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), its efficacy becomes weak (though some seed prescriptions do combine them). It mainly treats pain and bi-syndrome in the waist and knees, heals flaccidity syndrome (Wei Zheng), the five slacknesses, and emaciation due to deficiency. (When dampness invades and lingers in the interior, tendons and vessels become lax, leading to weakness and lack of qi.) It treats wind-bi causing spasms and tightness in the four limbs, breaks up and expels evil wind-blood, and resolves chronic blood stasis in the skin and muscles. It treats internal insufficiency due to bi-dampness, tonifies the middle and supplements qi, strengthens bones and tendons, and fortifies willpower. It also treats male impotence, dampness under the scrotum, and dribbling urine. Furthermore, it treats carbuncles and erosions of the yin organs.
Wu Jia Pi receives the Shao Yang qi of heaven and is the essence of the Five Chariots star. It also receives the fire and metal qi of earth, hence its pungent and warm nature. All the conditions it treats result from wind-cold-damp pathogens injuring the Liver and Kidney meridians, with dampness being the most severe. The Classics state: "Injury by dampness affects the lower part first." It also states: "Earthly dampness, when contracted, harms the skin, flesh, tendons, and vessels." The Liver and Kidneys reside in the lower part and govern bones and tendons; thus, wind-cold-damp pathogens often enter these two meridians first. This herb's pungency disperses wind, its warmth dispels cold, and its bitterness dries dampness. When the Liver and Kidneys receive this qi, all conditions resolve. (Commentary by Zhong Chun) It lightens the body (by removing wind-damp) and promotes longevity (by tonifying Liver and Kidney). It is required in Daoist elixir texts. (Another note) Drinking alcohol for wind diseases can generate phlegm-fire; only soaking Wu Jia Pi alone in wine and drinking several cups daily is most beneficial. Among all herbs soaked in wine, only Wu Jia Pi combines with wine to produce the best taste. (Commentary by Wang Lun)
Combined with Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Mu Gua (Chaenomelis Fructus), Huang Bai (Phellodendri Cortex), Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Yi Yi Ren (Coicis Semen), Shi Hu (Dendrobii Caulis), Hu Jing Gu (Pantheris Os), and Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), it treats damp-heat wei-bi where movement below the waist is impossible.
Combined with Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Bi Xie (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma), Yi Yi Ren, Shi Chang Pu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Bai Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus), Gao Ju (Chrysanthemi Indici Flos), Bai Xian Pi (Dictamni Cortex), and Shi Hu, it treats bi-syndrome caused by wind-cold-damp.
Soaked alone in wine and drunk, it treats wind-bi causing limb spasms.
Combined with Xu Duan (Dipsaci Radix), Du Zhong (Eucommiae Cortex), Niu Xi, Shan Yu Rou (Corni Fructus), Ba Ji Tian (Morindae Officinalis Radix), and Gu Zhi (Psoraleae Fructus), it treats lumbar pain caused by kidney-deficiency cold-damp invasion.
Combined with Cang Zhu, Huang Bai, Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Shi Chang Pu, Yi Yi Ren, Yin Hua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), Bie Shi Hu Ma Mu Gua, and Tu Fu Ling (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma), it treats persistent lower-body damp sores and is miraculous for treating pustular sores.
Combined with Huang Bai, Shi Chang Pu, and She Chuang Zi (Cnidii Fructus) ground into powder, applied externally for scrotal dampness with miraculous effect. If made into a wash, add Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba), Ku Shen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix), and Fang Feng.
For deficiency exhaustion, use one dou of Wu Jia Pi and one dou of Gou Qi Gen Bai Pi (Lycii Cortex), boil in fifteen dou of water to obtain seven dou of decoction, reserve four dou, soak one dou of yeast starter, mix three dou with rice. Brew according to normal methods, and drink freely once ready.
For women's blood-wind consumption, characterized by emaciation, fatigue, wheezing, fullness, empty irritability, shortness of breath, fever with sweating, dry mouth and tongue, and loss of appetite, take You Jian San. Formula: Wu Jia Pi, Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex), Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), and Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), each one liang, ground into powder. Take one qian per dose, with one cup of water, dip a copper coin in oil and add to the medicine, boil to七分 (70%), and take warm. Regular use is recommended.
For men and women with Hong Zhang Jiao (foot disease/beriberi), presenting with swelling, dampness, pain in joints and skin, take four liang each of Wu Jia Pi and Yuan Zhi Rou (Polygalae Medullae), soak in wine for three days in spring/autumn, two days in summer, four days in winter. Dry and grind into powder. Use the soaking wine to make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 40-50 pills per dose, fasting, with warm wine. If the medicinal wine spoils, use fresh wine to make paste. Note: Yuan Zhi is the guiding herb for Wu Jia Pi, further confirming it as a kidney tonic.
[Discussion] Wu Jia Pi treats wind-damp wei-bi. ("Ben Jing" states, "Bie Lu" mentions bi-pain and wind-weakness in both legs, Quan mentions soft feet; all refer to wei syndrome. Bi syndrome refers to what Zhen Shi described as evil wind-blood, blood stasis, and internal insufficiency of bi-dampness.) Dampness injures the Kidney; if the Kidney cannot nourish the Liver, the Liver generates wind, resulting in wind-damp. The root pathology lies in internal insufficiency of bi-dampness and stagnant blood vessels; the branch manifestation is tendon injury, inability to bind bones, leading to wind-weakness and soft feet. Thus, Wu Jia Pi treats wind transformed from dampness, not wind disease itself. The Classics say: "Wind is received from yang meridians, dampness from yin meridians." Their origins are distinct. This herb tastes pungent first, then bitter, with bitterness surpassing pungency. The pungency leads but follows the bitterness descending directly, entering the Liver to disperse wind and the Kidney to dry dampness, harmonized by its warm nature. People suffer from dampness due to Liver-Kidney qi deficiency. Dampness is the excessive qi of yin. When yin is excessive, yang fails to transform into wind. Wind is the excessive qi of yang. When yang is excessive, yin fails to transform, leading to dampness. Further dampness causes yin to congeal yang and yang to erode yin, forming damp-heat, such as carbuncles, yin erosion, and joint spasms. Although described as weak and lax, it is also described as spasmodic because dampness stagnates into heat, injuring blood and failing to nourish tendons, causing spasms. Wu Jia Pi uses its pungent, bitter, and warm properties to disperse excessive yang-reality qi and move stagnant, untransformed yin qi; this is treating wind. In reality, it treats via dampness. Dispelling wind relies on promoting dampness; expelling dampness involves clearing heat. Therefore, it is used in both heat-bi (e.g., Fang Feng Wan) and cold-bi (e.g., Ba Ji Tian Tang). "Bie Lu" states it supplements qi, strengthens bones and tendons, and fortifies willpower, truly because yuan-yang flows smoothly, zhen-yin transforms, and the source of generation is inexhaustible. How can it be discussed equally with other wind-dispersing and damp-drying herbs? Some ask: Since it treats wind transformed from dampness, why call it "wind-damp" instead of "damp-wind"? The Liver governs wind-wood, stores blood, governs tendons, governs collaterals, and penetrates joints. All observed symptoms manifest in wind-wood, hence "wind" precedes "damp." Yet it cannot be separated from dampness. To regard it merely as a wind-dispelling herb would be ignorant.
It is unsuitable for the lower body without wind-cold-damp pathogens but with fire. It is also contraindicated for Liver-Kidney deficiency with fire. (Commentary by Zhong Chun)
[Differentiation and Treatment] Those grown in the north are slightly black and hard. Those grown in southern soil are slightly white and soft, resembling Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex). Use Southern Wu Jia Pi. Peel off the woody core, dry in shade, and wash with wine to circulate throughout the body. Alternatively, process with ginger juice.