寄奴刘裕小字。此草得名。详见南史。出河中孟州。汉中滁州。江南越州皆有之。苗高
二三尺。一茎直上。其叶尖长糙涩。面青背白。九月茎端分蕤成穗。每蕤攒簇十数小花。黄
包白瓣。宛如秋菊。经数日。花心拆裂如絮。随结实。（核）茎实花子皆可用。（濒湖）
味苦。气温。 主下血胀止痛。及大小便血。折伤瘀血。下气。疗水胀。通妇人经脉症
结。
揉之有
珀散。治
茶调。
乱成痢
〔论〕刘寄奴补血气之虚损而成瘀者。故先哲直谓破血之补药。如止同快瘀以论治。则
失之
通行走散之性。专入血分。久服令人下痢。病患胃弱易泻者。勿服。（仲淳）
即红花。
味甘苦而辛。气温。阴中之阳。入心养血。又为肝经血分药。入酒良。多用破留血。少
用养
腹中
红花汁
少用多用
三桶于窗
死腹中。新
胡当归生地
红花捣绞汁
采头次红花
服二分。次日
〔论〕红花开于盛夏。其色正红。火也。其气温。其味辛甘。发散为阳而归于苦。苦又
火味
分破
凡服红花。但令血晕解。留滞行。即止。若过多。能使血行不止而毙。世所不知。（仲
淳）
〔修治〕 养血水煎。破血酒煮。
俗呼茨芥。其叶多刺。又名刺蓟。二蓟相似。花如髻。但大蓟高三四尺。
尺许。叶不皱耳。大蓟生山谷。及平原高阜处。小蓟生平泽。即此亦当有别。
微有苦。小蓟止有甘。不可不审。
大蓟根（叶同）
气味甘温苦平。其叶凉。主女子赤白沃。安胎。疗崩中血下。一切鼻衄吐血
叶治肠痈。腹脏瘀血作晕。扑损。生研。入酒并童便任服。
小蓟根（苗同）
气味甘温。日华曰凉。主治暴下血。血崩呕血。金疮出血等证。养精保血。治
并胸膈烦闷。开胃下食退热。苗去烦热。生研汁服。小蓟力微。只可退热。不似大
下气也。（日华）大小蓟皆能破血。但大蓟兼疗痈肿。而小蓟不能。（ ）大小蓟根。
冲气。日华云凉。当是微寒。其性凉而能行。行而带补。大蓟较胜。（仲淳）心热吐血
用刺蓟叶捣。绞取汁一小盏顿服。心上有热。舌上出血如涌泉。小蓟根同升麻茜根艾
石。水煎。入生地。一二沸温服。食啖辛热。伤肺呕吐血。名为肺疽。大蓟根同犀角
皮蒲黄杏仁炙草桔梗煎服。下焦结热。尿血成淋。小蓟根同生地滑石通草蒲黄藕节淡
归山栀炙草同煎服。崩漏不止。大小蓟根白茅根。酒煮服。以上方皆治其热者。气虚
或吐或呕。或咯或衄。同人参熟地当归川芎蒲黄乌梅肉。水煎服。血虚或嗽血唾血。
阿胶卷柏生地熟地茯苓紫苏叶五味柏仁人参麦冬远志百部防风山药。炼蜜丸。小麦麦
以上治气血之虚者。堕胎下血。小蓟根叶益母草五两。水二大碗。煮汁一碗。再煎
分二服。一日服尽。此治堕下伤血于内者。肠痈腹痈小腹痈。大蓟叶生捣绞汁。同
牛膝银花四味浓汁。和童便饮之。此治痈疡病血于内外者。
〔论〕桃仁红花。皆言行血破滞。而大小蓟能止吐衄崩下。似乎功在止血也。夫行血者。
犹
谓
而
是
血
变化。而雨泽乃降。方是下气疗血之义。彼粗工止谓阳能生阴。至病乎阳亢。而犹事益
阳。可哂也。然则蓟能益阴欤。曰。观大蓟兼疗痈肿。痈肿固营气逆于肉理而生。是则大蓟
所谓健养下气者。乃营气也。即别录所言令人肥健者。形体为阴也。或曰。治血证宜降气。
不宜破气。大蓟固合于斯欤。曰。非也。气降虽即火降。然恃降气之剂以降火疗血。岂为中
的。使大蓟而止以降为功。彼下行之血不益剧乎。何以反能疗之。然则此味之不止血而令血
止者。固可熟思矣。（不用花。但用根。或并用叶。可参。）大蓟根叶。在别录皆曰甘温。惟
日华谓其叶凉。小蓟根苗。别录皆曰甘温。而日华皆曰凉。然则用以退热。小蓟根苗皆可。
大蓟治虚而有热者。须根兼叶用。别录言大蓟令人肥健。小蓟保血养精。是小蓟退热疗血而
有保血之益。不同于行血而不能保者。若大蓟补养令人肥健。是更能由中充外。所谓其力更
胜也。凡凉血者多滞。惟此乃能行之。又不以降火为行。盖从下气以为行也。行血者无补。
惟此乃能保之。特大蓟健养之力胜于保血。是又不就血以为止也。岂非至贱之物。而有至贵
之用哉。
二蓟性能下气。故主崩衄多效。惟不利于胃弱泄泻。及血虚已极。饮食不思之证。（仲
淳）
〔修治〕 五月采叶。九月采根。洗净阴干。微焙。亦可生捣汁服。消肿。捣汁用。止
血。烧
刘寄奴，是南朝宋武帝刘裕的小名。这种草药因此得名。详细情况见《南史》。产于河中、孟州、汉中、滁州、江南越州等地都有生长。植株高约二三尺，一根茎干直立向上。叶片尖长且粗糙涩手，正面青色背面白色。九月时茎端分枝结成穗状花序，每个花序簇拥着十几朵小花，黄色花苞白色花瓣，宛如秋菊。经过几天后，花心裂开像棉絮一样，随即结出果实。（李时珍指出）茎、实、花、子都可以使用。
味道苦，性温。主要治疗下血引起的腹胀疼痛，以及大小便出血，折伤导致的瘀血，能下气，治疗水肿胀满，疏通妇女经闭症结。
揉搓时有琥珀色的汁液散出。治疗茶调（此处疑为脱文或特定病症简称，原文如此）。乱成痢疾（此处疑为脱文或特定病症简称，原文如此）。
〔论述〕刘寄奴能补益因气血虚损而形成的瘀血，所以先贤直接称它为“破血的补药”。如果仅仅把它当作快速化瘀的药物来论治，就失去了它通行走散的药性。它专门进入血分，久服会导致腹泻。脾胃虚弱容易腹泻的患者，不要服用。（陈实功/仲淳注）
即红花。
味甘、苦而辛。性温，属于阴中之阳。入心经以养血，又是肝经血分的药物，用酒送服效果好。多用可以破除滞留之血，少用可以滋养血液。
腹中……
红花汁……
少用多用……
三桶于窗……
死腹中。新……
胡当归生地……
红花捣绞汁……
采头次红花……
服二分。次日……
〔论述〕红花盛开于盛夏，颜色正红，属火。其性温，味辛甘，发散属阳而归于苦，苦又属火味。
分破……
凡是服用红花，只要能让血晕解除，留滞的血行通畅，就应该停止服用。如果过量，能使血液运行不止而导致死亡，世人对此并不知晓。（陈实功/仲淳注）
〔修治〕 养血用水煎煮，破血用酒煮制。
俗称茨芥。叶子多刺，又名刺蓟。大蓟和小蓟相似，花朵都像发髻形状。只是大蓟高三四尺，小蓟只有一尺左右，叶子不皱褶罢了。大蓟生长在山谷及平原的高地，小蓟生长在低湿的沼泽地带，这也应当有所区别。
大蓟微有苦味，小蓟只有甜味，不可不仔细辨别。
大蓟根（叶子同效）
气味甘温、苦平。其叶性凉。主要治疗女子赤白带下，安胎，治疗崩漏下血，一切鼻出血、吐血。
叶子治疗肠痈，腹脏瘀血引起的头晕，跌打损伤。生研末，加入酒和童便任意服用。
小蓟根（苗同效）
气味甘温。日华子说性凉。主治暴发性下血，血崩呕血，金疮出血等证候。养精保血，治疗……并伴有胸膈烦闷，开胃进食退热。苗能去除烦热，生研汁服用。小蓟药力微弱，只能退热，不像大蓟那样能下气。（日华子注）大小蓟都能破血，但大蓟兼治痈肿，而小蓟不能。（空缺作者注）大小蓟根。
冲气。日华子说性凉，应当是微寒。其性凉而能行散，行散中带补益，大蓟较胜。（陈实功/仲淳注）心热吐血
用刺蓟叶捣烂，绞取汁一小盏一次性服用。心上有热，舌上出血如涌泉状，用小蓟根同升麻、茜根、艾叶、石……水煎，加入生地，煮沸一两次后温服。吃辛辣热物，伤肺呕吐血，名为肺疽。大蓟根同犀角、皮、蒲黄、杏仁、炙甘草、桔梗煎服。下焦结热，尿血成淋，小蓟根同生地、滑石、通草、蒲黄、藕节、淡……归、山栀、炙草同煎服。崩漏不止，大小蓟根加白茅根，酒煮服用。以上方剂都是治疗热证的。气虚
或者吐或者呕，或者咯血或者衄血，同人参、熟地、当归、川芎、蒲黄、乌梅肉，水煎服。血虚或者嗽血唾血，
阿胶、卷柏、生地、熟地、茯苓、紫苏叶、五味子、柏仁、人参、麦冬、远志、百部、防风、山药，炼蜜为丸。小麦麦……
以上治疗气血虚损者。堕胎下血，小蓟根叶加益母草五两，水两大碗，煮取汁一碗，再煎……
分两次服用，一天服完。这是治疗堕胎后内伤血瘀者。肠痈、腹痈、小腹痈，大蓟叶生捣绞汁，同……牛膝、银花四味浓汁，和童便饮用。这是治疗痈疡病内外有瘀血者。
〔论述〕桃仁、红花，都是讲行血破滞，而大小蓟能止住吐血、衄血、崩漏下血，似乎功效在于止血。夫行血者，
犹……
谓……
而……
是……
血……
变化，而雨泽乃降，这才是下气疗血的意义。那些粗劣的医生只知道阳气能生阴，到了病在阳亢的时候，还从事补益阳气，可笑啊。那么蓟能益阴吗？回答说：看大蓟兼治痈肿，痈肿本来就是营气逆乱于肌肉纹理而生成的，这就是大蓟所谓的健养下气，指的是营气。也就是《别录》所说的使人肥健，形体属于阴。有人说，治疗血证应该降气，不应该破气，大蓟确实符合这一点吗？回答说：不对。气降虽然就是火降，然而依靠降气的药剂来降火疗血，难道不是中肯的吗？假使大蓟仅以降为功效，那么向下运行的血岂不是更加严重吗？为什么反而能治疗它呢？那么这味药不止血而令血自止的道理，固然值得深思了。（不用花，只用根，或者并用叶，可以参考。）大蓟根叶，在《别录》中都说是甘温，只有日华子说它的叶性凉。小蓟根苗，《别录》都说甘温，而日华子都说凉。那么用来退热，小蓟根苗都可以。大蓟治疗虚而有热者，须根兼叶使用。《别录》说大蓟令人肥健，小蓟保血养精，是小蓟退热疗血而有保血的好处，不同于行血而不能保血的。若大蓟补养令人肥健，是更能由中充外，所谓它的力量更胜一筹。凡凉血的药物大多滞涩，惟独此药能行散，又不以降火作为行散的手段，而是从下气来实现行散。行血的药物没有补益作用，惟独此药能保血，特别是大蓟健养的力量胜过保血，这又不局限于在血上来止血。难道不是极其低廉的物品，却有极其珍贵的用途吗？
二蓟性能下气，所以治疗崩漏、衄血多有效，唯独不利于胃弱泄泻，以及血虚已极、饮食不思的证候。（陈实功/仲淳注）
〔修治〕 五月采集叶子，九月采集根，洗净阴干，微焙。也可以生捣汁服用。消肿，捣汁用。止血，烧……
Liu Jinu (Artemisia japonica) is named after Liu Yu, the childhood name of Emperor Wu of the Liu Song dynasty. The detailed history can be found in *History of the Southern Dynasties* (*Nan Shi*). It grows in Hezhong, Mengzhou, Hanzhong, Chuzhou, and Yuezhou in Jiangnan. The plant is about two to three chi tall, with a single straight stem. The leaves are pointed, long, rough, and astringent to the touch, green on the upper surface and white underneath. In the ninth month, the stem tips branch out into spike-like inflorescences, each cluster bearing a dozen small flowers with yellow calyxes and white petals, resembling autumn chrysanthemums. After a few days, the flower centers split like cotton wool, followed by fruiting. (Li Shizhen notes that the stems, fruits, flowers, and seeds are all usable.)
Bitter in taste, warm in nature. It primarily treats lower bleeding accompanied by abdominal distension and pain, as well as blood in the stool and urine; traumatic blood stasis; it directs Qi downward, treats water swelling, and unblocks menstrual obstruction and masses in women.
When rubbed, it exudes a resinous substance resembling amber. [Text fragment: Treats Cha Tiao (likely a specific condition or typo)]. [Text fragment: Chaotic dysentery].
[Discussion] Liu Jinu tonifies deficiency and resolves stasis caused by Qi and Blood deficiency. Therefore, ancient sages directly referred to it as a "tonic for breaking blood." If one were to treat it merely as a rapid blood-invigorating agent, one would miss its property of circulating and dispersing. It specifically enters the Blood aspect. Long-term use may cause diarrhea. Patients with weak stomachs prone to loose stools should avoid it. (Zhong Chun)
This refers to Hong Hua (Safflower).
Sweet, bitter, and acrid in taste; warm in nature; it is Yang within Yin. It enters the Heart to nourish Blood and is also a herb for the Liver Blood aspect. It works best when taken with wine. Large doses break retained blood; small doses nourish Blood.
Abdominal...
Hong Hua juice...
Small dose vs large dose...
Three buckets at the window...
Death in the abdomen. New...
Hu Dang Gui, Sheng Di...
Hong Hua crushed and juiced...
Harvesting the first batch of Hong Hua...
Take two fen. The next day...
[Discussion] Hong Hua blooms in midsummer, its color being true red, corresponding to Fire. Its nature is warm, and its taste is acrid and sweet. Its dispersing action is Yang, returning to Bitter, which again corresponds to Fire.
Breaking...
Whenever taking Hong Hua, stop once blood dizziness is resolved and stagnation moves. If taken in excess, it can cause uncontrollable bleeding leading to death, a fact unknown to the world. (Zhong Chun)
[Processing] To nourish Blood, decoct in water; to break Blood, decoct in wine.
Commonly called Ci Ji. Its leaves are thorny, hence also named Ci Ji. Da Ji (Giant Thistle) and Xiao Ji (Lesser Thistle) are similar, with flower heads resembling hair buns. However, Da Ji is three to four chi tall, while Xiao Ji is only about one chi tall, and its leaves are not wrinkled. Da Ji grows in valleys and high plains; Xiao Ji grows in low marshes, indicating a distinction.
Da Ji has a slight bitterness; Xiao Ji is purely sweet. This must be carefully distinguished.
Da Ji Root (Leaves have similar effects)
Taste and nature: Sweet, warm, bitter, and neutral. Its leaves are cool. It primarily treats leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women, calms the fetus, treats metrorrhagia and uterine bleeding, and all forms of epistaxis and hematemesis.
Leaves treat intestinal abscesses, dizziness caused by abdominal organ blood stasis, and trauma. Crushed raw, taken with wine and child's urine.
Xiao Ji Root (Seedlings have similar effects)
Taste and nature: Sweet and warm. Ri Hua Zi states it is cool. It treats sudden lower bleeding, metrorrhagia, hematemesis, and bleeding from metallic wounds. It nourishes Essence and protects Blood, treats... accompanied by chest and diaphragm irritability, opens the stomach, promotes appetite, and reduces fever. Seedlings remove irritability and fever; taken raw as juice. Xiao Ji has weak efficacy and only reduces fever, unlike Da Ji which directs Qi downward. (Ri Hua Zi) Both Da Ji and Xiao Ji break Blood, but Da Ji additionally treats carbuncles and swellings, whereas Xiao Ji does not. (Author missing) Da Ji and Xiao Ji roots.
Ascending rebellious Qi. Ri Hua Zi says it is cool, likely slightly cold. Its nature is cool and moving; moving yet containing tonification, with Da Ji being superior. (Zhong Chun) Heart-heat hematemesis
Use Ci Ji leaves, crush, and extract one small cup of juice to take in one dose. For heat in the heart causing tongue bleeding like a geyser, combine Xiao Ji root with Sheng Ma, Qian Gen, Ai Ye, Shi... decoct in water, add Sheng Di, boil briefly, and take warm. Eating spicy and hot foods damaging the Lung causes vomiting blood, named Fei Ju (Lung Abscess). Combine Da Ji root with Xi Jiao, Pi, Pu Huang, Xing Ren, Zhi Gan Cao, Jie Geng, and decoct. Lower jiao heat accumulation causing hematuria and stranguria: combine Xiao Ji root with Sheng Di, Hua Shi, Tong Cao, Pu Huang, Ou Jie, Dan... Gui, Shan Zhi, Zhi Gan Cao, and decoct. Unstopping metrorrhagia: combine Da Ji and Xiao Ji roots with Bai Mao Gen, decoct in wine. The above formulas treat heat patterns. Qi deficiency
Vomiting, retching, coughing up blood, or epistaxis: combine with Ren Shen, Shu Di, Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong, Pu Huang, Wu Mei Rou, and decoct in water. Blood deficiency with coughing or spitting blood:
E Jiao, Juan Bai, Sheng Di, Shu Di, Fu Ling, Zi Su Ye, Wu Wei Zi, Bai Ren, Ren Shen, Mai Dong, Yuan Zhi, Bai Bu, Fang Feng, Shan Yao, refine with honey to make pills. Xiao Mai Mai...
The above treat Qi and Blood deficiency. Miscarriage with bleeding: combine Xiao Ji roots and leaves with Yi Mu Cao (five liang), decoct in two large bowls of water until one bowl remains, then reduce further...
Divide into two doses, consume within one day. This treats internal blood injury from miscarriage. Intestinal abscess, abdominal abscess, lower abdominal abscess: crush Da Ji leaves raw, extract juice, combine with Niu Xi, Yin Hua (four herbs' concentrated juices), and drink with child's urine. This treats abscesses with internal and external blood stasis.
[Discussion] Tao Ren and Hong Hua both promote Blood circulation and break stagnation, whereas Da Ji and Xiao Ji stop hematemesis, epistaxis, and metrorrhagia, seemingly having a hemostatic function. Promoting Blood circulation is like...
It is said...
And...
Is...
Blood...
Transformation, and then rain descends. This is the meaning of directing Qi downward to treat Blood disorders. Crude physicians only know that Yang generates Yin. When the disease involves Yang hyperactivity, they still engage in tonifying Yang, which is laughable. Then, can Ji tonify Yin? The answer is: Observe that Da Ji treats carbuncles and swellings. Carbuncles arise from rebellious Ying Qi in the muscle texture. Thus, Da Ji's so-called "strengthening and nourishing by directing Qi downward" refers to Ying Qi. This is what *Bie Lu* means by "making people fat and strong," where the physical form is Yin. Some say treating Blood disorders requires descending Qi, not breaking Qi. Does Da Ji fit this? The answer is: No. Although descending Qi leads to descending Fire, relying on Qi-descending agents to descend Fire and treat Blood is not the precise method. If Da Ji's sole merit was descending, wouldn't the downward-flowing Blood become worse? Why does it instead treat it? Therefore, the reason this herb stops bleeding without using hemostasis must be pondered deeply. (Flowers are not used; only roots, or both roots and leaves, can be consulted.) Da Ji roots and leaves are described as sweet and warm in *Bie Lu*, except Ri Hua Zi who says leaves are cool. Xiao Ji roots and seedlings are sweet and warm in *Bie Lu*, but Ri Hua Zi says they are cool. Thus, for reducing fever, Xiao Ji roots and seedlings are suitable. Da Ji treats deficiency with heat; use roots and leaves together. *Bie Lu* says Da Ji makes people fat and strong; Xiao Ji protects Blood and nourishes Essence. Xiao Ji reduces fever and treats Blood disorders while protecting Blood, unlike herbs that move Blood without protecting it. If Da Ji tonifies and makes people fat and strong, it fills from the center to the exterior, showing superior power. Most cooling-blood herbs are stagnant, but this one moves. It does not move by descending Fire, but by directing Qi downward. Herbs that move Blood lack tonification, but this one protects Blood. Specifically, Da Ji's strengthening power surpasses its blood-protecting power. It does not stop bleeding merely through blood actions. Is it not a very cheap item with extremely precious uses?
Both Ji herbs direct Qi downward, so they are effective for metrorrhagia and epistaxis, but unsuitable for weak stomachs with diarrhea, and extreme Blood deficiency with loss of appetite. (Zhong Chun)
[Processing] Harvest leaves in the fifth month, roots in the ninth month. Wash clean, dry in shade, and lightly roast. Can also be taken raw as juice. For reducing swelling, use juice. For stopping bleeding, burn...