近道平泽多有。惟杭产色紫而柔者为上品。江南土大戟次之。春生红芽。丛高尺许
直中空。折之有白浆。叶狭长似柳。稍头攒密而上。三四月开黄紫花。似杏眼。似细苦
皮黄。肉色黄白。
根
味苦辛。气寒。有毒。阴中微阳。泻肺损真气。 得枣即不损脾。赤小豆为之使。恶
蓣。反甘草。 主治十二水。腹满急痛积聚。但脏腑隐有细水。皆能导之。下恶血癖块。
蛊毒毒药。天行黄病温疟。疗中风皮肤疼痛吐逆。 隐疹风及风毒脚肿。并日日煮水。热
取愈。（颂） 禀天地阴毒之气以生。性善下走而入肾肝。逐诸有余之水。辛则横走。无所
不到。寒而有辛。故能以毒攻毒。治蛊毒泻毒药。并散天行黄病及温疟。更破恶血癖块。（
仲淳） 痰涎之为物。随气升降。无处不到。入于心则迷窍。而成癫痫。妄言妄见。入于肺
则塞窍。而成咳唾稠粘。喘急背冷。入于肝则留伏蓄聚。而成胁痛干呕。寒热往来。入于经
络则麻痹疼痛。入于筋骨则颈项胸背腰胁手足。牵引隐痛。三因方并主控涎丹。治痰之本。
痰之本。水也。湿也。得气与火。则凝滞而为痰饮。为涎涕。为癖。大戟能泻脏腑之水湿。
甘遂能行经隧之水湿。白芥子能散皮里膜外之痰气。惟善用者。能收奇功尔。（濒湖） 控
涎
钓
流
甘
服
姜
苗盖
疤疳疔
〔论〕 洁古谓甘遂纯阳。大戟则阴中微阳。夫肝之为脏。乃阴中少阳也。本经大戟兼
主
欤。
欤。
日华
化之
中风
阴寒善走而下泄。有损真气。惟水饮留伏中焦。及元气壮实人患水湿。可一暂施。（仲
淳）
〔辨治〕 北方一种绵大戟。皮韧如绵而色白。气味峻利。弱人误服吐血。不可不知。
以
在靠近道路和平原沼泽地带多有生长。只有杭州出产的，颜色紫红且质地柔嫩的，被列为上品。江南地区出产的大戟次之。春天生出红色的芽，丛生的植株高约一尺，茎干笔直且中空，折断后有白色浆液流出。叶片狭长类似柳叶，稍头部密集向上生长。三四月间开出黄紫色的花，形状像杏花的眼部。树皮呈黄色，肉质呈黄白色。
根
味道苦、辛。性质寒。有毒。属于阴中带有微阳。能泻肺脏并损伤真气。如果与大枣同用，就不会损伤脾脏。赤小豆是它的引经药（使药）。害怕薯蓣（山药）。与甘草相反。主要治疗各种水肿病，腹部胀满急痛及积聚症。只要脏腑深处有细微的水饮停聚，都能引导排出。能下行排出恶血和癖块。治疗蛊毒、毒药、时行黄疸病、温疟。治疗中风引起的皮肤疼痛、呕吐逆气。治疗隐疹风邪及风毒导致的脚肿，并且每天煮水饮用，趁热服用以求痊愈。（苏颂）禀受天地阴毒之气而生。药性善于下行，进入肾经和肝经。驱逐体内多余的水湿。辛味能横向走散，无处不到。寒性兼有辛味，所以能以毒攻毒。治疗蛊毒、泻毒药，并能消散时行黄疸病及温疟。更能破除恶血和癖块。（陈实功/仲淳）痰涎这种东西，随着气的升降运行，无处不到。进入心脏则蒙蔽心窍，形成癫痫，胡言乱语，幻视幻听。进入肺脏则堵塞肺窍，形成咳嗽吐出的稠粘痰液，气喘急促，背部发冷。进入肝脏则停留伏聚，形成胁痛、干呕、寒热往来。进入经络则导致麻痹疼痛。进入筋骨则导致颈项、胸背、腰胁、手足牵引性的隐痛。《三因方》中的控涎丹，主要控制痰的根本。痰的根本，是水，是湿。遇到气和火，就会凝滞成为痰饮、涎涕、癖块。大戟能泻除脏腑中的水湿，甘遂能疏通经络隧道中的水湿，白芥子能消散皮里膜外的痰气。只有善于使用的人，才能收到奇效。（李时珍/濒湖）
控涎
钓
流
甘
服
姜
苗盖
疤疳疔
〔论〕 洁古认为甘遂是纯阳之品，大戟则是阴中带有微阳。肝脏作为脏器，是阴中少阳。大戟兼主此证，难道不是如此吗？难道不是如此吗？
日华
化之
中风
阴寒之性善于下行而泄利，会损伤真气。只有当水饮留伏在中焦，以及元气壮实之人患水湿病时，可以暂时施用一次。（陈实功/仲淳）
It is commonly found in areas near roads and flat marshes. The variety produced in Hangzhou, which is purple in color and soft in texture, is considered the superior grade. The Dajing (Euphorbia pekinensis) produced in the Jiangnan region is of secondary quality. In spring, red buds emerge. The clustered plants grow to a height of about one chi (approx. 33 cm). The stems are straight, hollow in the center, and exude a white latex when broken. The leaves are narrow and long, resembling willow leaves, with denser growth towards the tips pointing upwards. Yellow-purple flowers bloom in March and April, resembling the eyes of apricot blossoms. The bark is yellow, and the flesh is yellowish-white.
Root
Taste: Bitter, Pungent. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Toxic. It belongs to Yin containing slight Yang. It drains the Lung and damages true Qi. When used with Zao (Jujube), it does not damage the Spleen. Chi Xiaodou (Adzuki Bean) acts as its guiding herb (Shi). It is incompatible with Yu (Dioscorea/Huai Shan). It is chemically antagonistic to Gancao (Licorice). It mainly treats various types of edema (Shui), abdominal fullness with acute pain, and accumulations (Ji Ju). As long as there is subtle fluid retention within the zang-fu organs, it can guide it out. It promotes the downward expulsion of evil blood and fixed masses (Pi Kuai). It treats gu poison (parasitic or toxic accumulation), drug poisons, epidemic jaundice (Tianxing Huang Bing), and warm malaria (Wen Nue). It treats skin pain, vomiting, and counterflow qi caused by wind-stroke (Zhong Feng). It treats hidden rashes due to wind pathogens and foot swelling due to wind toxicity; it should be boiled in water daily and taken hot to achieve cure. (Su Song) It is born from the yin-toxic qi of heaven and earth. Its nature tends to descend and enters the Kidney and Liver channels. It expels excessive water and dampness. The pungent flavor allows it to move horizontally, reaching everywhere. Being cold yet pungent, it can use toxicity to combat toxicity. It treats gu poison and purgative drugs, dissipates epidemic jaundice and warm malaria, and further breaks down evil blood and fixed masses. (Chen Shigong/Zhong Chun) Phlegm-saliva is a substance that rises and falls with Qi, reaching nowhere without access. Entering the Heart, it clouds the orifices, forming epilepsy, delirium, and hallucinations. Entering the Lung, it blocks the orifices, forming thick, sticky sputum, panting, urgency, and coldness in the back. Entering the Liver, it stays and gathers, forming hypochondriac pain, dry retching, and alternating chills and fever. Entering the collaterals, it causes numbness and pain. Entering the sinews and bones, it causes牵引 (pulling/traction) and hidden pain in the neck, chest, back, waist, flanks, hands, and feet. Kongxian Dan (Control Saliva Pill) from *San Yin Fang* primarily controls the root of phlegm. The root of phlegm is Water and Dampness. When encountering Qi and Fire, it stagnates to become phlegm-fluid, saliva, or fixed masses. Dajing (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis) can drain water-dampness from the zang-fu organs; Gansui (Radix Kansui) can circulate water-dampness through the meridians; Baijiezi (Semen Mustardae) can dissipate phlegm-Qi inside the fascia. Only those who skillfully utilize them can achieve miraculous results. (Li Shizhen/Bin Hu)
Kongxian
Diao
Liu
Gan
Fu
Jiang
Miaogai
Ba Gan Ding
[Discussion] Jieguo stated that Gansui is purely Yang, whereas Dajing is Yin containing slight Yang. The Liver, as an organ, is Shaoyang within Yin. Does Dajing not also govern this condition? Is it not so?
Ri Hua
Hua Zhi
Zhong Feng
Its Yin-cold nature favors descending and purging, thereby damaging true Qi. It may only be temporarily administered when fluid retention lingers in the Middle Jiao, or in individuals with robust Yuan Qi suffering from water-dampness. (Chen Shigong/Zhong Chun)
[Differentiation and Treatment] There is a variety in the North called Mian Dajing (Cotton-root Euphorbia). Its bark is tough like cotton and white in color. Its medicinal properties are severe and potent. Weak individuals who mistakenly take it may vomit blood; this must be known. To...