一名观音柳。小干弱枝。赤皮。细叶如丝。叶梢带微赤。凌冬不凋。一年三次作花如
蓼色。
枝叶
味甘咸。气温。浮而升。阳也。入足阳明手太阴少阴经。 主治消痞。散痧疹毒。解酒
毒。利小便。 痧疹热毒不能出。用为开发升散之神药。首尾兼资。 同石膏知母薄荷荆芥
元参牛蒡子麦冬竹叶连翘黄芩甘草之属。治斑疹发不出。或虽发。不透。如热甚毒炽。舌生
芒刺。大渴谵语。斑色紫黑者。加入三黄石膏汤内。大效。一切风。不问远近。用赤柽木叶
半斤。荆芥半斤。水五升。煮二升。澄清。入白蜜五合。竹沥五合。新瓶盛之。油纸封。入
重汤煮一伏时。每服一小盏。日三服。
腹中痞积。柽柳煎汤。露一夜。五更空心饮。数次。痞自消。
山榆仁也。气膻者良。
气味苦辛温平。 主皮肤肢节中风毒淫淫如虫行。杀虫止痛。治积冷气心腹症痛。妇人
子宫风虚。小儿疳泻冷痢。得诃子豆蔻良。 和猪胆脂。涂热疮。和蜜。治湿癣。和 牛酪
或马酪。治一切疮。 其功长于走肠胃杀诸虫。消食积。为小儿疳泻冷痢必资之药。（仲淳）
脾胃有虫。食即作痛。面黄无色。以芜荑二两和面。炒黄色为末。不拘时。米饮服二钱匕。 疳
热有虫瘦悴。久服充肥。用芜荑一两黄连一两为末。猪胆汁七枚和入碗内。饭上蒸之。日一
次。九蒸后。入麝香五分。汤浸蒸饼和丸。绿豆大。每服五七丸至一二十丸。米饮下。 结
阴下血。芜荑一两捣烂。纸压去油。为末。以雄猪胆汁丸梧子大。每服九丸。甘草汤下。日
五服。三日断根。脾胃气泄。久患不止。芜荑五两捣末。饭丸梧子大。每空心午饭前。陈
米饮下三十丸。 腹中鳖瘕。嗜酒者。血入于酒为酒鳖。多气者。血凝于气为气鳖。虚劳痼
冷。败血杂痰为血鳖。摇头摆尾。如虫之行。上侵人咽。下蚀人肛。或附胁背。或隐胸腹。
大则如鳖。小或如钱。治法惟用芜荑炒煎服之。兼用暖胃益血理中药。乃可杀之。若徒事雷
丸锡灰之类。无益也（直指方） 多服发热心痛。为辛故也。（孟诜）
〔论〕 芜荑先百木而青。逗春生之端。当入肝以宣肝用。其味辛。是木以金为主。而
得宣之用也。其气温。正得春阳之气也。辛温更合于苦味。而宣散乃有功。世但知其散风杀
虫。不知从极阴之脏而宣阳。故气之凝者能散。血之结者皆宣耳。夫脾胃为后天气血之源。
而以肝为主。仁斋谓治虫独取此味。兼之能理气血者。诚为有见。即其所治妇人子宫风虚。
非亦根于气血之虚乎。（肾受五脏六腑之精而藏之。然胞宫为之行其化。亦本于厥阴风木之
化。气血虚则胞宫无所藏。而风木亦无所养以行其化也。）
〔辨治〕 当用大者。（小者即榆荚仁）陈久乃良。炒去壳。其气膻。
【柽柳】
又名观音柳。植株矮小，枝条柔弱。树皮呈红色，叶片细小如丝，叶尖略带微红。耐寒不凋谢。一年开花三次，花色如同蓼草的颜色。
枝叶味甘、咸，性温，药势浮而上升，属阳。归足阳明胃经、手太阴肺经和手少阴心经。主要治疗消除痞块，散发痧疹毒邪，解除酒毒，通利小便。对于痧疹热毒郁闭不能透发者，将其作为开发升散的神效药物，无论病程初期还是后期均可使用。可与石膏、知母、薄荷、荆芥、玄参、牛蒡子、麦冬、竹叶、连翘、黄芩、甘草等药物配伍，治疗斑疹发出困难，或者虽然发出但不透彻的情况。如果热势极盛、毒邪炽烈，舌面生芒刺，极度口渴且胡言乱语，斑疹颜色紫黑者，可加入三黄石膏汤中，疗效显著。治疗各种风证，不分新久，取赤柽柳叶半斤，荆芥半斤，加水五升，煎煮至二升，澄清后，加入白蜜五合、竹沥五合，装入新瓶中，用油纸封口，放入隔水锅中蒸煮一个时辰（两小时）。每次服用一小盏，每日三次。
腹中有痞积，用柽柳煎汤，露天放置一夜，在凌晨五更时分空腹饮用，数次之后痞积自然消散。
【芜荑】
即山榆仁。气味膻腥的质地优良。
气味苦、辛，性温平。主治皮肤及肢节受风毒侵袭，感觉瘙痒如虫爬行。能杀虫止痛，治疗积冷之气导致的心腹症痛，妇女子宫风虚，小儿疳积腹泻及冷痢。与诃子、豆蔻同用效果良好。与猪胆汁混合，涂抹治疗热疮；与蜂蜜混合，治疗湿癣；与牛乳或马乳混合，治疗各种疮疡。其功效长于走窜肠胃，杀灭各种寄生虫，消食积，是治疗小儿疳积腹泻、冷痢必不可少的药物。（仲淳评）
脾胃有虫，进食即疼痛，面色萎黄无光泽。取芜荑二两与面粉混合，炒至黄色后研为细末，不拘时间，用米汤送服二钱匕。疳积发热且有虫体消瘦憔悴者，长期服用可使身体丰满健壮。取芜荑一两、黄连一两研为细末，将七个猪胆汁倒入碗中混合，放在饭上蒸制，每日一次。经过九次蒸制后，加入麝香五分，用水浸泡过的蒸饼调和制成丸剂，大小如绿豆。每次服用五至七丸，最多二十丸，用米汤送下。结阴证导致便血，取芜荑一两捣烂，用纸压去油脂，研为细末，用雄猪胆汁制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用九丸，用甘草汤送下，每日五次，三天即可断根。脾胃气虚泄泻，久治不愈，取芜荑五两捣成粉末，用米饭调和制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次在空腹午饭前，用陈年米汤送服三十丸。腹中有鳖瘕（一种腹部肿块），嗜酒之人，血液混入酒中形成“酒鳖”；多气之人，血液凝滞于气分形成“气鳖”；虚劳痼冷之人，败血夹杂痰浊形成“血鳖”。症状表现为摇头摆尾，像虫子一样爬行，向上侵蚀咽喉，向下侵蚀肛门，或附着于胁背，或隐伏于胸腹。大的如鳖，小的如铜钱。治疗方法唯有使用芜荑炒煎服用，同时配合暖胃、益血、理气的中药，才能杀灭病邪。如果仅仅使用雷丸、锡灰之类药物，则无益。（出自《直指方》）
〔论述〕 芜荑在百木之前先变青，逗留着春天生发的开端，应当入肝经以宣畅肝的功能。其味辛，是以金（辛味属金）为主，从而获得宣散的作用。其性温，正得春阳之气。辛温之性更契合苦味药物的作用，从而使宣散之功生效。世人只知道它能散风杀虫，却不知道它能从极阴之脏（肾/肝）中宣发阳气，因此气机凝滞的能够散开，血瘀凝结的都能宣通。脾胃是后天气血的来源，而以肝为主导。仁斋认为治疗虫证独取此味，兼之能调理气血，确实是有见地的。就其所治疗的妇女子宫风虚而言，难道不是根源于气血虚弱吗？（肾接受五脏六腑的精气而储藏它，但胞宫负责执行其化生功能，这也本源于厥阴风木的化生作用。气血虚弱则胞宫无所藏，风木也无所养以行使其化生功能。）
〔鉴别与治疗〕 应当选用个头大的。（小的即是榆荚仁）存放陈久者质量较好。炒后去壳，其气味膻腥。
[Chengliu / Tamarix Twig]
Also known as Guanyin Liu (Guanyin Willow). The plant is small with weak branches. The bark is red, leaves are fine and thread-like, with tips slightly reddish. It remains evergreen through winter. It flowers three times a year, with flower color resembling that of Polygonum (Tartary Buckwheat).
The branches and leaves have a sweet and salty taste, are warm in nature, tend to float and ascend, and belong to Yang. They enter the Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel, Hand-Taiyin Lung Channel, and Hand-Shaoyin Heart Channel. Main indications include resolving痞块 (痞 - abdominal masses/fullness), dispersing Sha Zhen (Sha Rash) toxins, relieving alcohol toxicity, and promoting urination. For Sha Zhen heat-toxins that cannot be exfoliated, it serves as a divine medicine for development, ascending, and dispersion, applicable at both the beginning and end of the disease course. It can be combined with Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Zhuye (Bambusae Folium), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) to treat macules and rashes that fail to erupt or are not fully erupted. If the heat is severe and toxins are blazing, with prickles on the tongue, extreme thirst, delirium, and purple-black macules/rashes, add it to Sanhuang Shigao Tang (Three Yellows and Gypsum Decoction) for significant efficacy. To treat various Wind conditions, regardless of duration, use half a jin (approx. 500g) of Chixingmu Ye (Chengliu Leaf), half a jin of Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), boil in five sheng (approx. 1L) of water until reduced to two sheng (approx. 400ml), clarify, then add Bai Mi (White Honey) five he (approx. 100ml) and Zhuli (Bamboo Sap) five he (approx. 100ml). Store in a new bottle, seal with oil paper, and steam in a double boiler for one fu period (approx. 2 hours). Take one small cup per dose, three times daily.
For abdominal痞ji (accumulations/masses), decoct Chengliu in water, expose overnight, and drink on an empty stomach at wugeng (approx. 3-5 AM). After several doses, the accumulation will naturally dissipate.
[Wuyi / Elaeagnus Seed]
It is the seed of Shan Yu (Mountain Elm). Those with a musky odor are superior.
The taste is bitter and pungent; the nature is warm and neutral. Main indications include wind-toxin affecting the skin and limbs, causing itching sensations like insects crawling. It kills parasites, relieves pain, treats cold qi accumulation causing heart and abdominal mass-pain, uterine wind-deficiency in women, and pediatric gan-ji (malnutrition syndrome) diarrhea and cold dysentery. It works well when combined with Hezi (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus) and Doukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus). Mixed with Zhu Danzhi (Porcine Bile), it applies to hot sores; mixed with honey, it treats damp tinea; mixed with Niu Nai (Cow Milk) or Ma Nai (Horse Milk), it treats all types of sores. Its merit lies in traversing the intestines and stomach to kill various parasites and digest food accumulations, making it an essential medicine for pediatric gan-ji diarrhea and cold dysentery. (Comment by Zhong Chun)
When there are parasites in the spleen and stomach, pain occurs upon eating, and the face is sallow without luster. Take two liang (approx. 60g) of Wuyi, mix with flour, stir-fry until yellow, grind into powder. Take two qianbi (approx. 6g) with rice liquid at any time. For gan-ji heat with parasites, emaciation, and frailty, long-term use promotes weight gain. Take one liang (approx. 30g) of Wuyi and one liang (approx. 30g) of Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), grind into powder. Mix with seven Zhu Danzhi (Porcine Biles) in a bowl, steam over rice once daily. After nine steaming cycles, add five fen (approx. 1.5g) of Moxiang (Musk), mix with steamed bread dough soaked in water, and form pills the size of mung beans. Take 5-7 to 10-20 pills per dose with rice liquid.
For Jie Yin (Knotting Yin) hematochezia, take one liang (approx. 30g) of Wuyi, crush, press out oil with paper, grind into powder. Form pills the size of wutong seeds using Xiong Zhu Danzhi (Male Pig Bile). Take nine pills per dose with Gancao Tang (Licorice Decoction), five times daily. Roots will be cut off in three days. For Spleen-Stomach qi leakage with chronic diarrhea, take five liang (approx. 150g) of Wuyi, crush into powder, form pills the size of wutong seeds with rice. Take thirty pills before lunch on an empty stomach with aged rice liquid.
For Abdominal Bie Zha (Tortoise-shaped Masses): In those who love alcohol, blood mixes with wine to form "Wine Bie"; in those with excessive qi, blood coagulates with qi to form "Qi Bie"; in consumptive chronic cold cases, failed blood mixes with phlegm to form "Blood Bie". Symptoms include shaking head and swaying tail, moving like insects, invading the throat upwards, eroding the anus downwards, attaching to flanks/back, or hiding in chest/abdomen. Large ones resemble tortoises, small ones resemble coins. The treatment method is solely to stir-fry and decoct Wuyi for oral administration, combined with warming-stomach, nourishing-blood, and regulating-q/blood herbs to eradicate it. Merely using Leiwan (Polyporus Umbellatus) or Xi Hui (Tin Ash) is of no benefit. (From *Zhizhi Fang*)
Excessive consumption causes fever and heart pain due to its pungency. (Comment by Meng Shen)
[Discussion]
Wuyi greens before other trees, initiating spring growth. It should enter the Liver to promote Liver function. Its pungent taste implies Metal governs Wood, obtaining the property of dispersion. Its warm nature aligns with Spring Yang Qi. Pungent-warm harmonizes with bitter flavors, enhancing dispersion. The world knows only its ability to disperse Wind and kill parasites, not knowing it promotes Yang from the Extreme Yin organ (Liver/Kidney), thus dispersing stagnant Qi and unblocking congealed Blood. The Spleen and Stomach are the source of post-natal Qi and Blood, governed by the Liver. Renzhai stated that treating parasites uniquely relies on this herb, which also regulates Qi and Blood, showing profound insight. Regarding its treatment of uterine wind-deficiency in women, is it not rooted in Qi and Blood deficiency? (The Kidneys store essence received from the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, but the Bao Gong (Uterus) executes its transformation, originating from the Jueyin Wind-Wood transformation. When Qi and Blood are deficient, the Bao Gong has nothing to store, and Wind-Wood lacks nourishment to execute its transformation.)
[Differentiation and Treatment]
Use larger specimens. (Smaller ones are Yu Jia Ren / Elm Seeds). Aged stock is superior. Stir-fry and remove shells; the odor is musky.