处处有之。四五月开赭黄花。六七月结黑褐实。作荚如连珠。奇数者为贵。
实（俗呼槐角）
槐实当分为二。实本出荚中。若捣荚作煎者。当言荚。荚中子大如豆。坚而紫色者。为
实。其用要皆疏导风热而已。（衍义）
苦酸咸寒。气薄味浓。纯阴也。入足厥阴气分。兼入手足阳明经。 主治润肝燥。疏导
风热。久服益气明目。除热泪。头脑心胸间热风烦闷。风眩欲倒。心头吐涎如醉。漾漾如车
船上者。并治口齿风。凉大肠。治五痔疮 。 苦寒纯阴。为凉血要品。 折嫩房角。作汤
代茗。主头风明目补脑。 以子入冬月牛胆中渍之。阴干百日。每食后吞一枚。久之明目通
神。白发返黑。有痔及下血者。尤宜服之。
花
味苦。色黄。气凉。手足阳明足厥阴血分药。 主凉大肠。治肠风泻血。五痔便血血痢
。并崩中漏下。又治胃脘卒痛。杀腹脏蛔虫。 大肠下血。槐花荆芥穗等分。为末。酒服一
钱匕。 又方。柏叶三钱。槐花六钱。煎汤。日服。 又方。槐花枳壳等分。炒存性。为末
。新汲水服二钱。 血崩不止。槐花三两。黄芩二两。为末。每服五钱。酒一碗。铜秤锤一
枚。桑柴火烧红。浸入酒内。调服。忌口。 下血血崩。槐花一两。棕灰五钱。盐一钱。水
三钟。煎减半服。
〔论〕 疏风之剂多燥血。凉血之味未必能疏风。何以凉血疏风。槐花实兼擅其用。盖
因气寒味苦。复有酸咸。苦咸应入血分。况导之以酸。而更合于寒。固是入肝凉血之剂。而
好古乃以为肝经气分药。其义大可参也。周礼四时取火。冬取槐檀。淮南子云。老槐生火。
天元主物簿云。老槐生丹。然则花与实皆曰纯阴者。固纯乎阴之为用。以成其阳之能化也。
所以凉血热。即以疏导风热。风木出地。原乘阴以出而达乎阳者也。不然。槐实之用。何以
上至极顶。而能补脑去头风明目乎。（别录所言益气良不谬）第此乃足厥阴正剂。何以凉大
肠。曰。乙与庚合。是足厥阴之所首及者。试取凉血诸味相较。则此味不独乙庚相合。盖先
有金木相媾之义焉。何则。诸阴不至于首。唯厥阴与督脉会于巅。以其阴中有阳也。督为阳
气之元。肺为阳气之主。风淫为邪。乃阳之戾气也。如血凉而风静。是阴中真阳与天气合和。
所以补脑去头风明目也。既由木而上媾于金矣。肺大肠固为表里。其乙庚相合之用。不更为
亲切乎。 （有因风郁于胃以为大肠病者。以风升属乙木。其气郁于胃而不得达。则应归于
大肠以为病。盖乙庚原相合。而足阳明胃与大肠更相上下也。风病则血病。风之郁者其本。
至血燥以为病者其标。此不宜纯用寒剂。以风升之气。即元气故耳。）夫肝血热甚则风生。
迸入肠胃。以此药对待之。可见其益统归阳明。而于乙庚之合尤切。盖阳明燥金也。燥者阴
欲达而不即达也。风归肠胃。则益其燥。在大肠之主津者尤病。（凡风木不得上达。则其不
能媾于金者。定反而刑土。以其无所归也。风病则血燥。血燥则随风而入肠胃以为病矣。在
血热而化风者亦然。） 甚而燥热合湿。致伤阴阳之络以病血溢。惟兹味由纯阴以凉血。乃
能达其阴而燥平。燥平则阳得合阴以为用。而收令行矣。此肠风泻血所以奏功欤。故花之用
在凉诸血。而下血尤有专功。实结于秋。似得金气而疏导风热为胜。以实之苦逊于花。而咸
亦少逊。不能不稍为差等也。（如不少异。何以肠风黑散。花实并用。）抑花开于夏。何以凉
血较胜。盖当至阳之化育。而得钟纯阴之性味。正与血之原于水而成于火者合也。且气味苦
平。平亦辛也。统悉斯义。可以知其能矣。 又用以凉血。而却为气分药者。阳出于阴中也。
肝为从阴达阳。乃阴气首出之脏。而司风木之化者。此树结实于六七月。时值土金递旺。能
令肝脏血凉。且俾肝气得所养。所以久服而目明且益气也。
槐性苦寒。凡虚寒脾胃作泻。及阴虚血热而非实热者。外证虽同。却不宜服。（仲淳）
〔修治〕 槐实微炒用。 槐花未开时采收。陈久者良。 拣净。酒浸微炒。若以止血。
须
枝
气味苦平。 洗疮及痔核并阴囊下湿痒。 青枝烧沥。涂癣。 黑。揩牙去虫。 八月
断大枝。候生嫩叶。煮汁酿酒。疗大风痿痹甚效。 灸痔法。以槐枝浓煎汤。先洗痔。便以
艾灸其上。七壮。以知为度。昔有患痔乘骡。其痔大剧。状如胡瓜。热气如火。至驿。僵仆
。用此法灸至三五壮。忽觉热气一道入肠中。因大转泻。先血后秽。其痛甚楚。泻后。遂失
胡瓜所在。
胶
气味苦寒。 治一切风。化涎。肝脏风筋脉抽掣。急风口噤。四肢不收顽痹。或毒
风周身如虫行。或破伤风口眼偏斜。腰背强硬。 汤散丸煎。或杂诸药。任用。
处处生长。四五月间开出赭黄色的花。六七月间结出黑褐色的果实。果实呈荚状，像连珠一样。奇数粒的果实更为珍贵。
果实（俗称槐角）
槐实应当分为两部分。果实原本出自荚中，如果捣碎荚皮制成煎膏，应当称为“荚”。荚中的种子大如豆子，坚硬且呈紫色，这才称为“实”。其作用主要在于疏导风热。（出自《本草衍义》）
味苦、酸、咸，性寒。气味轻薄而味道浓厚，属于纯阴之品。入足厥阴肝经气分，兼入手阳明大肠经和手少阳三焦经（注：原文为手足阳明，通常指大肠与胃，此处依原文直译）。主治润燥养肝，疏导风热。长期服用可益气明目，消除热泪。治疗头脑心胸间的热风烦闷，风眩欲倒，心中吐涎如醉酒状，感觉摇晃如同在车船上一般。并治疗口齿风病，清凉大肠，治疗五种痔疮。味苦寒而属纯阴，是凉血的要药。折断嫩枝的角，煮水代茶饮用，主治头风，明目补脑。将种子放入冬季牛的胆中浸泡，阴干一百天，每次饭后吞服一枚，久而久之可明目通神，白发变黑。患有痔疮及便血者，尤其适宜服用。
花
味苦，色黄，气凉。是入手足阳明经和足厥阴经血分的药物。主治清凉大肠，治疗肠风泻血，五种痔疮引起的便血和血痢。并治疗崩中漏下（妇女非经期大量出血或淋漓不断）。又治疗胃脘突发疼痛，杀灭腹脏蛔虫。大肠下血，可用槐花和荆芥穗等量，研为细末，用酒送服一钱匕。另一方，柏叶三钱，槐花六钱，煎汤，每日服用。又一法，槐花和枳壳等量，炒至存性，研为细末，用新汲凉水送服二钱。血崩不止，用槐花三两，黄芩二两，研为细末，每次服用五钱，配酒一碗，铜秤锤一枚，用桑柴火烧红后浸入酒中，调匀服用，需忌口。下血及血崩，用槐花一两，棕榈灰五钱，盐一钱，水三钟，煎至减半后服用。
〔论〕 疏风的药剂大多耗伤血液，凉血的药物未必能疏风。为何槐花既能凉血又能疏风？因为槐花和槐实兼具这两种功效。大概是因为其气寒味苦，又有酸咸之味，苦咸应入血分。况且以酸引导，更合于寒性，这确实是入肝凉血的药剂。但李好古却认为它是肝经气分的药，其中的道理值得参详。《周礼》记载四季取火，冬天取槐檀之火。《淮南子》说，老槐树能生火。《天元主物簿》说，老槐树能产生丹砂。既然这样，花和实都称为纯阴，确实是纯阴的作用，以此来成就阳气化的功能。所以能凉血热，进而疏导风热。风木生于地下，原本依靠阴气而出达于阳。否则，槐实的作用，为何能上达头顶，并能补脑、去除头风、明目的呢？（《名医别录》所说益气确实不错。）但这本是足厥阴肝经的正剂，为何能凉大肠？回答是：乙（肝木）与庚（肺金/大肠金）相合，这是足厥阴肝经首先涉及的领域。试着拿其他凉血的药物相比，这种药不仅符合乙庚相合，更有金木相媾的意义。为什么呢？诸阴之气不到达头部，只有厥阴经与督脉会合于巅顶，因为它阴中有阳。督脉是阳气的本源，肺是阳气的主宰。风邪作为致病因素，是阳气的乖戾之气。如果血液清凉而风邪静止，这就是阴中的真阳与天气和谐合一，所以能补脑、去头风、明目。既然由木而上媾合于金，肺与大肠互为表里，那么乙庚相合的作用，不是更加密切吗？（有因风邪郁结于胃而导致大肠病的，因为风升属于乙木，其气郁结于胃而不能通达，则应归于大肠成为疾病。盖因乙庚原相合，且足阳明胃与大肠上下相连。风病则血病，风邪郁结是本，血燥发病是标。这种情况不宜单纯使用寒凉药剂，因为风升之气即是元气之故。）肝血热甚则生风，风邪侵入肠胃，用此药来对抗它，可见其益处统归阳明，而与乙庚相合尤为切近。因为阳明属燥金。燥，是阴欲通达而不能立即通达的状态。风邪归入肠胃，则加重其燥，在大肠主津液的功能上尤其有害。（凡是风木不能上达，则其不能媾合于金的，必定反过来克制脾土，因为它没有归宿。风病导致血燥，血燥则随风邪进入肠胃成为疾病。在血热化风的情况下也是如此。）甚至燥热与湿邪结合，导致损伤阴阳之络而引发血溢。只有这种药由纯阴来凉血，才能通达其阴而使燥平。燥平则阳能与阴相合发挥作用，收敛之令得以施行。这就是肠风泻血之所以见效的原因。所以槐花的作用在于凉各种血，而下血尤其有专长。槐实结于秋季，似乎得金气而擅长疏导风热。因为其实的苦味逊于花，咸味也稍逊，不得不稍微有所差别。（如果两者没有差异，为什么肠风黑散中花实并用？）再者，槐花开于夏季，为何凉血效果较好？大概是因为在至阳的化育之时，得到了纯阴的性味，正与血源于水而成于火的道理相合。而且气味苦平，平也包含辛意。通晓这些道理，就可以知道它的功效了。又用来凉血，却被认为是气分药，这是因为阳出于阴中。肝是从阴达阳的脏器，是阴气首次发出的脏腑，而主管风木的化生。这棵树在六七月结实，此时正值土金之气交替旺盛，能使肝脏血液清凉，并且使肝气得养，所以长期服用能目明且益气。
槐的性质苦寒。凡是虚寒脾胃导致的腹泻，以及阴虚血热而非实热的情况，虽然外在症状相同，却不适宜服用。（出自徐仲淳）
〔修治〕 槐实微炒后使用。槐花在未开时采收，陈久的更好。拣洗干净，用酒浸泡后微炒。若用于止血，需用……（原文此处似有缺漏或断句，依文意理解为特定炮制方法）。
枝
气味苦平。清洗疮疡及痔核，以及阴囊下部的湿痒。青枝烧出的沥液，涂抹癣疾。黑色枝条，擦拭牙齿可去虫。八月砍断大枝，等待生出嫩叶，煮汁酿酒，治疗大风痿痹非常有效。灸痔法，用槐枝浓煎汤，先清洗痔疮，然后用艾条在其上艾灸，七壮，以感觉有效为度。过去有人患痔疮骑骡子，痔疮发作剧烈，形状像胡瓜，热气如火。到了驿站，突然跌倒。用此法艾灸三到五壮，忽然觉得一股热气进入肠道，于是大大地转泻，先排血后排秽物，疼痛非常剧烈。泻后，痔疮（胡瓜状物）随即消失。
胶
气味苦寒。治疗一切风邪，化解痰涎。治疗肝脏风邪引起的筋脉抽掣，急风口噤，四肢不收的顽痹，或者毒风周身如虫行感，或者破伤风引起口眼歪斜，腰背强硬。汤剂、散剂、丸剂、煎剂，或混合其他药物，随意选用。
It grows everywhere. In the fourth and fifth lunar months, it bears ochre-yellow flowers. In the sixth and seventh lunar months, it produces blackish-brown fruits. The fruits are pods resembling a string of beads. Those with an odd number of seeds are considered superior.
Fruit (commonly known as Huai Jiao / Sophora Fruit)
Sophora fruit should be distinguished into two parts. The fruit originates from within the pod; if the pod is pounded to make a decoction or extract, it should be referred to as "pod." The seeds inside the pod are bean-sized, hard, and purple in color; these are termed "fruit" (seeds). Their primary function is to dissipate wind-heat. (From *Bencao Yan Yi*)
The taste is bitter, sour, and salty; the nature is cold. The qi is light while the flavor is dense, making it purely yin. It enters the qi level of the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian and also connects with the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and Hand-Yangming Stomach Meridian. Its main indications include moistening liver dryness and dissipating wind-heat. Long-term consumption benefits qi, brightens the eyes, and eliminates hot tears. It treats wind-heat causing restlessness and oppression in the head, brain, chest, and heart; dizziness due to wind threatening collapse; salivation resembling drunkenness; and a sensation of swaying as if on a boat or carriage. It also treats oral and dental wind disorders, cools the large intestine, and treats five types of hemorrhoids. Being bitter, cold, and purely yin, it is a crucial herb for cooling blood. Breaking off tender branch tips to brew as tea treats cephalalgia due to wind, brightens the eyes, and nourishes the brain. Soaking the seeds in ox bile during winter, drying them in the shade for one hundred days, and swallowing one seed after each meal can eventually brighten the eyes, enhance spiritual clarity, turn white hair black, and is especially suitable for those with hemorrhoids and lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
Flower
The taste is bitter; the color is yellow; the qi is cool. It is an herb entering the blood level of the Hand-Yangming, Foot-Yangming, and Foot-Jueyin meridians. It treats cooling the large intestine, managing intestinal wind with diarrhea and bleeding, bleeding and bloody dysentery associated with five types of hemorrhoids. It also treats metrorrhagia and leukorrhea (abnormal uterine bleeding). Furthermore, it treats sudden epigastric pain and kills ascariasis (roundworms) in the abdomen and viscera. For lower gastrointestinal bleeding, use equal parts of Sophora flower (*Sophorae Flos*) and Schizonepeta spike (*Schizonepetae Spica*), powder them, and take one qianbi (a small measure) with wine. Another prescription: use three qian of Coptis leaf (*Coptidis Folium* - note: text says Bai Ye/Celtis leaf usually, but context implies hemostatic herbs like Platycodi or similar, strictly translating 'Bai Ye' as Celtis Leaf or commonly interpreted as Hemlock Twig in some contexts, here literal 'Celtis Leaf') and six qian of Sophora flower, decoct in water, and take daily. Another method: use equal parts of Sophora flower and Aurantium fruit (*Aurantii Fructus*), stir-fry until carbonized but retaining efficacy, powder them, and take two qian with fresh well water. For unstoppable metrorrhagia, use three liang of Sophora flower and two liang of Scutellaria root (*Scutellariae Radix*), powder them. Take five qian per dose with one bowl of wine, into which a copper scale weight has been heated red-hot with mulberry wood fire and then immersed; mix and take. Observe dietary restrictions. For lower bleeding and metrorrhagia, use one liang of Sophora flower, five qian of Palm Fiber Ash (*Livistonae Fibra Cinis*), and one qian of salt. Decoct in three zhong of water until reduced by half, then take.
[Discussion]
Wind-dispersing agents are often drying to the blood, and blood-cooling flavors do not necessarily disperse wind. How can Sophora achieve both blood-cooling and wind-dispersing? Both the flower and fruit of Sophora excel in these functions. This is likely because its qi is cold and its taste is bitter, accompanied by sour and salty notes. Bitter and salty flavors enter the blood level. Moreover, guided by sourness and combined with coldness, it is indeed an agent that enters the liver to cool blood. However, Li Haogu considered it an herb for the qi level of the Liver Meridian; this interpretation warrants further study. The *Rites of Zhou* records taking firewood in four seasons, using Huai (Sophora) and Tan (Cedar) in winter. The *Huainanzi* states that old Sophora trees can generate fire. The *Tianyuan Zhu Wu Bu* mentions that old Sophora trees produce cinnabar. Thus, since both flower and fruit are described as purely yin, they utilize pure yin to accomplish the transformation of yang. Therefore, they cool blood heat and thereby dissipate wind-heat. Wind-Wood emerges from the earth, originally relying on yin to reach out to yang. Otherwise, how could the fruit of Sophora reach the very top of the head, nourish the brain, remove cephalalgia due to wind, and brighten the eyes? (The statement in *Mingyi Bielu* regarding benefiting qi is not incorrect.) However, this is primarily a correct agent for the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Why does it cool the large intestine? The answer lies in the combination of Yi (Liver Wood) and Geng (Lung/Large Intestine Metal); this is the primary domain of the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Comparing this herb with other blood-cooling substances reveals not only the Yi-Geng combination but also the interaction between Metal and Wood. Why? Yin qi generally does not reach the head; only the Jueyin meridian meets the Du Mai (Governing Vessel) at the vertex because it contains yang within yin. The Du Mai is the origin of yang qi, and the Lung is the master of yang qi. Wind acting as a pathogen is a rebellious form of yang qi. If blood is cooled and wind is still, the true yang within yin harmonizes with heavenly qi, thus nourishing the brain, removing cephalalgia due to wind, and brightening the eyes. Since Wood interacts upward with Metal, and the Lung and Large Intestine are exterior-interior pairs, the utility of the Yi-Geng combination becomes even more intimate. (In cases where wind stagnates in the Stomach causing Large Intestine disease, wind rising belongs to Yi Wood; its qi stagnates in the Stomach and cannot reach, so it returns to the Large Intestine to cause disease. Since Yi and Geng originally combine, and the Foot-Yangming Stomach and Large Intestine are vertically connected, wind disease involves blood disease. The stagnation of wind is the root, while blood dryness manifesting as disease is the branch. Pure cold agents are unsuitable here because the rising qi of wind is essentially primordial qi.) When Liver blood heat is severe, wind generates and invades the intestines and stomach; using this herb to counteract it shows that its benefits converge on the Yangming meridians, particularly emphasizing the Yi-Geng combination. Yangming represents Dryness-Metal. Dryness is the state where yin desires to reach out but cannot immediately do so. When wind returns to the intestines and stomach, it exacerbates dryness, particularly affecting the Large Intestine's function of governing fluids. (Whenever Wind-Wood fails to ascend, failing to interact with Metal, it inevitably overacts on Earth due to lack of destination. Wind disease leads to blood dryness, which then follows wind into the intestines and stomach to cause disease. The same applies when blood heat transforms into wind.) Severe cases involve dryness-heat combining with dampness, damaging the collaterals of yin and yang and causing blood extravasation. Only this herb, cooling blood through pure yin, can penetrate yin and calm dryness. Once dryness is calmed, yang can combine with yin to function, allowing the Metal season's contracting energy to proceed. This explains why it is effective for intestinal wind with bleeding. Thus, the flower's function lies in cooling various types of blood, with specific efficacy for lower bleeding. The fruit matures in autumn, seemingly acquiring Metal qi to excel in dissipating wind-heat. Because its bitterness is inferior to the flower, and its saltiness is slightly less, there is a slight difference in potency. (If there were no difference, why are both flower and fruit used in *Changfeng Heisan*?) Furthermore, the flower blooms in summer, yet cools blood more effectively. This is because, during the peak of yang's generative power, it acquires a purely yin nature and flavor, aligning with the principle that blood originates from water and is formed by fire. Additionally, its taste is bitter and neutral; neutrality implies pungency. Understanding these principles allows one to grasp its capabilities. Although used to cool blood, it is considered a qi-level agent because yang emerges from within yin. The Liver is the organ that transitions from yin to yang, being the first organ where yin qi emerges, and it governs the transformation of Wind-Wood. This tree bears fruit in the sixth and seventh months, when Earth and Metal qi are sequentially prosperous. It cools Liver blood and nourishes Liver qi, explaining why long-term consumption brightens the eyes and benefits qi.
Sophora is bitter and cold. It is unsuitable for diarrhea caused by deficiency-cold in the Spleen and Stomach, or for yin-deficiency with blood heat that is not excess-heat. Even if external symptoms appear similar, it should not be taken. (Xu Zhongchun)
[Preparation]
Sophora fruit is used after slight stir-frying. Harvest Sophora flowers before they bloom; aged ones are better. Pick clean, soak in wine, and slightly stir-fry. If used for stopping bleeding, specific preparation is required... [Text fragment].
Branches
The taste is bitter and neutral. Used for washing sores, hemorrhoidal nodes, and pruritus under the scrotum. Leachate from burning green branches applied to tinea. Black branches rubbed on teeth remove worms. Cut large branches in the eighth month; wait for tender leaves to grow, decoct in water to make wine, which is highly effective for treating severe wind-induced flaccidity and bi-syndrome. Moxibustion for hemorrhoids: decoct Sophora branches strongly, wash the hemorrhoid first, then apply moxibustion above it. Seven moxa cones, sufficient until effect is felt. There was once a patient riding a mule whose hemorrhoids became severe, shaped like a cucumber, with intense heat like fire. Upon reaching a relay station, he collapsed. Using this moxibustion method for three to seven cones, he suddenly felt a stream of heat enter his intestines, followed by severe diarrhea, passing blood first then feces. After the diarrhea, the "cucumber-shaped" hemorrhoid disappeared.
Gum (Resin)
The taste is bitter and cold. Treats all types of wind, resolves phlegm-fluids. Treats Liver wind causing tendon spasms, acute facial paralysis with locked jaw, limbs unable to move, stubborn bi-syndrome, toxic wind causing sensations of insects crawling over the body, or traumatic tetanus with deviation of the mouth and eye, and stiffness of the waist and back. Use in decoctions, powders, pills, or extracts, either alone or mixed with other herbs, as appropriate.