产于川西松州。其味甘故名。
根味甘。气温平。主治恶气。卒心腹痛满。下气。（开宝）理元气。去气郁。（海藏）芳
香能开脾郁。少入脾胃药中。甚醒脾气。（濒湖）肾虚齿痛。甘松硫黄等分为末。泡汤漱之。
神效。
〔论〕海藏以甘松理元气而去气郁。似不徒芳香擅醒脾之功。阅准绳治溲血方。以桑寄
生为君。熟地茯苓为臣。而兹味逐队为佐。且云此方处剂。乃补夫血之乘虚而妄行者。是兹
味之为元气地。初不外于阳生阴中。藉之斡旋。以俾流行也。岂仅香能醒脾而已哉。
其草冬夏不凋。其子圆大如白牵牛子。其壳白浓。其仁如缩砂仁。
气味香辣辛凉。性大温。味薄气浓。轻清而升。阳也。浮也。入手太阴。亦入足阳明经。
主治胸中冷气。荡散肺中滞气。宽膈进食。治胃冷食即欲吐。除脾虚疟疾呕吐寒热。（能消
能磨。流行三焦。营卫一转。诸证自平。）去白睛翳膜。（白睛翳膜。乃肺气虚寒故耳。若红
膜不宜用。）方书治痞。反胃胀满。积聚呕吐呃逆。心痛胃脘痛。肩背痛痹。消瘅
大便不通。中气中恶。白蔻仁别有清高之气。可理上焦元气而收脱气。能益上焦
清气中之火。开郁结。消食积。除寒退风。佐血药能通润大小肠。使气得周流。血自浸润。
如阳过盛者。用寒凉降之。佐此以掣行周身。则寒凉不滞于中。而邪气自退。正气不损。（陆
养愚）得人参生姜橘皮藿香。治胃虚反胃。及因寒呕吐。得陈夏苓。加生姜白术。治寒痰停
胃。作呕吐似反胃。得陈皮白术蒺藜决明甘菊密蒙花木贼
藿香陈皮木香。理上焦滞气。加乌药香附紫苏。治妇人一切气逆不和。佐参术姜橘。治秋深
疟发。寒多热少。呕吐胃弱。饮食不进。太仓丸。治脾虚反胃。白蔻砂仁各二两。丁香一两。
陈廪米一升。黄土同炒焦。去土。研细。姜汁和丸。梧
〔总论〕白豆蔻 草豆蔻 肉豆蔻 草果。按草实中。凡名豆蔻者三。皆南方所产。其
形色功能。各有同异。而时宜状类。未能历稽。聊各就其气味而区别之。夫天地间惟是水火
二气。为物生之主。寒热者水火之气。若温凉则水火之由渐而盛者。不可不细察也。气之所
附者味。而味之所由生者气。即味以细为酌量。则亦可知其气矣。白豆蔻味辛而绝无苦意。
是专乎金气也。细味之先香辣而散。后微辣而凉。辛而凉者金之气也。（故宜入手太阴）即
香辣转为辛凉。则所谓大温者是。而犹非辛热也。故其的治。入肺而效温冷散滞之用。亦兼
温胃者。胃气上至于肺。肺气即下入于胃也。草豆蔻味先微苦而即辣。后辣中又微有淡甜。
夫苦属火味。是不专乎金也。由火中之金气而有归于土之意。（故宜入阳明胃及太阴脾）则
所谓热者或者。似不止于温也。故其的治。入中土而效祛积寒除胃痛之用。肉豆蔻先苦多于
辣。后辣盛于苦。苦尽带微辣微凉。是始而从火中之金气。终而专金中之肃气。（故宜入手
足阳明）其用更切于大肠。夫以火始。而以金终。则止为辛温。不可谓其辛热也。故其的治。
由中土而大效收令之用。草果之味。极其辛辣而不散。其气猛而臭。近于斑蝥。谓之大辛大
热。又
〔论〕白蔻仁散冷化滞。何以能收脱气。盖此味先香辣而散。而微辣。而凉。夫辛而凉
者金。正合于阳中少阴。由天而渐至于地之气也。使能升散而不能降收。可谓得秋金之气而
入肺乎。故因寒滞气。入此味于温补中。固为正治。即剂合寒热。而亦入此味者。以其能和
寒热之气而无不宜。（其草冬夏不凋故寒热胥宜）且正合于阳中少阴。能升散而即能降收。
或逐队于升散之阳。而阴未尝不存乎其中。或逐队于降收之阴。而阳已先为主于内。推之寒
热并投。而措无不宜。所以谓其补肺气。理脾胃元气。且收脱气也。
凡作呕因于火升。腹痛因于火热者。忌用。（仲淳）
〔修治〕药煎成。方炒研。入一二沸即起。为丸。待诸药细末后。方研入。勿隔宿。
产于四川西部松州。因其味甘，所以得名。
根部味甘。药性气温平。主治恶气。突然发生的心腹疼痛胀满。下气。（出自《开宝本草》）调理元气。消除气郁。（出自张元素《珍珠囊补遗药性赋》，世称海藏）芳香能够开通脾郁。少量加入脾胃药中，非常能醒脾。（出自李时珍《本草纲目》，世称濒湖）肾虚导致的齿痛，将甘松与硫黄等分研为末，用汤泡漱口腔。效果神奇。
〔论〕张元素认为甘松能理元气而去气郁，似乎不仅仅依靠芳香来发挥醒脾的功效。查阅《医学准绳六要》治疗溲血（尿血）的方子，以桑寄生为君药，熟地黄、茯苓为臣药，而甘松作为佐药跟随其中。并且说这个处方的用意，是补助那些因血虚而妄行的血。这说明甘松对于元气的作用，起初并不脱离“阳生阴中”的道理，借助它来斡旋，以使气血流行。难道仅仅只是香气能醒脾罢了？
这种草冬夏不凋谢。它的种子圆大如白牵牛子。外壳白色浓厚。仁像缩砂仁（砂仁）。
气味香辣辛凉。药性大温。味薄气浓。轻清而上升，属阳。浮。入入手太阴肺经，也入足阳明胃经。
主治胸中冷气。荡散肺中的滞气。宽膈进食。治疗胃冷导致的食物欲吐。消除脾虚疟疾引起的呕吐寒热。（它能消积磨滞，流行三焦，营卫一转，各种病症自然平息。）去除白睛翳膜。（白睛翳膜，是因为肺气虚寒所致。如果是红膜则不宜使用。）医书治疗痞证、反胃胀满、积聚呕吐呃逆、心痛胃脘痛、肩背痛痹、消渴大便不通、中气中恶。白蔻仁别有清高之气，可以调理上焦元气而收敛脱气。能益上焦清气中的火，开郁结，消食积，除寒退风。辅助血药能通润大小肠，使气得以周流，血自然浸润。如果阳气过盛，用寒凉药降之，辅助此药以牵引运行周身，则寒凉药不会停滞于中，邪气自然消退，正气不损。（出自陆养愚）得人参、生姜、橘皮、藿香，治疗胃虚反胃，以及因寒呕吐。得陈皮、半夏、茯苓，加生姜、白术，治疗寒痰停胃，作呕吐似反胃。得陈皮、白术、蒺藜、决明、甘菊、密蒙花、木贼、藿香、陈皮、木香，调理上焦滞气。加乌药、香附、紫苏，治疗妇人一切气逆不和。辅助人参、白术、生姜、橘皮，治疗深秋疟疾发作，寒多热少，呕吐胃弱，饮食不进。太仓丸，治疗脾虚反胃。白蔻、砂仁各二两，丁香一两，陈廪米一升，黄土同炒焦，去土，研细，姜汁和丸。梧（此处原文似有缺漏或断句问题，依文意推测为丸剂规格或后续步骤，但原文仅止于此字，故直译或略过不可考部分，此处保留原意结构）
〔总论〕白豆蔻、草豆蔻、肉豆蔻、草果。按：果实中，凡是名为豆蔻的有三种，都是南方所产。它们的形色功能，各有同异，而时令适宜状况类似，未能一一考证。姑且各自从它们的气味来区别它们。天地间只有水火二气，是万物生长的主宰。寒热是水火之气，若温凉则是水火之气由渐而盛的结果，不可不仔细考察。气所依附的是味，而味之所以产生的是气。即通过味来细细酌量，也就可知其气了。白豆蔻味辛而绝无苦意，是专属于金气。细细品味，先香辣而散，后微辣而凉。辛而凉是金的气。（所以宜入手太阴肺经）即香辣转为辛凉，那么所谓的大温就是如此，而还不是辛热。所以它的确实疗效，入肺而发挥温冷散滞的作用，也兼温胃。胃气上至于肺，肺气即下入于胃。草豆蔻味先微苦而即辣，后辣中又微有淡甜。苦属火味，是不专属于金的。由火中的金气而有归于土的意思。（所以宜入阳明胃及太阴脾）那么所谓的热，或许不止于温。所以它的确实疗效，入中土而发挥祛积寒除胃痛的作用。肉豆蔻先苦多于辣，后辣盛于苦。苦尽带微辣微凉，是开始从火中的金气，最终专于金中的肃气。（所以宜入手足阳明经）它的作用更切于大肠。以火始，而以金终，那么只是辛温，不可说是辛热。所以它的确实疗效，由中土而大大发挥收令的作用。草果的味道，极其辛辣而不散。它的气猛而臭，近于斑蝥。称为大辛大热。又
〔论〕白蔻仁散冷化滞，为什么能收脱气？大概这种药先香辣而散，然后微辣，然后凉。辛而凉者是金，正合于阳中少阴，是由天而渐至于地的气。如果能升散而不能降收，可以说得到秋金之气而入肺吗？所以因寒滞气，将此药加入温补中，固然是正治。即使药剂配合寒热，也加入此药，因为它能调和寒热之气而无不宜。（它的草冬夏不凋，所以寒热都适宜）而且正合于阳中少阴，能升散而即能降收。或者跟随在升散的阳药队中，而阴未尝不在其中；或者跟随在降收的阴药队中，而阳已先在内部为主。推演到寒热并投，而措置无不宜。所以谓其补肺气，理脾胃元气，且收脱气。
凡作呕因于火升，腹痛因于火热者，忌用。（出自缪希雍，世称仲淳）
〔修治〕药煎成后，才炒研。入一二沸即起。做丸剂。待其他药细末后，才研入。不要隔宿。
Produced in Songzhou, western Sichuan. It is named for its sweet taste.
The root has a sweet taste and a neutral temperature. It treats foul odors, sudden abdominal pain and fullness, and directs Qi downward. (Kaibao Bencao) It regulates Yuan Qi (Original Qi) and removes Qi stagnation. (Zhang Yuansu/Haizang) The aromatic property can open Spleen depression. When added in small amounts to formulas for the Spleen and Stomach, it greatly awakens Spleen Qi. (Li Shizhen/Binhu) For toothache due to Kidney deficiency, mix equal parts of Gan Song Xiang (Nardostachys Rhizome) and Liu Huang (Sulfur) into powder, soak in decoction and rinse; this is miraculous.
[Discussion] Zhang Yuansu believes that Gan Song Xiang regulates Yuan Qi and removes Qi stagnation, suggesting it does not merely rely on its aromatic property to awaken the Spleen. Reviewing the formula for hematuria (blood in urine) in *Yixue Zhunsheng*, Sang Ji Sheng (Taxilli Herba) is used as the Sovereign herb, with Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) and Fu Ling (Poria) as Ministers, while Gan Song Xiang follows as an Assistant. It is stated that the intent of this prescription is to tonify blood that wanders recklessly due to deficiency. This indicates that Gan Song Xiang, as the foundation of Yuan Qi, initially adheres to the principle of "Yang generating Yin," using it to mediate so that circulation may flow freely. Is it merely about aroma awakening the Spleen?
This herb remains evergreen in winter and summer. Its seeds are round and large, like those of Bai Qian Niu (Convolvulus). The shell is thick and white. The kernel resembles Suo Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus Rotundus).
The odor is spicy, fragrant, acrid, and cool. The nature is greatly warm. The taste is thin but the Qi is dense; it is light, clear, and ascending, belonging to Yang and floating. It enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and also the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It treats cold Qi in the chest, disperses stagnant Qi in the Lungs, widens the diaphragm to promote appetite, treats vomiting after eating due to Stomach cold, and eliminates vomiting and chills/fevers caused by Spleen deficiency malaria. (It can digest and grind, circulating through the San Jiao; once Ying and Wei circulate, all symptoms subside.) It removes nebulae on the white of the eye. (Nebulae on the white of the eye are due to Lung Qi deficiency and cold. If the membrane is red, it should not be used.) Medical texts treat obstruction syndromes, regurgitation, bloating, accumulation, vomiting, hiccups, heart pain, epigastric pain, shoulder and back bi-syndrome, wasting-thirst with constipation, Qi strike from evil influences. Bai Dou Kou Ren (Cardamomi Fructus) possesses a pure and lofty Qi; it can regulate Upper Jiao Yuan Qi and secure escaping Qi. It benefits the fire within the clear Qi of the Upper Jiao, opens depression and knots, resolves food accumulation, dispels cold and expels wind. When assisting Blood-invigorating herbs, it can unblock and moisten the Large and Small Intestines, allowing Qi to circulate fully and Blood to nourish naturally. If Yang is excessive, use cooling herbs to descend it; assist this herb to pull circulation throughout the body, then the cooling herbs will not stagnate in the middle, pathogenic Qi will recede, and Healthy Qi will not be damaged. (Lu Yangyu) Combined with Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), and Huo Xiang (Agastaches Herba), it treats Stomach deficiency regurgitation and vomiting due to cold. Combined with Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Fu Ling (Poria), plus Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), it treats cold-phlegm retained in the Stomach causing vomiting resembling regurgitation. Combined with Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus), Jue Ming Zi (Cassiae Semen), Gan Ju (Chrysanthemi Flos), Mi Meng Hua (Buddlejae Flos), Mu Zei (Equiseti Herba), Huo Xiang (Agastaches Herba), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), and Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), it regulates stagnant Qi in the Upper Jiao. Add Wu Yao (Linderae Radix), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma), and Zi Su (Perillae Folium) to treat all cases of Qi reversal and disharmony in women. Assist with Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) to treat malaria occurring late in autumn, with more chills than fever, vomiting, weak Stomach, and poor appetite. Tai Cang Wan treats Spleen deficiency regurgitation. Bai Dou Kou (Cardamomi Fructus) and Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus) each 2 liang, Ding Xiang (Caryophylli Flos) 1 liang, Chen Bin Mi (Oryza Sativa) 1 sheng, stir-fried together with Yellow Earth until scorched, remove earth, grind finely, mix with Ginger Juice to make pills.
[General Discussion] Bai Dou Kou (Cardamomi Fructus), Cao Dou Kou (Amomi Fructus), Rou Dou Kou (Myristicae Semen), Cao Guo (Tsaoko Fructus). Note: Among fruits, there are three named Dou Kou, all produced in the South. Their appearance, color, and functions have similarities and differences, and their seasonal suitability and morphological similarities have not been thoroughly investigated. Here we distinguish them based on their taste and Qi. In the world, only Water and Fire Qi are the masters of generation. Cold and Heat are the Qi of Water and Fire; Wen (Warmth) and Liang (Coolness) are the gradual intensification of Water and Fire Qi, which must be carefully observed. The Qi attaches to Taste, and Taste arises from Qi. By carefully measuring the Taste, one can know the Qi. Bai Dou Kou tastes Acrid and lacks any Bitterness, thus specializing in Metal Qi. Tasting carefully, it is first spicy-fragrant and dispersing, later slightly acrid and cool. Acrid and cool is the Qi of Metal. (Thus suitable for entering the Hand-Taiyin [Lung]). Turning from spicy-fragrant to acrid-cool, this is what is called "Great Warmth," yet it is not Acrid-Hot. Therefore, its specific efficacy enters the Lung to effect the warming of cold and dispersing of stagnation, and also warms the Stomach. Stomach Qi ascends to the Lung, and Lung Qi descends into the Stomach. Cao Dou Kou tastes slightly Bitter first, then Acrid; later, amidst the Acrid, there is a slight sweet blandness. Bitter belongs to Fire Taste, so it does not specialize in Metal. From the Metal Qi within Fire, there is an intention to return to Earth. (Thus suitable for entering the Yangming Stomach and Taiyin Spleen). Thus, what is called "Hot" might be more than just Warm. Therefore, its specific efficacy enters the Middle Earth to effect the removal of accumulated cold and relief of stomach pain. Rou Dou Kou (Myristicae Semen) is Bitter more than Acrid at first, then Acrid exceeds Bitter; when Bitter ends, it carries slight Acridity and Coolness. It begins following the Metal Qi within Fire and ends specializing in the肃 (Restraining) Qi of Metal. (Thus suitable for entering the Hand and Foot Yangming). Its action is closer to the Large Intestine. Beginning with Fire and ending with Metal, it is merely Acrid-Warm, not Acrid-Hot. Therefore, its specific efficacy, from the Middle Earth, greatly effects the function of Autumn's Restriction. Cao Guo (Tsaoko Fructus) tastes extremely spicy and pungent without dispersing; its Qi is fierce and malodorous, close to Ban Mao (Mylabris), described as Great Acrid and Great Hot, and...
[Discussion] How can Bai Kou Ren disperse cold and resolve stagnation yet secure escaping Qi? This herb is first spicy-fragrant and dispersing, then slightly acrid, then cool. Acrid and cool is Metal, fitting perfectly with "Shao Yin within Yang," the Qi moving from Heaven gradually to Earth. If it could ascend and disperse but not descend and secure, could it be said to obtain the Qi of Autumn Metal and enter the Lung? Therefore, for cold-stagnant Qi, adding this herb to warming-tonifying formulas is indeed the correct treatment. Even in formulas combining Cold and Heat, this herb is included because it can harmonize Cold and Heat Qi without impropriety. (Since the herb remains evergreen, both Cold and Heat are suitable). Moreover, it fits "Shao Yin within Yang," capable of ascending/dispersing and simultaneously descending/securing. Whether following the ascending/dispersing Yang, Yin is never absent within it; or following the descending/securing Yin, Yang is already master within. Extending this, when Cold and Heat are administered together, placement is always appropriate. Hence it is said to tonify Lung Qi, regulate Spleen and Stomach Yuan Qi, and secure escaping Qi.
For vomiting due to Fire rising, or abdominal pain due to Fire-Heat, avoid using. (Zhongchun)
[Processing] After the decoction is prepared, stir-fry and grind. Add to boiling water for one or two boils, then remove. Make into pills. Wait until all other herbs are ground into fine powder, then grind this in. Do not leave overnight.