其根以众瓣合成。故名。类有三种。叶短而阔。微似竹叶。白花四垂者。百合也。叶
而狭。尖如柳叶四月开红花。不四垂者。山丹也。茎叶似山丹而高。秋开红花带黄而四垂
上有黑点。其子入夏先结在枝叶间者。卷丹也。
味甘微苦。气平。入手太阴少阴。并入手阳明经。保肺止嗽。养五脏。补中气。渗利和
中。
气之故
麦冬百部桑皮薏仁枇杷叶。治肺热咳嗽。及吐脓血。同麦冬白芍甘草木通。利大小便。 同
知母柴胡竹叶。治寒热邪气通身疼痛。 同白芍炙草麦冬五味。补中益气。 同白芍茯苓车
前子桑白皮
〔论〕 百合之功在益气。而兼之利气。在养正而更能去邪。故李氏谓为渗利和中之美
药。
府精
气不
中寒者勿服。（仲淳）
一名鱼腥草。生下湿地。其叶似荇而腥气。其状三角。一边红。一边青。
叶
味辛。气微温。有小毒。阴中之阳。入手太阴经。 治痰热壅肺。发而为痈。时吐脓血
。又为痔疮必须之药。 肺主气。此味辛温能散。故治痰热壅肺。肺与大肠为表里。大肠湿
热甚。则为痔疮。得辛温之气。则大肠清宁。治肺痈。用鱼腥草捣汁。入年久芥菜卤。饮之
神效。 痔疮肿痛。鱼腥草一握。煎汤熏洗。仍以渣敷即愈。多食令人气喘。发虚弱。损阳
气。发香港脚等害。慎之慎之。（仲淳）
百合的根部由多片鳞瓣合成，因此得名。百合类共有三种：叶片短而宽阔，形状略微像竹叶，花朵白色且向下垂挂的是百合；叶片狭长，尖端如柳叶，四月开红花且不向下垂挂的是山丹；茎叶与山丹相似但植株更高，秋季开带黄色的红花且向下垂挂，花上有黑点，其果实夏季先在枝叶间结出的是卷丹。
百合味甘，略带苦味，药性平和，归入手太阴肺经和手少阴心经，同时也归入手阳明大肠经。具有保肺止咳、滋养五脏、补益中气、渗湿利水及调和脾胃的功效。
（百合）常与麦冬、百部、桑白皮、薏苡仁、枇杷叶配伍，用于治疗肺热咳嗽以及咳吐脓血。（百合）同麦冬、白芍、甘草、木通配伍，可通利大小便。（百合）同知母、柴胡、竹叶配伍，可治疗寒热往来邪气及全身疼痛。（百合）同白芍、炙甘草、麦冬、五味子配伍，可补益中气。（百合）同白芍、茯苓、车前子、桑白皮配伍……
【论述】百合的功效在于益气，同时兼有利气的作用；在于扶助正气，同时更能祛除邪气。所以李氏称其为渗湿利水、调和脾胃的美药。
若中焦受寒者不宜服用。（仲淳评注）
蕺菜又名鱼腥草，生长在潮湿之地。其叶片形状像荇菜且有腥味，呈三角形，一边红色，一边青色。
蕺菜味辛，药性微温，有小毒，属于阴中之阳，归入手太阴肺经。主治痰热壅滞于肺，进而引发肺痈，时常咳吐脓血。它也是治疗痔疮的必备药物。肺主气，此药味辛性温能发散，故能治疗痰热壅肺。肺与大肠相表里，大肠湿热严重时，就会形成痔疮。凭借辛温之气，可使大肠清宁。治疗肺痈时，将鱼腥草捣取汁液，加入存放多年的芥菜卤水中饮用，效果神奇。对于痔疮肿痛，用一把鱼腥草煎汤熏洗患处，并将药渣敷在患处即可痊愈。多食鱼腥草会导致气喘、身体虚弱、损伤阳气，并诱发香港脚等危害，务必谨慎。（仲淳评注）
The root of *Lilium brownii* (Baihe, Lily Bulb) is composed of multiple fleshy scales, hence its name. There are three varieties: the one with short and broad leaves slightly resembling bamboo leaves, white flowers hanging downwards, is Baihe; the one with narrow leaves pointed like willow leaves, blooming red flowers in April that do not hang downwards, is Shandan (Mountain Dan); the one with stems and leaves similar to Shandan but taller, blooming yellowish-red flowers with black spots hanging downwards in autumn, whose seeds form first among the branches and leaves in summer, is Juandan (Curled Lily).
Baihe tastes sweet with a slight bitterness, has a neutral nature, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian, and also enters the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. It protects the lungs, stops coughing, nourishes the five zang organs, tonifies middle qi, promotes diuresis, and harmonizes the middle jiao.
(Baihe) combined with Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Baibu (Stemonae Radix), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex), Yiren (Coicis Semen), and Pipaye (Loquat Leaf) treats lung-heat cough and expectoration of pus and blood. Combined with Maidong, Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), and Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), it promotes urination for both large and small amounts. Combined with Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), and Zhuye (Bambusae Folium), it treats alternating chills and fever, pathogenic factors, and whole-body pain. Combined with Baishao, Zhigancao (Prepared Licorice Root), Maidong, and Wuwei Zi (Schisandrae Fructus), it tonifies middle qi. Combined with Baishao, Fuling (Poria), Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen), and Sangbaipi...
[Discussion] The efficacy of Baihe lies in benefiting qi while simultaneously promoting the movement of qi; in nourishing righteousness (zheng qi) while further eliminating pathogens. Therefore, Li stated it as an excellent medicine for promoting diuresis and harmonizing the middle jiao.
Those with cold in the middle jiao should not take it. (Comment by Zhongchun)
Ji Cai (Houttuynia) is also known as Yuxingcao (Houttuyniae Herba). It grows in damp places. Its leaves resemble those of *Nymphoides peltata* (Xingcai) and have a fishy odor. The shape is triangular, with one side red and the other green.
Yuxingcao tastes pungent, has a slightly warm nature, and possesses slight toxicity. It belongs to yang within yin and enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. It treats phlegm-heat congesting the lungs, which develops into lung abscess (Feiyong), characterized by frequent expectoration of pus and blood. It is also an essential herb for treating hemorrhoids. The lung governs qi; this herb's pungent and warm nature can disperse, thus treating phlegm-heat congesting the lungs. The lung and large intestine are exterior-interior partners. When damp-heat in the large intestine is severe, hemorrhoids occur. With its pungent-warm qi, it clears and calms the large intestine. To treat lung abscess, crush Yuxingcao to extract juice, mix with aged mustard brine, and drink it for miraculous effect. For swollen and painful hemorrhoids, boil a handful of Yuxingcao for decoction to fumigate and wash the area, then apply the dregs topically for immediate healing. Excessive consumption causes asthma, physical weakness, damages yang qi, and triggers conditions such as gout (Xianggangjiao). Exercise caution. (Comment by Zhongchun)