大辛。气热。纯阳。无毒。气味俱浓。阳中之阳。入手足阳明经。下气快膈。主心腹
冷痛。霍乱呕吐。胃口虚寒。冷气刺痛。宿食不消。大肠寒滑亦可用。（须以他药佐之。过
剂则走气。）杀一切鱼肉鳖蕈毒故食料多用之。去胃中寒痰。食已则吐水。（或寒痰冷积。四
体如冰。）甚验。辛走气。热助火。惟宜于肠胃寒湿之病。（濒湖）噎膈证或因酒得。或因气
得。或因胃火。三阳既结。食必上潮。然亦有食入反出无火之证。又有痰气郁结得辛热暂开
之证。不必一例禁予胡椒。（又）心下大痛。（此即胃脘当心而痛。非心痛也。）胡椒五分。
没
营
米
〔论〕 胡椒。非椒也。因其辛辣似椒。故得椒名。产于南荒。亦结实于大火司令时。
但与
凡阴虚血分有热。咳嗽吐血。咽干口渴。热气暴冲。目昏口臭。齿浮鼻衄。肠风脏毒。
痔漏
常食之
〔修治〕 内无皱壳者力大。石槽中研末用。
与胡椒一类二种。海南诸番皆有之。蔓生。春开白花。夏结黑实。似梧子微大
蒂圆。又一说。向阳者胡椒。向阴者为澄茄。
气味辛苦。微温。下气消食。治一切冷气痰癖。暖脾胃。止呕吐哕逆。并霍乱吐泻腹痛。
及
胃
愈后。服平胃散三百帖。（一证吐黑水。水中有似绿草者。此肝肾阳虚极。而见木脏之色也
。即兹方之治。可参。）伤寒呃逆。日夜不定者。用荜澄茄良姜各等分。为末。每服二钱。
水六分。煎十沸。入醋少许服之。（此属寒证。阴盛呃逆也。如属阳逆。投之则危。须审
之。）鼻塞不通。由肺气上攻而致者。荜澄茄五钱。薄荷叶三钱。荆芥穗一钱半。为末。蜜
丸芡子大。时时含咽。
〔论〕 荜澄茄疗肾气膀胱冷。少类于蜀椒。治阴逆下气塞。少类于吴萸。以温为补。
洵属
夫
所
观治鼻塞之荜澄茄丸。则其归肾而温及膀胱也。乃阳出地中。所谓根于极下。际于极上者。
方书用荜澄茄温补下气。如菟丝子丸。治伤劳倦致肾气虚。并以疗肾虚之暴嗽也。如藿香养
胃汤。治阳明胃虚。宗筋无所养。遂成痿证。又如育气汤。治不能食。用以通流百脉。调畅
脾元。补中脘。益气海。祛阴寒。止腹痛。进饮食。此温补而亦藉其稍助于下气者也。如沉
附汤。治诸逆冲上。气急甚不能眠卧者。用附子为君。沉香辣桂澄茄补阳而归之。少借香附
助其下行。又如青木香丸。治胸膈噎塞。气滞不行。呕哕痰逆。不思饮食。其责效在同于下
气之剂。但借澄茄助故纸以归肾气而行之。为诸下气者之枢也。至于中满分消之治寒胀。以
温中下寒逆为君。祛痰行气为臣。佐辛热以益肾气。理中气。却有升清降浊之味。导其气之
滞。且入连柏于中。以泻寒不散而郁化之热。俾之从辛热以消。此不专取其温补。而更藉
其下气者也。更有生津甘露饮。治膈消大渴饮水无度。舌上赤裂。小便数。方中折热补气。
用石膏为君。连柏知栀泻热补水为臣。归杏麦翘全蝎白葵花兰香。和血润燥为佐。升柴行经
。澄茄白蔻木藿反佐以取之。此方治热用寒。兼入热剂。前方治寒用温。兼入寒剂。一皆不
舍澄茄。然则此味虽曰温补。其于气分。似能行而利之。有妙于寒热之先者矣。
〔修治〕 去柄及皱皮。酒浸。蒸半日。细杵。
胡椒：味大辛，气热，属纯阳之品，无毒。气味都非常浓厚，是阳中之阳。归入手经和足经的阳明经。能下气宽中，主治心腹冷痛、霍乱呕吐、胃口虚寒、冷气刺痛、宿食不消化。大肠寒滑证也可以使用。（但必须配合其他药物辅助使用，过量服用会耗散正气。）因为能杀灭各种鱼肉鳖菌类的毒素，所以烹饪调料中多用它。能去除胃中的寒痰，解决进食后吐清水的问题。（如果是寒痰冷积导致四肢冰冷如冰的情况），效果非常显著。辛味走气，热性助火，只适宜用于肠胃寒湿的病证。（李时珍语）噎膈证（吞咽困难，胸膈阻塞）有的因饮酒引起，有的因气滞引起，有的因胃火引起，三阳经邪气结聚，食物必然上泛反出。然而也有食物吃进去反而吐出来，属于无火证的。又有因痰气郁结，用辛热药暂时开通的证候，不必一概禁止使用胡椒。（又论）心下部剧烈疼痛。（这就是胃脘部当心而痛，不是真心痛。）胡椒五分，没药、营米……
【论述】胡椒，并不是花椒。因为它的辛辣味道像花椒，所以得名“椒”。产于南方荒远之地，也在大火当令的季节结实。但是凡阴虚血分有热者，咳嗽吐血，咽干口渴，热气突然上冲，目昏口臭，牙齿浮动，鼻出血，肠风脏毒，痔漏等症，常食之……
【修治】内部没有皱壳的效力大，在石槽中研成粉末使用。
荜澄茄：与胡椒同类但不同种，海南各番邦都有生长。蔓生植物，春天开白花，夏天结黑色果实，比梧桐子稍大，蒂头圆形。另一种说法认为，向阳生长的叫胡椒，向阴生长的叫澄茄。
气味辛苦，微温。能下气消食，治疗一切冷气痰癖，温暖脾胃，止呕吐呃逆，以及霍乱吐泻腹痛。及……胃……痊愈后，服用平胃散三百帖。（有一例患者吐出黑水，水中似有绿草状物，这是肝肾阳气极度虚弱，显现出木脏的颜色。由此方的治疗，可以参悟。）伤寒引起的呃逆，日夜不定的，用荜澄茄、高良姜各等分，研为细末，每次服用二钱，加水六分，煎煮十沸，加入少许醋服用。（这属于寒证，阴盛导致的呃逆。如果属于阳逆，投用此方则危险，必须仔细审察。）鼻塞不通，由肺气上攻导致的，用荜澄茄五钱，薄荷叶三钱，荆芥穗一钱半，研为细末，蜜丸如芡子大小，时时含服咽下。
【论述】荜澄茄治疗肾气和膀胱寒冷，稍微类似蜀椒；治疗阴逆下气塞滞，稍微类似吴茱萸。以温补为补益，确实属于……夫……所……观察治疗鼻塞的荜澄茄丸，可知其归肾并温暖膀胱。乃是阳气出于地中，所谓根于极下，际于极上的道理。医书用荜澄茄温补下气，如菟丝子丸，治疗因伤劳倦导致肾气虚，同时也治疗肾虚引起的暴嗽。如藿香养胃汤，治疗阳明胃虚，宗筋无所滋养，遂成痿证。又如育气汤，治疗不能进食，用以通流百脉，调畅脾元，补中脘，益气海，祛阴寒，止腹痛，增进饮食。这是温补且也借助其稍助于下气的方剂。如沉附汤，治疗诸逆气冲上，气急甚不能眠卧者，用附子为君药，沉香、辣桂、澄茄补阳而归之，少借香附助其下行。又如青木香丸，治疗胸膈噎塞，气滞不行，呕哕痰逆，不思饮食，其取效在于同于下气的方剂，只是借助澄茄帮助故纸（补骨脂）以归肾气而行之，作为诸下气药的枢纽。至于中满分消汤治疗寒胀，以温中下寒逆为君药，祛痰行气为臣药，佐以辛热药以益肾气，理中气，却有升清降浊的味道，引导其气之滞滞，并且入黄连、黄柏于其中，以泻寒不散而郁化之热，使其从辛热而消散。这不专门取其温补，而是更借助其下气的作用。更有生津甘露饮，治疗膈消大渴饮水无度，舌上赤裂，小便频数。方中折热补气，用石膏为君药，连柏知栀（黄连、黄柏、知母、栀子）泻热补水为臣药，当归、杏仁、麦冬、连翘、全蝎、白葵花、兰香，和血润燥为佐药，升麻、柴胡行经，澄茄、白蔻、木香、藿香反佐以取之。此方治热用寒，兼入热剂；前方治寒用温，兼入寒剂。都离不开澄茄。然而此味虽说是温补，其在气分方面，似乎能行而利之，有妙于寒热之先的作用了。
【修治】去掉柄及皱皮，酒浸，蒸半天，细杵。
Pepper (Hu Jiao): Flavor is extremely pungent, nature is hot, belonging to pure Yang, non-toxic. The flavor and nature are both very dense, representing Yang within Yang. Enters the Hand and Foot Yangming meridians. It directs Qi downward, promotes diaphragmatic movement, and primarily treats cold pain in the heart and abdomen, cholera with vomiting, deficiency-cold of the stomach opening, stabbing pain from cold Qi, and indigestion of retained food. It can also be used for cold-slippery conditions of the large intestine. (It must be assisted by other herbs; excessive dosage will scatter Qi.) Because it kills toxins from all kinds of fish, meat, turtles, and mushrooms, it is widely used in culinary seasonings. It removes cold-phlegm from the stomach and treats vomiting of clear fluid after eating. (In cases of cold-phlegm and cold accumulation causing limbs as cold as ice), the effect is very remarkable. Pungency moves Qi, heat assists Fire; it is only suitable for diseases of cold-dampness in the intestines and stomach. (Li Shizhen) Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing, obstruction in the chest and diaphragm) may arise from alcohol consumption, Qi stagnation, or Stomach fire. When the Three Yang meridians are knotted, food must regurgitate upwards. However, there are also cases where food enters but is vomited out immediately, belonging to a "no-fire" syndrome. There are also cases caused by phlegm-Qi knotting, temporarily opened by pungent-hot herbs; Pepper should not be universally prohibited. (Furthermore) Severe pain in the epigastrium. (This refers to pain in the stomach region corresponding to the heart, not true Heart pain.) Pepper 5 fen, Myrrh, Ying Mi...
[Discussion] Pepper is not Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum). It derives its name "Jiao" because its pungency resembles that of Sichuan pepper. It originates from remote southern regions and fruits during the time when the Fire element commands. However, for those with Yin deficiency and heat in the blood compartment, coughing with hemoptysis, dry throat and thirst, sudden rushing of hot Qi, blurred vision, foul breath, floating teeth, epistaxis, intestinal wind, internal toxicity, hemorrhoids, and fistulas, frequent consumption...
[Preparation] Those without wrinkled shells inside have greater potency; grind into powder using a stone mortar.
Bi Cheng Qie (Piper cubeba): Similar in category but different in species to Pepper, found in various foreign lands of Hainan. It is a climbing plant, blooming white flowers in spring and bearing black fruits in summer, slightly larger than wutong seeds, with a round pedicel. Another theory states that those growing towards the sun are Pepper, while those growing in the shade are Cheng Qie.
Flavor is pungent and bitter, nature is slightly warm. It directs Qi downward, aids digestion, treats all types of cold Qi and phlegm masses, warms the spleen and stomach, stops vomiting and hiccups, and addresses cholera with vomiting and diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain. And... Stomach... After recovery, take Ping Wei San (Calm the Stomach Powder) three hundred doses. (One case involved vomiting black water containing green grass-like substances; this indicates extreme deficiency of Kidney and Liver Yang, manifesting the color of the Wood organ. From the treatment of this formula, one can reflect.) For hiccups due to Cold Damage, occurring day and night irregularly, use Bi Cheng Qie and Gao Liang Jiang (Galangal Rhizome) in equal parts, grind into powder, take 2 qian per dose, add six parts water, boil ten times, add a little vinegar, and take. (This belongs to cold syndromes, hiccups due to Yin excess. If it belongs to Yang rebellion, administering this is dangerous; careful examination is required.) For nasal congestion caused by Lung Qi attacking upwards, use Bi Cheng Qie 5 qian, Bo He Ye (Mint Leaf) 3 qian, Jing Jie Sui (Schizonepeta Flower Head) 1.5 qian, grind into powder, make honey pills the size of an euryale seed, hold in mouth and swallow frequently.
[Discussion] Bi Cheng Qie treats coldness of Kidney Qi and Bladder, somewhat resembling Shu Jiao (Sichuan Pepper); treating Yin rebellion and downward Qi obstruction, somewhat resembling Wu Zhu Yu (Evodia Fruit). Using warmth as tonification, it truly belongs to... Fu... Suo... Observing the Bi Cheng Qie pill for treating nasal congestion reveals its affinity for the Kidney and warming of the Bladder. It is the principle of Yang emerging from the earth, rooted at the extreme lower and reaching the extreme upper. Medical texts use Bi Cheng Qie for warming and tonifying to direct Qi downward, such as Tu Si Zi Wan (Dodder Seed Pill), treating Kidney Qi deficiency caused by injury from labor and fatigue, and also treating sudden cough due to Kidney deficiency. Like Huo Xiang Yang Wei Tang (Agastache Stomach-Nourishing Decoction), treating Yangming Stomach deficiency where sinews lack nourishment, leading to flaccidity syndrome. Again, Yu Qi Tang (Nourish Qi Decoction), treating inability to eat, used to unblock the hundred vessels, regulate the Spleen origin, tonify the Middle Jiao, benefit Qi Sea, dispel Yin cold, stop abdominal pain, and advance diet. This is a warming-tonic formula that also relies on its slight assistance in directing Qi downward. Such as Chen Fu Tang (Aquilaria and Aconite Decoction), treating rebellious Qi rushing upward, severe shortness of breath preventing sleep, using Fu Zi (Aconite Root) as the sovereign herb, Chen Xiang (Aquilaria Wood), La Gui (Cinnamon Bark), and Bi Cheng Qie to tonify Yang and guide it; borrowing Cong Chai (Cyperus Rhizome) to assist its downward movement. Again, Qing Mu Xiang Wan (Blue Musk Pill), treating chest and diaphragm obstruction, Qi stagnation not moving, vomiting and hiccups with phlegm reversal, loss of appetite; its efficacy lies in being similar to downward-directing formulas, merely borrowing Bi Cheng Qie to assist Gu Zhi (Psoralea Fruit) to return Kidney Qi and move it, serving as the pivot for all downward-directing agents. As for Zhong Man Fen Xiao Tang (Reduce Distension and Resolve Accumulation Decoction) treating cold distension, taking warming the middle and descending cold rebellion as the sovereign, resolving phlegm and moving Qi as the minister, assisting with pungent-hot herbs to benefit Kidney Qi and regulate Middle Qi, possessing flavors that raise clear and descend turbid, guiding the stagnation of Qi, and including Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) and Huang Bai (Phellodendron Bark) within, to drain heat generated from stagnation that does not dissipate with cold, allowing it to dissipate through pungent-heat. This does not solely rely on its warming-tonic properties, but further utilizes its Qi-directing function. Furthermore, Sheng Jin Gan Lu Yin (Generate Fluids and Sweet Dew Drink) treats Ge Xiao (Diaphragmic Thirst) with excessive drinking, red cracks on the tongue, and frequent urination. In the formula, draining heat and benefiting Qi uses Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) as sovereign; Lian Bai Zhi Zhi (Coptis, Phellodendron, Anemarrhena, Gardenia) drain heat and replenish fluids as ministers; Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Xing Ren (Apricot Seed), Mai Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Lian Qiao (Forsythia Fruit), Quan Xie (Scorpion), Bai Kui Hua (White Sunflower Head), Lan Xiang (Costus Root), harmonize blood and moisten dryness as assistants; Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) and Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root) move the channels; Bi Cheng Qie, Bai Kou (Cardamom), Mu Xiang (Aucklandia Root), Huo Xiang (Patchouli Herb) act as counter-agents to achieve the effect. This formula treats heat with cold, incorporating heat agents; the previous formula treats cold with warmth, incorporating cold agents. All do not abandon Bi Cheng Qie. Thus, although this substance is said to be warming and tonic, in the Qi compartment, it seems able to move and promote flow, having subtleties preceding cold and heat.
[Preparation] Remove the stalk and wrinkled skin, soak in wine, steam for half a day, pound finely.