一名结蜣。庄子云。 蜣之智。在于转丸。喜入粪土中。取屎丸而推却之。故俗名推
丸。（贞白）蜣螂以土包粪转而成丸。雄曳雌推。置于坎中。覆之而去。数日有小蜣螂出。
盖
味咸。气寒。有毒。入足厥阴手足阳明经。畏羊角羊肉石膏。主小儿惊痫螈 。及疳蚀
疳积
痔
渣饮
取陈
次。即
推车散
新瓦
许。为细末
蜣螂七枚。五月五日收者。
裹。纳肛中半日。即大便中
以发其气也。
〔论〕 夫水谷入胃。化精微。上升而为气血。化糟粕。下降而为屎溺。升者从乎阳。
降者
待胃
乳果
蜣螂心
主治疔疮。
附案 刘禹锡得疔疮。凡十四日。益笃。善药敷之莫效。次用蜣螂心一夕。百苦皆已。
明年
再
缪氏言蜣螂有毒。外用易臻厥功。内服非不得已。勿试。按小儿有积滞者。土裹烧食之。
良
〔修治〕 五月五日采取。蒸过藏之。临用去足。火炙。勿置水中。令人吐。
俗名土狗。穴土而居。吸风食土。喜就灯光。雄者善鸣而飞。雌者腹大羽小。不
入药用雄。夜出者良。夏至时取。曝干用。
味咸。气寒。日华曰凉。有毒。治水肿头面肿。利大小便。通石淋。疗胞衣不下。及颈
项瘰
新瓦上
焙干为
下水为效
黄水出尽。
腹胀则杀人
香七粒于壳
醋糊作饼子
觉即愈。治
十枚。海藻茴香
萸入剜空大萝卜
细切。入米饭捣丸
聋。全蝎一枚。地
少许。葱白蘸药。引
麝香一钱。为细末。
以致其用。
〔论〕 蝼蛄立夏后至夜则鸣。物虽微而候应乎火。盖气之相感。有不得不然者。正禀
质于
又
〔修治〕 去翅足。炒用。
【背景信息】
书名：本草述钩元 作者：杨时泰 朝代：清 章节：蜣螂 / 蝼蛄 类别：本草
【原文处理】
**蜣螂**
又名结蜣。《庄子》说：“蜣螂的智慧，在于滚动粪球。”它喜欢钻入粪土之中，取食粪便并推滚成丸，所以俗称“推丸”。（陶弘景注）蜣螂用泥土包裹粪便转制成丸，雄虫牵引，雌虫推动，将其置于坑穴中，覆盖后离去。数日后有小蜣螂孵化而出。
味咸，气寒，有毒。归足厥阴肝经、手阳明大肠经、足阳明胃经。畏羊角、羊肉、石膏。主治小儿惊痫抽搐（惊风抽搐），以及疳蚀（疳积导致的组织溃烂）、疳积、痔疮脓血、痢疾脓血等症。
用法：取陈旧的蜣螂七枚，以五月五日采集的为佳。研为细末，每次服用少许，用温水送服，以激发药性。
另有方剂“推车散”：取新瓦片一块，将蜣螂七枚（五月五日采集者）裹在其中，纳入肛门内半天，即可使大便通畅排出，以发挥其通利作用。
〔论〕 水谷进入胃中，化生精微物质，上升转化为气血；化生糟粕，下降转化为屎尿。上升的属于阳，下降的属于阴。
主治疔疮（一种急性化脓性感染）。
附案：刘禹锡患疔疮，历时十四日，病情加重，各种药物外敷均无效。后来使用蜣螂心，一夜之间，百苦皆消。次年……再……
缪氏说蜣螂有毒，外用容易取得功效，内服若非万不得已，不要尝试。按：小儿有积滞者，可用土包裹烧熟后食用，效果良好。
〔修治〕 五月五日采取，蒸过后贮藏。临用时去掉足，火炙烤，勿置水中，否则令人呕吐。
**蝼蛄**
俗名土狗。穴居土中，吸食风气，吞食泥土，喜欢靠近灯光。雄虫善于鸣叫和飞翔，雌虫腹部大翅膀小，不飞翔。药用只取雄虫，夜间活动的为佳。夏至时采集，晒干备用。
味咸，气寒。日华子说其性凉，有毒。治疗水肿、头面浮肿，通利大小便，通治石淋（泌尿系结石），疗理胞衣不下（胎盘滞留），以及颈部瘰疬（淋巴结结核）。
用法：在新瓦上焙干研末，以下水（腹泻/利尿）为见效标准。若有黄水流尽之效。腹胀严重则可能致死。
配伍：麝香一钱，研为细末。或加海藻、茴香七粒于壳中，醋糊作饼子。或加入山茱萸，剜空大萝卜，放入蝼蛄十枚，细切，加入米饭捣丸。或配全蝎一枚，地龙少许，葱白蘸药引。
〔论〕 蝼蛄从立夏后到夜晚鸣叫。生物虽微小，但其鸣叫应合火的节气。大概是因为气机相互感应，有不得不如此的道理。正禀受……质于……
又……
〔修治〕 去掉翅足，炒用。
[Background Information]
Book: *Bencao Shu Gou Yuan* (Essentials of Materia Medica Description)
Author: Yang Shitai
Dynasty: Qing
Chapter: Dung Beetle / Mole Cricket
Category: Materia Medica
[Dung Beetle]
Also known as Jieqiang. The *Zhuangzi* states: "The wisdom of the dung beetle lies in rolling balls." It likes to enter manure and soil, taking excrement and pushing it into balls; hence the common name "Tuiwan" (Rolling Ball). (Tao Hongjing's note) The dung beetle wraps manure with soil to form balls. The male pulls and the female pushes, placing them in a pit, covering them, and leaving. After several days, small dung beetles emerge.
Taste: Salty. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Toxic. Meridian Tropism: Foot-Jueyin Liver Channel, Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Channel, Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel. Aversion: Sheep horn, mutton, gypsum. Indications: Pediatric convulsions and epilepsy (Jingxian Chouyong), gan erosion (tissue ulceration due to gan syndrome), gan accumulation, hemorrhoids with pus and blood, dysentery with pus and blood.
Usage: Take seven old dung beetles, preferably collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Grind into fine powder. Take a small amount each time, taken with warm water to stimulate its qi activity.
Another prescription, "Tuche San": Place seven dung beetles (collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month) wrapped in a piece of new tile, insert into the anus for half a day, which will facilitate bowel movement to exert its purgative effect.
[Discussion] When food and drink enter the stomach, they transform into essence and subtle nutrients, which ascend to become qi and blood; waste products descend to become feces and urine. Ascending belongs to Yang, descending belongs to Yin.
Indication: Carbuncle (Dingchuang, an acute suppurative infection).
Attached Case: Liu Yuxi suffered from a carbuncle for fourteen days, with worsening condition. Various external applications were ineffective. Later, he used the heart of a dung beetle, and after one night, all pains disappeared. The following year... again...
Miao stated that the dung beetle is toxic. External use easily achieves efficacy, but internal use should not be attempted unless absolutely necessary. Note: For children with stagnation, wrapping in soil and roasting for consumption is effective.
[Processing] Collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, steamed before storage. Before use, remove legs and roast over fire. Do not place in water, as it causes vomiting.
[Mole Cricket]
Commonly known as Tugou. Lives in burrows in the soil, absorbs wind and eats earth, attracted to light. Males are good at singing and flying; females have large abdomens and small wings, unable to fly. Only males are used in medicine; those active at night are preferred. Collected at the Summer Solstice, dried in the sun for use.
Taste: Salty. Nature: Cold. Ri Huaizi described it as Cool. Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Edema, swelling of the head and face, promoting urination and defecation, treating stone strangury (urinary calculi), retaining placenta, and scrofula (luoli, lymph node tuberculosis) of the neck.
Usage: Roast on a new tile until dry and grind into powder. Efficacy is indicated by diarrhea/diuresis. If yellow fluid drains completely, it is effective. Severe abdominal distension may lead to death.
Combinations: Musk (Shexiang) 1 qian, ground into fine powder. Or add seven grains of seaweed (Haizao) and fennel (Huixiang) in the shell, made into cakes with vinegar paste. Or add cornus officinalis (Shanyuzhu), hollow out a large radish, insert ten mole crickets, cut finely, mix with rice flour to make pills. Or combine with one full scorpion (Quanxie) and a little earthworm (Dilong), dip in green onion white to guide the action.
[Discussion] From after Start of Summer until night, mole crickets sing. Though small creatures, their singing corresponds to the Fire season. This is likely due to the mutual resonance of qi, which is inevitable. It truly inherits its nature from...
Furthermore...
[Processing] Remove wings and legs, stir-fry before use.