一名骐 竭。出南番诸国及广州。其木脂液从中流出。滴下如胶饴状。久而坚凝。形
如干血。敲断有光。磨指甲红透。故名。味甘咸。气平。气薄味浓。阴也。降也。入手足厥
阴经。主治散滞血诸痛。金疮恶疮。折伤打损。止痛生肌。并内伤血聚。血气搅刺。（俱宜
酒服）妇人血气。小儿螈 。补心包络肝血不足。（好古）木之脂液。如人之膏血。第乳没
主
味咸
虫黄
为细末
每温酒
梧子
枣烧
〔论〕 血竭乃南番木脂。禀荧惑之气而结。以火烧之。有赤汁涌出。久而灰不变本色。
夫
结
无瘀积者。不必用。（仲淳）此药性急。不可多使。却引脓。（日华子）
〔辨治〕 兹物理折伤。有夺命之功。然出外国。极难购。又有云。如蜡者用。散者不
用。
俗呼冰片。又名梅花脑。方书多称脑子。出婆律诸国。南海深谷中亦有之。树名波
律。（又名固不婆律）其肥者作花结实。断之脂溢为婆律膏。但枝干未经损动则有气。泄则
无
时
。湿时无香。干之循理而析。状类云母。莹若冰霜。或解木作板。香溢缝间。劈而取之。大
者成片如花瓣。气全力备。小者成粒。为米脑。为速脑。为瑞脑。为金脚脑。为苍龙脑。因
其
味辛而苦。气温。性善走窜。无往不达。阳中之阳。升也。散也。（诸香皆属阳。此更
香之
肾治
热暴
气闭生
散窜通
（门）
芨白蔹乌
存性。白
散揩之。
躁。烦喘
一丸。紫
入龙脑
〔论〕 龙脑为群香之冠。火金合德。大辛兼苦而温窜。乃千年老树之精气。禀南方火
土之
毕达
对治
法）然
凡壅
风病在骨髓者宜用。若在血脉肌肉。辄用脑麝。反引风入骨。莫之能出。（东垣）凡中
风因气
眼目昏
〔辨治〕 莹白如冰。及作梅花瓣者佳。市肆多用番硝搀混。须知番硝质重色苍。如砂
细碎
钵轻
樟脑
即韶脑。乃樟树屑液造成。治疥癣。敷癞疮。
【血竭】
别名骐竭。产于南番各国及广州。这种树的脂液从树干中流出，滴落下来像胶饴一样粘稠，时间久了便坚硬凝结，形状如同干涸的血块，敲断后有光泽，磨在指甲上能染红透甲，因此得名。味道甘甜、咸，药性平和，气薄味浓，属于阴药，具有沉降的作用。归入手足厥阴经。主治散除瘀滞血液引起的各种疼痛，治疗金创（金属利器造成的创伤）和恶疮，以及骨折损伤、跌打损伤，能止痛并促进肌肉生长，同时治疗内伤导致的血液积聚和气机紊乱刺痛。（均宜用酒送服）。用于妇女血气病，小儿惊风抽搐，以及心包络和肝血不足之证。（李好古注）。树木的脂液，就像人体的膏血一样。
【龙脑香】
俗称冰片，又名梅花脑。医方书籍多称为脑子。产于婆律等国，南海深谷中也有出产。树名波律（又名固不婆律）。树体肥壮者开花结果，折断后脂液溢出即为婆律膏。只有枝干未经受损时才有香气，一旦泄露则无香。湿润时没有香味，干燥后顺着纹理裂开，状似云母，晶莹如冰霜。有时将木材剖成板材，香气从缝隙间溢出，劈开后取用。大的成片状如花瓣，药效强而全面；小的成颗粒状，称为米脑、速脑、瑞脑、金脚脑、苍龙脑等。因其气味辛而苦，药性温，善于走窜通行，无处不到，属于阳中之阳，具有升散的作用。（所有香料皆属阳，此药更是香料中的佼佼者）。
〔论〕 血竭乃是南番的木脂，禀受荧惑星（火星）之气而凝结。用火焚烧它，有红色的汁液涌出，久烧后灰烬也不改变本色。对于没有瘀积的患者，不必使用。（陈实功/仲淳注）。此药药性急猛，不可多用，但能引导脓液排出。（日华子注）。
〔辨治〕 此物对于物理折伤有夺命般的功效，然而产自外国，极难购买。又有说法称，像蜡一样的才可用，散状的不可用。
俗呼冰片。又名梅花脑。方书多称脑子。出婆律诸国。南海深谷中亦有之。树名波律。（又名固不婆律）其肥者作花结实。断之脂溢为婆律膏。但枝干未经损动则有气。泄则无香。湿时无香。干之循理而析。状类云母。莹若冰霜。或解木作板。香溢缝间。劈而取之。大者成片如花瓣。气全力备。小者成粒。为米脑。为速脑。为瑞脑。为金脚脑。为苍龙脑。因其味辛而苦。气温。性善走窜。无往不达。阳中之阳。升也。散也。（诸香皆属阳。此更香之冠）。
〔论〕 龙脑是群香之首，具备火与金的德行，大辛兼苦而温窜，乃是千年老树的精气，禀受南方火土之气而成。凡骨髓中的风病适宜使用。若在血脉肌肉层面，辄用脑麝，反而引风入骨，无法排出。（李东垣注）。凡中风因气闭生躁、烦喘者，一丸紫……入龙脑……对治法。然凡壅……毕达。
〔辨治〕 晶莹洁白如冰，且呈梅花瓣状者为佳。市肆中多用番硝搀混，须知番硝质地重颜色青苍，如砂细碎……钵轻……樟脑即韶脑，乃樟树屑液造成，治疥癣，敷癞疮。
[Dragon's Blood]
Also known as Qijie. It originates from various countries in the Southern Barbarian regions and Guangzhou. The resinous sap flows from the tree, dripping down like sticky malt syrup. Over time, it hardens and coagulates, taking a shape resembling dried blood. When broken, it exhibits luster; when ground on a fingernail, it stains red through to the nail bed, hence its name. Its taste is sweet and salty, its nature is neutral (Ping), with thin Qi and strong flavor, belonging to Yin, possessing descending properties. It enters the Jueyin meridians of the hand and foot. It primarily treats various pains caused by stagnant blood, golden wounds (trauma from metal weapons), malignant sores, fractures, contusions, and bruises, alleviating pain and promoting tissue regeneration. It also addresses internal injuries resulting in blood accumulation and qi-blood stirring/stabbing sensations. (All indications are best taken with wine). It is used for women's qi-blood disorders, pediatric convulsions/tetany, and insufficiency of blood in the Pericardium and Liver. (Li Haogu notes): The resinous sap of trees is akin to the marrow and blood of humans.
[Borneol / Borneo Camphor]
Commonly referred to as Bingpian (Ice Piece), also known as Meihua Nao (Plum Blossom Brain). Medical texts often refer to it as Naizi (Brain). It originates from Polu (Borneo) countries and is also found in deep valleys of the South Sea. The tree is named Bolü (also known as Gu Bu Polu). Trees that are robust flower and bear fruit; when broken, the overflowing resin forms Polu Gao (Borneo Ointment). Only branches and trunks that have not been damaged retain fragrance; once leaked, they lose their scent. It has no fragrance when wet. When dry, it splits along the grain, resembling mica, crystal clear like ice and frost. Sometimes the wood is sawn into boards, allowing fragrance to overflow from the seams; splitting the wood yields the material. Large pieces form sheets resembling plum petals, possessing strong and complete Qi/Efficacy. Small pieces form granules, known as Mi Nao, Su Nao, Rui Nao, Jin Jiao Nao, and Cang Long Nao. Its taste is pungent and bitter, its nature is warm. Its property favors penetrating and circulating, reaching everywhere without obstruction. It is Yang within Yang, possessing ascending and dispersing properties. (All aromatic substances belong to Yang; this is the crown among aromatics).
[Discussion]
Dragon's Blood is the resin of southern trees, formed by inheriting the Qi of Yinghuo (Mars). When burned with fire, red juice gushes out, and even after prolonged burning, the ash retains its original color. For those without blood stasis, it is unnecessary to use. (Zhongchun notes): This drug has an urgent nature and should not be used in large quantities, yet it can guide pus discharge. (Ri Huazi notes).
[Differentiation and Treatment]
This substance possesses life-saving efficacy for physical fractures and injuries. However, since it comes from foreign lands, it is extremely difficult to procure. There is another view stating that only those resembling wax are usable, while scattered/powdery forms are not.
Commonly called Bingpian. Also known as Meihua Nao. Medical texts often call it Naizi. Originates from Polu countries. Found in deep valleys of the South Sea. Tree name Bolü (also Gu Bu Polu). Robust ones flower and fruit. Broken ones overflow resin forming Polu Gao. Only undamaged branches/trunks have Qi/Fragrance. Leaked ones have no fragrance. No fragrance when wet. Dry ones split along the grain. Resembles mica. Crystal clear like ice/frost. Wood may be made into boards. Fragrance overflows seams. Split to obtain. Large pieces like petals. Strong Qi and full efficacy. Small pieces become granules: Mi Nao, Su Nao, Rui Nao, Jin Jiao Nao, Cang Long Nao. Pungent and bitter taste. Warm nature. Good at penetrating/circulating. Reaches everywhere. Yang within Yang. Ascending and dispersing. (All aromatics are Yang. This is the crown of aromatics).
[Discussion]
Borneol is the chief of all aromatics, combining the virtues of Fire and Metal. Greatly pungent, slightly bitter, and warm/penetrating. It is the essence of thousand-year-old trees, inheriting the Fire and Earth Qi of the South. Wind diseases located in the bone marrow should use it. If the disease is in the blood vessels or muscles, using Borneol and Musk will instead draw wind into the bones, making it impossible to expel. (Dongyuan notes). For stroke caused by qi closure leading to restlessness and panting... One pill... enter Borneol... Counter-treatment method. However, for all stagnations... Bi Da.
[Differentiation and Treatment]
Clear white like ice, and those forming plum blossom petal shapes are superior. Market shops often mix in Fan Xiao (Saltpeter). One must know that Fan Xiao is heavy in texture and dark in color, finely crushed like sand... Mortar light... Zhang Nao (Camphor) is Shao Nao, created from camphor tree residue liquid, treating scabies/tinea, applying to leprosy sores.