形似鼍而短小。又似鲤而有四足。穿陵穴居。一名穿山甲。杀之勿近堤岸。恐血入
士。遂令渗漏。（永州记云）凡油笼渗漏。剥甲里肉靥投之。自至漏处补住。（多能鄙事）二
说
甲
味辛咸。气微寒。有毒。入足厥阴。兼入手足阳明经。别录主五邪惊啼悲伤。（烧灰
服）日华治小儿惊邪。妇人鬼魅悲泣。及疥癣痔漏。纲目除痰疟寒热。风痹强直疼痛。通
下乳汁。消痈肿。排脓血。通窍杀虫。是物食蚁。能治蚁 。（贞白） 能通气活血。（
性善走。能行瘀血。通经络。故其消痈毒。排脓血。下乳。和
皮表甲胄如 。脊仲介道如鲤。似兽穴居。穿山越江。乃介甲
肝之荣。筋之余。此木秉金制。金互木交。是以劲毛坚甲。专
当入太阴肺厥阴肝。以太阴为注经之始。厥阴为环经之终。故
抵病舍之所在。闭塞者泻之。渗漏者补之。如利如泣。如漏
痈。如 如乳汁不通。此闭塞之为患也。如五邪惊啼悲伤。
无。乘制致魂失奠安。在形脏归渗漏。在五邪属闭塞。泻之
者。交互乘制。两无碍矣。（之颐）凡风湿冷痹之证。因水湿所致
痛不可忍者。于五积散加穿山甲七片。看痛在何处。即于鲮鲤身上
个。葱姜水煎。入无灰酒一匙。热服取汗。避风。甚良。土炒。同
草童便。治上部内伤。胸膈间疼痛。同当归白芷银花连翘紫地丁夏
贝母皂角刺。治痈肿未溃。资为引导。得生地紫草生犀角。治痘疮
红枯燥者。风丹作痒。穿山甲洗去腥。瓦上炒过存性。每一两入甘
佐地榆。治便毒。便毒便痈。穿山甲半两。猪苓二钱。并用醋炙
山甲末和麻油轻粉涂之。或只以土涂之。马疔肿毒。穿山甲（烧
调服三四次。乃用下药利去恶物。即愈。蚁 不愈。穿山甲二七
坏。穿山甲（土炒）斑蝥熟艾。等分为末。敷之。外以乌柏叶贴之
〔论〕 近以鲮鲤甲疗风痹痰疟。通经下乳。其用更专于疮科。似于别录日华所云惊邪
悲伤
治耶。
元阳则
阳元阴
所合。
之颐所谓
天气血以
以通利行
之。不可
先导。要本
之气血如是
氏可谓识越
止虚生。即
缪氏言痈疽已溃。不宜服。痘疮元气不足。不能起发者。不宜用。性专行散中病即止。
不可
〔辨治〕 尾鳞尖浓有三角。用之力胜。或炮。或烧。或酥炙。醋炙。童便炙。或油煎。
土
沙
耳内疼痛。同土狗炒。耳鸣耳聋。蛤粉炒。倒睫拳毛。将羊肾脂抹甲上炙。随各证各脏腑
修制。以类推之。未有生用者。
外形像鼍（扬子鳄）但短小。又似鲤鱼但有四只脚。在土坡中打洞居住。又名穿山甲。杀死它后不要靠近堤岸，恐怕它的血渗入泥土，会导致堤坝渗漏。（《永州记》记载）凡是油笼出现渗漏，剥下穿山甲壳内的肉膜投入漏处，它会自己爬到漏处将其补住。（《多能鄙事》记载）
【甲】
味辛、咸。气微寒。有毒。入足厥阴肝经。兼入手足阳明经。《别录》主治五邪引起的惊啼悲伤。（烧成灰服用）日华子治疗小儿惊邪。妇人鬼魅悲泣。以及疥癣痔漏。《纲目》除去痰疟寒热。风痹强直疼痛。通下乳汁。消除痈肿。排出脓血。通窍杀虫。这种动物吃蚂蚁，能治疗蚁瘘。（贞白）能通气活血。（其性善于走窜，能行瘀血，通经络，所以它能消痈毒，排脓血，下乳。）皮表如铠甲，脊背隆起如鳞片排列，像鲤鱼一样。似兽类穴居，穿山越江，这是介甲类动物中肝之荣养，筋之余气。此物秉受金制木之气，金木交互，所以具有坚硬的毛发和甲壳。专门应当入太阴肺经和厥阴肝经，因为太阴是经气注入的开始，厥阴是经气循环的终点。所以疾病所在之处，闭塞的用泻法，渗漏的用补法。如利下不止、如哭泣、如漏疮、如痈肿、如乳汁不通，这些都是闭塞造成的祸患。如五邪惊啼悲伤，是由于魂神失去安定。在形脏表现为渗漏，在五邪属于闭塞。用泻法治疗，是因为交互乘制，两者都不妨碍。（之颐）凡是风湿冷痹的证候，因水湿所致疼痛不可忍受的，在五积散中加入穿山甲七片，看疼痛在何处，就在穿山甲身上对应部位取一片，用葱姜水煎煮，加入无灰酒一匙，热服取汗，避风。效果很好。土炒，同甘草、童便，治疗上部内伤，胸膈间疼痛。同当归、白芷、银花、连翘、紫地丁、夏枯草、贝母、皂角刺，治疗痈肿未溃破，作为引导药。得生地、紫草、生犀角，治疗痘疮红枯燥者。风丹作痒，穿山甲洗去腥味，瓦上炒过存性，每一两加入甘草、佐使地榆，治疗便毒。便毒便痈，穿山甲半两，猪苓二钱，都用醋炙。穿山甲末和麻油、轻粉涂之。或者只用土涂之。马疔肿毒，穿山甲（烧灰）调服三四次，然后用下药利去恶物，即愈。蚁瘘不愈，穿山甲二七枚（十四枚），焙坏。穿山甲（土炒）、斑蝥、熟艾，等分为末，敷之。外以乌柏叶贴之。
【论】
近来用鲮鲤甲治疗风痹痰疟，通经下乳，其作用更专注于疮科，似乎符合《别录》、日华子所说的惊邪悲伤的治疗？元阳则……（此处原文有缺漏或错简，暂略）……天气血以……之颐所谓……以通利行之，不可先导。要本……之气血如是……氏可谓识越……止虚生。即缪氏言痈疽已溃，不宜服。痘疮元气不足，不能起发者，不宜用。性专行散，中病即止，不可……
【辨治】
尾鳞尖浓有三角，用之力胜。或炮，或烧，或酥炙，醋炙，童便炙，或油煎，土炒，沙炒。耳内疼痛，同土狗炒。耳鸣耳聋，蛤粉炒。倒睫拳毛，将羊肾脂抹甲上炙。随各证各脏腑修制，以类推之。未有生用者。
The shape resembles that of an alligator (Tuó) but is shorter and smaller. It also resembles a carp but has four feet. It burrows into hillsides to live. Also known as Pangolin (Chuānshānjiǎ). After killing it, do not keep it near the banks of dikes or levees, for fear that its blood will seep into the soil and cause leakage. (According to *Yongzhou Ji*) Whenever an oil container leaks, peeling off the membrane inside the scales and placing it at the leak site will cause it to naturally move to the leak and seal it. (According to *Duoneng Bishi*)
[Scales]
Pungent and salty in flavor. Slightly cold in nature. Toxic. Enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Also enters the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. *Bencao Jing Jizhu* (*Bielu*) treats fright, crying, and sorrow caused by the "Five Evils" (Wǔ Xié). (Taken as powder after burning). Ri Hua-zi treats childhood fright evil, women's ghost-induced weeping, as well as tinea, pruritus, hemorrhoids, and fistulas. *Bencao Gangmu* eliminates phlegm, malaria with chills and fever, wind-bi with stiffness and pain, promotes lactation, reduces carbuncles and swellings, discharges pus and blood, opens orifices, and kills parasites. This creature eats ants and can treat ant-fistulas (Yǐ Lóu). (Zhenbai) Can promote Qi circulation and invigorate blood. (Its nature is good at moving, capable of circulating stagnant blood and unblocking collaterals; thus it reduces toxic carbuncles, discharges pus and blood, and promotes lactation.) The skin and scales resemble armor; the spine is raised like fish scales. It lives in burrows like beasts, penetrates mountains and crosses rivers. As a scaly animal, it represents the flourishing aspect of the Liver and the surplus of sinews. It embodies Metal controlling Wood, and Metal interacting with Wood, hence possessing tough hair and hard shells. It specifically enters the Taiyin Lung Meridian and Jueyin Liver Meridian, because Taiyin is the beginning of meridian entry, and Jueyin is the end of the meridian cycle. Therefore, where disease resides, if there is blockage, use draining methods; if there is leakage, use tonifying methods. Such as profuse discharge, weeping-like symptoms, leaking sores, carbuncles, and blocked milk secretion—these are disasters caused by blockage. Fright, crying, and sorrow from the Five Evils occur when the Hun (Ethereal Soul) loses stability due to excessive control/restriction. In form-zang organs, this manifests as leakage; in the Five Evils, it belongs to blockage. Using draining methods addresses the mutual excessive control, causing no hindrance to either. (Zhiyi) For cases of wind-damp-cold bi syndrome, unbearable pain caused by water-dampness: add seven slices of Pangolin Scale to Wuji San. Observe where the pain is located, take one slice corresponding to that spot on the pangolin's body, decoct with green onion and ginger, add one spoonful of pure wine, take hot to induce sweating, and avoid wind. Very effective. Earth-fried, combined with Licorice Root (Gancao) and child's urine, treats upper jiao internal injury and pain in the chest and diaphragm. Combined with Angelica Sinensis Root (Danggui), White Peony Root (Baizhi), Honeysuckle Flower (Jinyinhua), Forsythia Fruit (Lianqiao), Purple Viper Bugloss Herb (Zididing), Prunella Vulgaris (Xiakucao), Fritillaria Bulb (Beimu), and Gleditsia Spine (Zaocisici), treats unruptured carbuncles and swellings, acting as a guiding herb. With Rehmannia Root (Shengdihuang), Arnebia Root/Lithospermum Root (Zicao), and Raw Rhinoceros Horn (Shengxijiao - *note: modern substitutes used*), treats measles/rubella that are red, dry, and withered. For wind-dan with itching: wash Pangolin Scale to remove fishy odor, stir-fry on a tile until preserved in nature. Add one liang each of Licorice Root (Gancao) and Sanguisorba Root (Diyu) to treat pudendal abscess (Biandu). For pudendal abscess/carbuncle: half liang of Pangolin Scale, two qian of Polyporus (Zuling), both vinegar-fried. Powdered Pangolin Scale mixed with sesame oil and Calomel (Qingfen) applied topically. Or simply apply earth. For horse-boil toxic swelling: burn Pangolin Scale, mix and take three to four times, then use purgatives to expel evil substances, leading to recovery. For persistent ant-fistula: fourteen pieces of Pangolin Scale, roasted until brittle. Earth-fried Pangolin Scale, Mustard Seed (Banmao), and prepared Mugwort Wortex (Shuai Ai) ground equally into powder and applied externally. Cover with leaves of Chinese Tallow Tree (Wubaiye).
[Discussion]
Recently, Pangolin Scale is used to treat wind-bi and phlegmatic malaria, unblock meridians, and promote lactation. Its application is more specialized in dermatology/surgery, seemingly aligning with the treatments for fright evil and sorrow mentioned in *Bielu* and Ri Hua-zi... [Text fragment missing/obscure] ...Zhiyi stated... to promote free flow... cannot be guided first. Must root in... such is the Qi and Blood... Mr. Mou could be said to have profound insight... preventing deficiency from generating... As Mr. Miu stated, for carbuncles and ulcers that have already ruptured, it should not be taken. For measles/rubella where Yuan Qi is insufficient and cannot erupt, it should not be used. Its nature is specifically dispersing and moving; stop taking it once the disease is cured. Do not...
[Differentiation and Treatment Preparation]
The tail scales are thick and pointed with a triangular shape, providing stronger efficacy. Methods include calcining, burning, frying with butter, vinegar-frying, frying with child's urine, or oil-frying. Earth-frying or sand-frying. For ear pain, fry with Ground Cricket (Tugou). For tinnitus and deafness, fry with clam powder. For inverted eyelashes and curled hairs, smear the scale with sheep kidney fat and roast. Modify according to each syndrome and organ, inferring by analogy. There are no instances of raw use.