陷。升柴羌葛之类，鼓舞胃气上腾，则注下自止。又如地上淖泽，风之即干，故风药多燥。且湿为土病，风为木
药，木可胜土，风亦胜湿，所谓下者举之是也。一曰清凉，热淫所至，暴注下迫，苦寒诸剂，用涤燔蒸。犹当溽暑
伊芳郁之时，而商 飒然倏动，则炎 如失矣，所谓热者清之是也。一曰疏利，痰凝气滞，食积水停，皆令人泻，
随证祛逐，勿使稽留。经云实者泻之，又云通因通用是也。一曰甘缓，泻利不已，急而下趋，愈趋愈下，泄何由
止。甘能缓中，善禁急速，且稼穑作甘，甘为土味，所谓急者缓之是也。一曰酸收，泻下有日，则气散而不收，无
能统摄，注泄何时而已。酸气一味，能助收肃之权，经云散者收之是也。一曰燥脾，土德无 ，水邪不滥，故泻
皆成于土湿，湿皆本于脾虚。仓廪得职，水谷善
分，虚而不培，湿淫转甚，经曰虚者补之是也。一曰温肾，肾主二便，封藏之本，况虽属水，真阳寓焉，少火生
气，火为土母，此火一衰，何以营运三焦、熟腐五谷乎。故积虚者必挟寒，脾虚者必补母，经云寒者温之是也。
一曰固涩，注泄日久，幽门道滑，虽投温补，未克奏功，须行涩剂，则变化不愆，揆度合节，所谓滑者涩之是
也。夫是九者，治泻之大法业无遗蕴，至于先后缓急之权，岂能豫设，须临证之顷，丸机灵变，可以胥天下于寿
域矣。（《必读》）
泻久宜丸散 凡治泻久用丸药，并用散药以实脾土，土实则能制水故也。（《苍生司命》）（按∶《诸
证辨疑》曰∶有久湿脾虚泻者，今日多用汤药，多不获效。以愚肤见，譬如地中一窟之水，用燥土渗之，其水自
散，反用水浇，岂不助其湿乎。盖二说其意相近，然此理不可必，姑存之。）
散邪诸方 苍术防风汤，治飧泄。（主治节文）
苍术（去皮四两） 麻黄（去根节四两） 防风（去芦头五钱）
上为粗末，每服一两，生姜七片，水二盏，煎至一盏，去滓温服。（《保命集》）
治久泄法，先进缩煎小续命汤，是发其汗，使邪气不能从外侵于内，然后治其痢。（同上）
帅府从事帖穆矢尔，病下痢完谷，众医咸谓洞泄寒中，日服四逆、理中辈弥剧。翁诊其脉，两尺寸俱弦长，
右关浮于左关一倍，其目外 如草滋，盖知肝风传脾，因成飧泄，非藏寒所致。饮以小续命汤，损麻黄，加术三、
五升，痢止。续命非止痢药，饮不终剂而痢止者，以从本治也。（《沧洲翁传》）
藿香正气散，治感湿泄泻，或兼暑者，于本方加黄连、
香薷。（《医鉴》）
利水方法 世俗类用涩药治泻，若积久而虚者或可，若初得者，必变他证，为祸下小。殊不知多因于
湿，惟分利小水为上策。（《丹溪纂要》）
凡泄泻之病，多由水谷不分，故以利水为上策。然利水之法，法有不同。如湿胜无寒而泻者，宜四苓散、
小厘清次之类主之，但欲分其清浊也。如湿挟微寒而泻者，宜五苓散、胃苓汤之类主之，以微温而利之也。如湿
热在脾，热渴喜冷而泻者。宜大厘清饮、茵陈饮、益元散之类主之，去其湿热而利之也。（《景岳》）
加味五苓散，治伏暑热二气，及胃湿泄泻注下，或烦或渴，或小便不利。
赤茯苓（去皮） 泽泻 木猪苓（去皮） 肉桂（不见火） 白术（各一两） 车前子（半两）
上 咀，每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜五片，煎至八分，去滓温服，不拘时候。（《济生》）
胃苓散，治夏秋之间，脾胃伤冷，水谷不分，泄泻不止。
五苓散 平胃散（并见《局方》）
上合和姜、枣煎，空心服妙。陈日华方。（《妇人良方》）《摄生众妙方》香砂胃苓汤，治饮食过多，泄泻，
于本方加薷香、砂仁。
二宜丸，治泄泻，五苓散与理中丸同煎服，或以五苓散下理中丸亦好。载梁氏《总要方》。（《朱氏》）
飧泄 病甚者，攻之不动，反能为害。经曰∶其减则渐，其加则甚。可用五苓散，去猪苓，加人参。
（《杂记九门》）
桂苓甘露饮，治湿热下痢，小便涩少，口渴脉洪大者。（《保命歌括》）
薷苓汤，治暑月泄泻，或欲成痢，黄连香薷饮合五苓散，锉一剂，生姜煎服。（《医鉴》）（互见《中暑》
门。）
柴苓汤，治泄泻发热，口渴里虚之症，小柴胡汤合五苓散，锉一剂，姜枣煎服。（同上）
黄连胃苓汤，治受热气，并食油滑热物，及饮不正气酒作泻。
川黄连（浓煎吴茱萸汤并炒一钱） 干葛（一钱） 赤茯苓（一钱） 白术（一钱） 猪苓（七分） 泽泻（八分）
苍术（一钱） 川浓朴（姜汁拌炒七分） 甘草（生炙各二分） 陈皮（五分）
上水一钟半，灯心七根，枣一枚，食远乘热服。（《会元》）
欧阳文忠公，尝得暴下，国医不能愈。夫人云∶市人有此药，三文一帖，甚效。公曰∶吾辈脏腑与市人不同，
不可服。夫人使以国医药杂进之，一服而愈。公召卖者浓遗之，求其方，久之乃肯传，但用车前子一味为末，
米饮下二钱匕。云∶此药利水道而不动气，水道利则清浊分，谷脏自止矣。（《苏沈》）
温中诸方（温凉调停诸方附）范汪温中汤，疗寒下食完出方。
甘草（炙） 干姜（各三两） 蜀椒（八十枚汗去闭口及目） 附子（一枚炮四破）
上四味切，以水二升，煮取一升，分为再服。若呕内橘皮半两，小与老皆取服之，良。（《外台》）
四柱散，治丈夫元脏气虚，真阳耗散，两耳常鸣，脐腹冷痛，头旋目晕，四肢怠倦，小便滑数，泄泻不止。
人参 附子（炮去皮尖） 木香（湿纸裹煨） 茯苓（各一两）
上为细末，每服二钱，水一大盏，生姜二片，枣子一个，盐少许，煎七分，空心食前服。凡脏气虚弱者，悉
宜服之。（《和剂》）《本事》白术散，于本方去茯苓，加白术（主治既见积泻）。《济生》滑泄不止，加肉
豆蔻、诃子煎，名曰六柱散（《活幼心书》去诃子，加白术）。《回春》八柱散，治肠胃虚寒，滑泄不禁，于六
柱散去木香、茯苓，加干姜、白术、粟壳、甘草。
治泄泻者，理中汤加橘红、茯苓各一两，名补中汤。治溏泄不已者，于补中汤中，更加附子一两，名附子补
中汤。（《易简》）
理中汤，治肠胃虚弱，渗漉有声，泄泻频并，加茯苓、川浓朴。（《直指》）
治肠胃受风，久为飧泄，下痢呕逆，腹内 痛，高良姜汤方。
高良姜 木香 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 槟榔（锉） 人参（各三分） 肉豆蔻（去壳） 吴茱萸（汤浸焙炒）
陈橘皮（汤浸去白炒） 缩砂蜜（去皮各半两） 干姜（炮一分）
上一十味粗捣筛，每服四钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓不拘时，日三服。（《圣济》）
豆附丸，治丈夫妇人肠胃虚弱，内受风冷，水谷不化，泄泻注下，腹痛肠鸣，手足厥冷，服诸药不效者，此
药主之。
肉豆蔻（炮） 附子（炮去皮脐） 白茯苓（焙各四两） 木香（不见火） 肉桂（去粗皮） 干姜（炮各二两）
丁香（不见火一两）
上为细末，姜汁面糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每服五十丸至一百丸，用生姜汤吞下，粥饮亦得，空心食前进。（《和
剂》）予旧患溏利，每天晓必如厕，人教赎豆附丸。即愈。（《资生经》）《三因》名桂香丸。
治冷气水泻，日夜二、三十行，腹中 痛，四肢不和，缩砂丸方。
缩砂（去皮） 黄连（炒） 附子（炮） 吴茱萸（汤洗七遍炒焙各一两） 木香 干姜（炮各半两）
上为末，用醋软饭和丸，梧桐子大，每服三十丸，以粥饮下。（《神巧》）
治脾胃中风湿，脏腑滑泄，鞠 丸。
芎 神曲（砂炒） 白术 附子（炮去皮脐等分）
上为细末，用糊丸如梧子大，每服三、五十丸，米饮下。
左氏述楚子围萧，萧将溃。申叔展告还无社曰∶有麦曲乎？有山鞠 乎？鞠 ，芎 也。意欲令逃水中以
避祸，是知芎 能除湿。予尝加术、附以制方，治脾湿而泄者，万无不中。此药亦治飧泄，《素问》曰∶春伤于
风，夏必飧泄。飧泄者，食谷不化。盖春木旺时，肝生风邪，淫于脾经，至夏饮冷当风，故多飧泄，此药尤宜。
（《本事》）《得效》朴附丸，治脾元虚弱，久患脾泄，冷泻不止，于本方去芎 、白术，加浓朴、干姜。
当归浓朴汤，治肝经受寒，面色青惨，厥而泄利。
当归（炒） 浓朴（制各二两） 官桂（三两） 良姜（五两）
上锉散，每三服，食前服。（《直指》）
浆水散，治暴泄如水，周身汗出，一身尽冷，脉微而弱，气少而不能语，其甚者加吐，此谓急病，治之宜
以此。
半夏（二钱汤洗） 附子（半两煨） 干姜（五钱） 良姜（二钱半） 桂枝（五钱） 甘草（五钱炙）
上为细末，每服三、五钱，浆水二盏，煎至一盏，和滓服，甚者三、四服，微者三服。（《保命集》）
理中汤加茯苓、黄连，名连理汤。（《要诀》）（详出暑泻中）
治水泻不止，茱萸丸方。
吴茱萸（二两汤浸七遍焙干微炒） 黄连（二两去须微炒）
上件药捣罗为末，用软饭和丸，如梧桐子大，每服不计时候，以粥饮下三十丸。（《圣惠》）《圣济》治
飧泄，水谷不化，及诸色痢，茱萸汤，即本方，水煎服。（又治脓血痢，二宜散，本方为末服。）《元和纪用
经》黄连汤，主老小泄泻，赤白痢下，于本方加白芍药一两 咀，分八服，每服以水八升半，煮一升许，投阿胶
一分，再煮胶消去滓，分三服，温服。一方，加甘草末，艾汤调，亦大验。（宜与《滞下》戊己丸相参。）
石顽治总戎陈孟庸，泻利腹胀作痛，服黄芩、白芍之类，胀急愈甚，其脉洪盛而数，按之则濡，气口大三倍
于人迎，此湿热伤脾胃之气也。与浓朴生姜甘草半夏人参汤二剂，痛止胀减而泻利未已，与干姜黄芩黄连人参
汤二剂，泻利止而饮食不思，与半夏泻心汤二剂而安。（《医通》）
和里诸方 胃风汤，治大人小儿，风冷乘虚入客肠胃，水谷不化，泄泻注下，腹胁虚满，肠鸣 痛，
及肠胃湿毒，下如豆汁，或下瘀血，日夜无度，并宜服之。
白芍药 白术 肉桂（去粗皮） 人参（去芦） 当归（去苗） 芎 茯苓（去皮各等分）
上为粗末，每服二钱，以水一大盏，入粟米百余粒，同煎至七分，去滓稍热服，空心，小儿量力减之。
（《和剂》）（按∶《易简》曰∶此药兼治肠风下血，及妇人下血，面色姜黄，筋力衰惫者，服之尤能滋补。
但性味不便于肠胃，恐伤谷气尔。又《续易简后集》方有异，载在《滞下》中。）
补中益气汤去当归，滑泻痞闷者，此方主之。（医方考）经云∶飧泄取三阴。三阴者，太阴也。宜补中益气
汤，以白芍药代当归主之。（《准绳》）
三白散，治感湿气，四肢懒倦，小便少，或下利，大便走泄，神思沉困，饮食减少，宜调胃去湿。
白术 茯苓 芍药
上各等分，水煎服。腹痛甚者，加当归，倍芍药。（《医林集要》）
三白散，治一切泻泄如神。
白术（去芦炒一钱半） 白芍（炒一钱五分） 白茯苓（去皮一钱） 泽泻（一钱） 浓朴（姜炒）
黄连（炒各一钱） 干姜（炒五分） 乌梅肉（煎用二钱，丸用三钱。）如兼伤食，加神曲炒、麦芽炒各一钱。
上锉，生姜三片，水煎，食前服。为末，神曲为丸，服尤效。（《保元》）
抑扶煎，治气冷阴寒，或暴伤生冷，致成泻痢。
浓朴 陈皮 乌药（各一钱五分） 猪苓（二钱） 泽泻（二钱） 炙甘草（一钱） 干姜（炮一、二钱）
吴茱萸（制五、七分） 水一钟半，煎七分，食远温服。如气滞痛甚者，加木香五、七分，或砂仁亦可。（《景
岳》）
固胃暖元方法（附外治）泻久不止，大孔如竹筒，直出无禁，气陷者，升阳补胃汤、补中益气汤加白芍。
气欲脱者，真人养脏汤加附子，或四柱散、大断下丸（系辛热固涩之剂）、古蔻附丸（肉豆蔻、附子）香茸丸
（麝香、鹿茸、肉豆蔻）。又有大便滑泻，小便精出者，万全丸（赤石脂、干姜、胡椒，此本蔻氏方。）（《入
门》）
如果系藏虚滑泄，审无腹痛，脉微虚、不沉滞者，可以
温涩之药固之。（《金匮翼》）
参苓白术散，治脾胃虚弱，饮食不进，多困少力，中满痞噎，心忪气喘，呕吐泄泻。
白扁豆 人参（去芦） 白茯苓 白术 甘草（炒） 山药（各二斤） 莲子肉（去皮） 桔梗（炒令深黄色）
薏苡仁 缩砂（取仁各一斤）
上为细末，每服二钱，枣汤调下，小儿量岁数加减服之。（《和剂》）
久病虚弱、年高及气弱人，脏腑泄泻久不止者，可与人参豆蔻散、浓肠丸、参苓白术散。（《指南》）
六君子汤，治脏腑虚怯，心腹胀满，呕哕不食，肠鸣泄泻。
人参 甘草 白茯苓 白术 肉豆蔻（湿纸裹，煨熟锉碎，以浓纸裹，压去油） 诃子（煨去核各等分）
上锉散，每服三钱，生姜三片，红枣二枚，煎服。或为末，热盐汤调服亦可。（《得效》）《医圣楷梯》
【泄泻治疗大法】
若气机下陷，使用升麻、柴胡、羌活、葛根等风药，可鼓舞胃气上升，则水样腹泻自然停止。这就好比地上的泥泞沼泽，风吹即干，所以风药大多具有燥湿作用。况且湿气是脾土之病，风药属木，木能克土，风亦能胜湿，这就是《内经》所说的“下者举之”（对下陷的气机采用升提法）。
第二种方法是清凉法。当热邪炽盛导致突然的急迫性腹泻时，使用苦寒药物可以清除体内的燔灼热气。这就像在闷热潮湿的盛夏，忽然一阵凉爽的清风拂过，炎热之气便消散了，这就是《内经》所说的“热者清之”。
第三种方法是疏利法。痰浊凝结、气机阻滞、饮食积滞或水饮停聚，都会导致腹泻，应根据证候祛除这些病理产物，不要使其滞留体内。《内经》说“实者泻之”，又说“通因通用”（用通利的方法治疗通泄的病证）。
第四种方法是甘缓法。如果腹泻不止，病情急迫向下奔注，越泻越急，腹泻如何能止？甘味药能缓和脾胃之急，善于制止急迫的症状。且稼穑作甘，甘味属土，这就是《内经》所说的“急者缓之”。
第五种方法是酸收法。腹泻日久，元气耗散而不能收敛，失去统摄能力，这种注泄何时才能停止？酸味药能助长收敛肃降的权力，《内经》说“散者收之”。
第六种方法是燥脾法。脾土德性若无制约，水湿就会泛滥，所以腹泻多由脾湿引起，而湿气的根本在于脾虚。如果仓廪（脾胃）职能正常，水谷就能分清别浊；若脾虚不补，湿气反而会加重。《内经》说“虚者补之”。
第七种方法是温肾法。肾主管二便，是封藏的根本。虽然肾属水，但真阳寓于其中，少火（命门之火）能生气，火为土之母。如果这一火衰微，怎么能营运三焦、腐熟五谷呢？所以积虚的人必然夹杂寒邪，脾虚的人必须补益其母（肾），《内经》说“寒者温之”。
第八种方法是固涩法。如果注泄日久，肛门松弛滑脱，即使投用温补药物，也难以见效，必须使用涩剂，这样变化就不会出错，权衡得当，这就是《内经》所说的“滑者涩之”。
以上八法，是治疗腹泻的大法，已经没有什么遗漏了。至于治疗的先后缓急权变，岂能预先设定？必须在临证之时，灵活机动地运用丸散汤剂，就可以使天下人都进入长寿的境界了。（出自《必读》）
【久泻宜用丸散】
凡是治疗久泻，适宜使用丸药，并配合散药来充实脾土，因为脾土实则能制水。（出自《苍生司命》）（按：《诸证辨疑》说：有长期湿困脾虚导致的腹泻，现在多用汤药治疗，往往不见效。依我浅见，这好比地下的一个水窟，用干燥的土壤去渗透它，水自然散去；反而用水去浇灌，岂不是助长湿气吗？这两种说法意思相近，但这道理不能绝对化，姑且保留此说。）
【祛邪方剂】
苍术防风汤：治疗飧泄（完谷不化的腹泻）。
处方：苍术（去皮四两）、麻黄（去根节四两）、防风（去芦头五钱）。
用法：以上药材捣成粗末，每次服用一两，加生姜七片，水两盏，煎至一盏，去渣温服。（出自《保命集》）
治疗久泻的方法：先进服缩煎小续命汤，通过发汗使邪气不能从外侵入内部，然后再治疗痢疾。（同上）
帅府从事帖穆矢尔，患下痢完谷不化，众医生都认为是洞泄寒中，每天服用四逆汤、理中汤之类的药物，病情反而加剧。翁氏诊察他的脉象，左右寸关尺脉皆弦长，右关脉比左关脉浮大一倍，他的眼外眦像草滋一样湿润，于是知道这是肝风传脾，形成了飧泄，并非脏腑寒冷所致。于是给他服用小续命汤，减去麻黄，加入白术三到五升，痢疾停止。小续命汤本不是止痢药，服用不到一剂痢就停止，是因为治其根本的缘故。（出自《沧洲翁传》）
藿香正气散：治疗感受湿邪导致的泄泻，或者兼有暑邪的，在原方基础上加黄连、香薷。（出自《医鉴》）
【利水方法】
世俗人常用涩药治疗腹泻，如果是积滞已久且体虚的或许可以，如果是初得的，一定会变成其他病证，造成的祸害不小。殊不知腹泻多因于湿，只有分利小便才是上策。（出自《丹溪纂要》）
凡是泄泻的病，多由于水谷不分，所以以利水为上策。然而利水的方法，法则有所不同。如湿气偏盛而无寒象的腹泻，适宜用四苓散、小厘清饮之类为主，目的是分别清浊。如湿气夹杂轻微寒邪的腹泻，适宜用五苓散、胃苓汤之类，以微温的方式利水。如湿热在脾，口渴喜冷饮的腹泻，适宜用大厘清饮、茵陈饮、益元散之类，去除湿热并利水。（出自《景岳全书》）
加味五苓散：治疗伏暑热气和胃湿导致的泄泻注下，或者心烦口渴，或者小便不利。
处方：赤茯苓（去皮）、泽泻、木猪苓（去皮）、肉桂（不见火）、白术（各一两）、车前子（半两）。
用法：以上药材切碎，每次服用四钱，水一盏半，生姜五片，煎至八分，去渣温服，不限时候。（出自《济生方》）
胃苓散：治疗夏秋之间，脾胃受冷伤，水谷不分，泄泻不止。
处方：五苓散、平胃散（均见《局方》）。
用法：以上两方合和，加姜、枣煎煮，空腹服用效果好。陈日华方。（出自《妇人良方》）《摄生众妙方》中的香砂胃苓汤，治疗饮食过多导致的泄泻，在原方基础上加香薷、砂仁。
二宜丸：治疗泄泻，将五苓散与理中丸同煎服用，或者用五苓散送服理中丸也可以。载于梁氏《总要方》。（出自《朱氏集验方》）
飧泄：病情严重的，攻下不动，反而有害。《内经》说：“病势减轻时要逐渐治疗，病势加重时要慎重。”可用五苓散，去掉猪苓，加入人参。（出自《杂记九门》）
桂苓甘露饮：治疗湿热下痢，小便涩少，口渴脉洪大的病症。（出自《保命歌括》）
薷苓汤：治疗暑月泄泻，或者快要变成痢疾的，将黄连香薷饮与五苓散混合，锉成一剂，加生姜煎服。（出自《医鉴》）（互见《中暑》门。）
柴苓汤：治疗泄泻发热，口渴里虚的症候，将小柴胡汤与五苓散混合，锉成一剂，加姜枣煎服。（同上）
黄连胃苓汤：治疗受热气，以及食用油腻滑热食物，和饮用不洁酒导致的泄泻。
处方：川黄连（用吴茱萸汤浓煎并炒一钱）、干葛（一钱）、赤茯苓（一钱）、白术（一钱）、猪苓（七分）、泽泻（八分）、苍术（一钱）、川厚朴（姜汁拌炒七分）、甘草（生炙各二分）、陈皮（五分）。
用法：以上用水一钟半，灯心七根，枣一枚，饭后乘热服用。（出自《会元》）
欧阳修（文忠公），曾经患暴发性腹泻，国医不能治愈。夫人说：市场上有一种药，三文一张，很有效。公说：我们的脏腑与市井之人不同，不可服用。夫人让医生将国医的药与此药混合服用，一次服用就痊愈了。公召见卖药的人，赠送丰厚礼物，请求得到药方，过了很久他才肯传授，只是用车前子一味药研成末，米饮送服二钱匕。他说：此药利水道而不耗气，水道通畅则清浊分明，谷物自能消化止泻。（出自《苏沈良方》）
【温中方剂（附温凉调停诸方）】
范汪温中汤：治疗寒性腹泻，食物完谷排出。
处方：甘草（炙）、干姜（各三两）、蜀椒（八十枚，出汗，去掉闭口及目）、附子（一枚，炮裂，破成四块）。
用法：以上四味药切碎，用水二升，煮取一升，分两次服用。如果呕吐，加入橘皮半两，无论新旧橘皮都可以服用，效果良好。（出自《外台秘要》）
四柱散：治疗男子元脏气虚，真阳耗散，双耳常鸣，脐腹冷痛，头晕眼花，四肢倦怠，小便滑数，泄泻不止。
处方：人参、附子（炮去皮尖）、木香（湿纸包裹煨）、茯苓（各一两）。
用法：以上研为细末，每次服用二钱，水一大盏，生姜二片，枣子一个，少许盐，煎至七分，空腹食前服用。凡是脏气虚弱的人，都适宜服用。（出自《和剂局方》）《本事方》中的白术散，在本方中去掉茯苓，加入白术（主治积聚导致的泄泻）。《济生方》中滑泄不止，加入肉豆蔻、诃子煎煮，名叫六柱散（《活幼心书》中去掉诃子，加入白术）。《回春》中的八柱散，治疗肠胃虚寒，滑泄不禁，在六柱散中去掉木香、茯苓，加入干姜、白术、粟壳、甘草。
治疗泄泻者，理中汤加橘红、茯苓各一两，名叫补中汤。治疗溏泄不止者，在补中汤中再加附子一两，名叫附子补中汤。（出自《易简方》）
理中汤：治疗肠胃虚弱，肠间渗漉有声，泄泻频繁发作，加茯苓、川厚朴。（出自《直指方》）
治疗肠胃受风，久成飧泄，下痢呕逆，腹内疼痛，高良姜汤方。
处方：高良姜、木香、赤茯苓（去黑皮）、槟榔（锉）、人参（各三分）、肉豆蔻（去壳）、吴茱萸（汤浸焙炒）、陈橘皮（汤浸去白炒）、缩砂蜜（去皮各半两）、干姜（炮一分）。
用法：以上十味药粗捣筛，每次服用四钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去渣不拘时候，每日三次服用。（出自《圣济总录》）
豆附丸：治疗男女肠胃虚弱，内受风冷，水谷不化，泄泻注下，腹痛肠鸣，手足厥冷，服用其他药物无效的，此药主治。
处方：肉豆蔻（炮）、附子（炮去皮脐）、白茯苓（焙各四两）、木香（不见火）、肉桂（去粗皮）、干姜（炮各二两）、丁香（不见火一两）。
用法：以上研为细末，姜汁面糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每次服用五十丸至一百丸，用生姜汤吞下，粥饮也可以，空腹食前进服。（出自《和剂局方》）我以前患有溏利，每天早晨必上厕所，有人教我购买豆附丸。立即痊愈。（出自《资生经》）《三因方》名叫桂香丸。
治疗冷气水泻，日夜二三十次，腹中疼痛，四肢不和，缩砂丸方。
处方：缩砂（去皮）、黄连（炒）、附子（炮）、吴茱萸（汤洗七遍炒焙各一两）、木香、干姜（炮各半两）。
用法：以上研为末，用醋软饭和丸，梧桐子大，每次服用三十丸，以粥饮送下。（出自《神巧万全方》）
治疗脾胃中风湿，脏腑滑泄，鞠朮丸。
处方：芎䓖、神曲（砂炒）、白术、附子（炮去皮脐等分）。
用法：以上研为细末，用糊丸如梧子大，每次服用三、五十丸，米饮送下。
左氏记载楚王围困萧国，萧国即将溃败。申叔展告诉还无社说：你有麦曲吗？有山鞠朮吗？鞠朮，就是芎䓖。意思是想让逃入水中以避祸，这是知道芎䓖能除湿。我曾经加入白术、附子来制定这个方子，治疗脾湿导致的泄泻，万无一失。此药也治疗飧泄，《素问》说：春伤于风，夏必飧泄。飧泄，就是吃下去的食物不消化。大概春天木旺之时，肝生风邪，淫溢于脾经，到了夏天又贪凉饮冷当风，所以多飧泄，此药尤为适宜。（出自《本事方》）《得效方》中的朴附丸，治疗脾元虚弱，长期患脾泄，冷泻不止，在本方中去掉芎䓖、白术，加入厚朴、干姜。
当归厚朴汤：治疗肝经受寒，面色青惨，厥逆而泄利。
处方：当归（炒）、厚朴（制各二两）、官桂（三两）、良姜（五两）。
用法：以上锉散，每次三服，食前服用。（出自《直指方》）
浆水散：治疗暴泄如水，周身汗出，一身尽冷，脉微而弱，气少不能说话，严重的伴有呕吐，这叫急病，治疗适宜用此方。
处方：半夏（二钱汤洗）、附子（半两煨）、干姜（五钱）、良姜（二钱半）、桂枝（五钱）、甘草（五钱炙）。
用法：以上研为细末，每次服用三、五钱，浆水二盏，煎至一盏，连同药渣一起服用，严重的三、四次服用，轻者三次服用。（出自《保命集》）
理中汤加茯苓、黄连，名叫连理汤。（出自《要诀》）（详见于暑泻中）
治疗水泻不止，茱萸丸方。
处方：吴茱萸（二两汤浸七遍焙干微炒）、黄连（二两去须微炒）。
用法：以上药捣罗为末，用软饭和丸，如梧桐子大，每次不计时候，以粥饮送下三十丸。（出自《圣惠方》）《圣济总录》治疗飧泄，水谷不化，及各种颜色的痢疾，茱萸汤，即本方，水煎服。（又治脓血痢，二宜散，本方为末服。）《元和纪用经》黄连汤，主治老小泄泻，赤白痢下，在本方中加入白芍药一两切碎，分八服，每服用水八升半，煮取一升许，投入阿胶一分，再煮胶消去渣，分三服，温服。另一法，加入甘草末，艾汤调服，也非常有效。（宜与《滞下》篇的戊己丸参考对照。）
石顽治疗总戎陈孟庸，腹泻腹胀作痛，服用黄芩、白芍之类的药物，胀急更加严重，其脉洪盛而数，重按则濡，气口脉大三倍于人迎脉，这是湿热损伤脾胃之气。给予厚朴生姜甘草半夏人参汤二剂，痛止胀减但泄利未止，给予干姜黄芩黄连人参汤二剂，泄利止但饮食不思，给予半夏泻心汤二剂而安。（出自《医宗金鉴·医学入门》）
【和里方剂】
胃风汤：治疗大人小儿，风冷乘虚侵入肠胃，水谷不化，泄泻注下，腹胁虚满，肠鸣疼痛，以及肠胃湿毒，下如豆汁，或者下瘀血，日夜无度，都适宜服用。
处方：白芍药、白术、肉桂（去粗皮）、人参（去芦）、当归（去苗）、芎䓖、茯苓（去皮各等分）。
用法：以上为粗末，每次服用二钱，用水一大盏，加入粟米百余粒，同煎至七分，去渣稍热服，空腹，小儿量力减少。（出自《和剂局方》）（按：《易简方》说：此药兼治肠风下血，及妇人下血，面色姜黄，筋力衰惫者，服用尤其能滋补。但性味不利于肠胃，恐怕损伤谷气罢了。又《续易简后集》方剂有异，记载在《滞下》中。）
补中益气汤去掉当归，滑泻痞闷者，以此方主治。（医方考）《内经》说：飧泄取三阴经。三阴者，太阴也。适宜用补中益气汤，以白芍药代替当归为主药。（出自《准绳》）
三白散：治疗感受湿气，四肢懒倦，小便少，或者下利，大便走泄，神思沉困，饮食减少，适宜调胃去湿。
处方：白术、茯苓、芍药。
用法：以上各等分，水煎服。腹痛严重的，加当归，倍用芍药。（出自《医林集要》）
三白散：治疗一切泄泻如神。
处方：白术（去芦炒一钱半）、白芍（炒一钱五分）、白茯苓（去皮一钱）、泽泻（一钱）、厚朴（姜炒）、黄连（炒各一钱）、干姜（炒五分）、乌梅肉（煎用二钱，丸用三钱。）如兼伤食，加神曲炒、麦芽炒各一钱。
用法：以上锉碎，生姜三片，水煎，食前服。研为末，神曲为丸，服用尤其有效。（出自《保元编》）
抑扶煎：治疗气冷阴寒，或者暴伤生冷，导致泄痢。
处方：厚朴、陈皮、乌药（各一钱五分）、猪苓（二钱）、泽泻（二钱）、炙甘草（一钱）、干姜（炮一、二钱）、吴茱萸（制五、七分）。
用法：水一钟半，煎七分，食远温服。如气滞痛严重的，加木香五、七分，或者砂仁也可以。（出自《景岳全书》）
【固胃暖元方法（附外治）】
腹泻久治不愈，肛门如竹筒直出无禁，气陷者，用升阳补胃汤、补中益气汤加白芍。气欲脱者，用真人养脏汤加附子，或者四柱散、大断下丸（系辛热固涩之剂）、古蔻附丸（肉豆蔻、附子）、香茸丸（麝香、鹿茸、肉豆蔻）。又有大便滑泻，小便精出者，用万全丸（赤石脂、干姜、胡椒，此本是寇氏方。）（出自《医学入门》）
如果确实是脏虚滑泄，审察没有腹痛，脉微虚、不沉滞的，可以用温涩的药物固摄。（出自《金匮翼》）
参苓白术散：治疗脾胃虚弱，饮食不进，多困少力，中满痞噎，心悸气喘，呕吐泄泻。
处方：白扁豆、人参（去芦）、白茯苓、白术、甘草（炒）、山药（各二斤）、莲子肉（去皮）、桔梗（炒令深黄色）、薏苡仁、缩砂（取仁各一斤）。
用法：以上研为细末，每次服用二钱，枣汤调下，小儿根据岁数加减服用。（出自《和剂局方》）
久病虚弱、年高及气弱的人，脏腑泄泻久不止者，可给人参豆蔻散、浓肠丸、参苓白术散。（出自《指南总论》）
六君子汤：治疗脏腑虚怯，心腹胀满，呕哕不食，肠鸣泄泻。
处方：人参、甘草、白茯苓、白术、肉豆蔻（湿纸裹，煨熟锉碎，以浓纸裹，压去油）、诃子（煨去核各等分）。
用法：以上锉散，每次服用三钱，生姜三片，红枣二枚，煎服。或者研为末，热盐汤调服也可以。（出自《得效方》）
[General Principles for Treating Diarrhea]
If the qi mechanism sinks, using wind herbs such as Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), and Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) can stimulate the stomach qi to ascend, thereby stopping watery diarrhea naturally. This is like mud on the ground drying up when blown by the wind; thus, wind herbs are mostly drying in nature. Moreover, dampness is a disease of the Spleen Earth, while wind herbs belong to Wood. Wood controls Earth, and wind overcomes dampness. This corresponds to the principle in the *Neijing* ("Inner Canon") of "lifting what has sunk" (using lifting methods for sinking qi).
The second method is cooling. When intense heat causes sudden, urgent diarrhea, bitter-cold formulas can clear the burning heat within the body. This is like a cool breeze suddenly blowing during the muggy heat of midsummer, causing the scorching heat to dissipate. This corresponds to the *Neijing* principle: "Clear what is hot."
The third method is purging and draining. Phlegm stagnation, qi obstruction, food retention, or fluid accumulation can all cause diarrhea. One should eliminate these pathological products according to the syndrome, preventing them from lingering. The *Neijing* states: "Purge the excess," and also "Use unblocking methods to treat unblocking diseases" (using purgative methods for conditions presenting with purgation/diarrhea).
The fourth method is sweet moderation. If diarrhea persists with urgent downward rushing, the more it rushes, the worse it becomes. How can the diarrhea stop? Sweet herbs can moderate the spleen and stomach urgency and effectively arrest rapid symptoms. Since "grain cultivation produces sweetness," and sweetness belongs to the Earth flavor, this corresponds to the *Neijing* principle: "Moderate what is urgent."
The fifth method is sour astringency. Prolonged diarrhea leads to qi dispersion and failure to consolidate, resulting in a loss of control. When will this profuse discharge end? Sour herbs enhance the power of consolidation and肃降 (descending and purifying). The *Neijing* states: "Astringe what is dispersed."
The sixth method is drying the spleen. If the virtue of Earth (Spleen) lacks regulation, water evil will overflow. Thus, diarrhea often results from spleen dampness, which fundamentally stems from spleen deficiency. If the granary (spleen/stomach) functions properly, water and grain separate clearly; if deficiency is not tonified, dampness worsens. The *Neijing* states: "Tonify the deficiency."
The seventh method is warming the kidney. The Kidney governs the two lower orifices and is the root of sealing and storing. Although the Kidney belongs to Water, true yang resides within it. The "little fire" (Mingmen fire) generates qi, and fire is the mother of earth. If this fire declines, how can it circulate the Triple Burner and rot and cook the five grains? Therefore, those with accumulated deficiency inevitably harbor cold, and those with spleen deficiency must tonify their mother (Kidney). The *Neijing* states: "Warm what is cold."
The eighth method is astringing and securing. If profuse diarrhea lasts long, the anal sphincter becomes slippery and loose. Even if warm and tonifying medicines are administered, they may fail to produce results. Astringent agents must be used so that changes do not err and measures are appropriate. This corresponds to the *Neijing* principle: "Astringe what is slippery."
These eight methods constitute the general principles for treating diarrhea, leaving little room for omission. However, regarding the priority and urgency of treatment, how can they be preset? One must adapt flexibly with pills, powders, and decoctions at the bedside to bring the world into an era of longevity. (From *Bi Du*)
[Pills and Powders for Chronic Diarrhea]
For chronic diarrhea, pills are suitable, combined with powders to strengthen the spleen earth, because when spleen earth is solid, it can control water. (From *Cang Sheng Si Ming*) (Note: *Zhu Zheng Bian Yi* states: For chronic dampness and spleen deficiency diarrhea, decoctions are often ineffective today. In my humble opinion, this is like a water hole in the ground; using dry soil to permeate it disperses the water naturally. Conversely, watering it would only increase dampness. These two views are similar, but this logic cannot be absolute. I preserve this view.)
[Formulas for Expelling Pathogens]
**Cangzhu Fangfeng Tang (Atractylodes and Saposhnikovia Decoction):** Treats Sundun diarrhea (diarrhea with undigested food).
Ingredients: Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, peeled, 4 liang), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, roots and nodes removed, 4 liang), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, rhizome removed, 5 qian).
Usage: Coarsely crush the above ingredients. Take 1 liang per dose, add 7 slices of fresh ginger, 2 zhan of water, decoct to 1 zhan, remove dregs, and take warm. (From *Bao Ming Ji*)
Method for treating chronic diarrhea: First administer Suojian Xiao Xuming Tang (Concentrated Small Jade Dragon Decoction) to induce sweating, preventing pathogens from invading internally from the exterior, then treat the dysentery. (Ibid.)
Shuai Fu Congshi Temu Shi'er suffered from dysentery with undigested food. All physicians diagnosed it as Dongxie (profuse cold diarrhea) and Han Zhong (cold in the middle), administering Sizhi Tang (Four Reversals Decoction) and Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) daily, yet the condition worsened. Dr. Weng palpated his pulse: both cun and guan positions were wiry and long; the right guan pulse was floating and double the size of the left guan. His outer canthus appeared moist like grass dew. He determined this was Liver Wind transmitting to the Spleen, causing Sundun diarrhea, not due to organ cold. He prescribed Xiao Xuming Tang, reducing Mahuang and adding Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 3-5 sheng. The dysentery stopped. Xiao Xuming Tang is not inherently an anti-dysenteric drug; the cessation after less than one dose was due to treating the root cause. (From *Cang Zhou Weng Zhuan*)
**Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Agastache and Magnolia Bark Powder):** Treats dampness-induced diarrhea, or that accompanied by summerheat. Add Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Xiangru (Elsholtziae Herba) to the base formula. (From *Yi Jian*)
[Methods for Promoting Urination]
Laypeople commonly use astringents to treat diarrhea. This might work for chronic cases with deficiency, but for acute onset, it will likely transform into other syndromes, causing significant harm. They fail to realize that diarrhea is often due to dampness; promoting urination to separate fluids is the superior strategy. (From *Dan Xi Zuan Yao*)
Diarrhea often arises from the failure to distinguish between water and grain; thus, promoting urination is the primary strategy. However, methods vary. For diarrhea with dampness predominance and no cold, Siling San (Four Ling Powder) or Xiaoli Qingyin (Minor Clearing Decoction) are suitable to separate clear from turbid. For diarrhea with dampness and slight cold, Wuling San (Five Ling Powder) or Weiling Tang (Stomach-Ling Decoction) are suitable to promote urination with mild warmth. For diarrhea with damp-heat in the Spleen, characterized by thirst and preference for cold drinks, Dali Qingyin (Major Clearing Decoction), Yinchin Yin (Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction), or Yiyuan San (Benefit Origin Powder) are suitable to clear damp-heat and promote urination. (From *Jing Yue Quan Shu*)
**Jiawei Wuling San (Modified Five Ling Powder):** Treats diarrhea caused by latent summerheat and stomach dampness, with irritability, thirst, or difficult urination.
Ingredients: Chi Fuling (Red Poria, peeled), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Mu Zhu Ling (Polyporus, peeled), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex, not exposed to fire), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 1 liang), Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen, 0.5 liang).
Usage: Coarsely chop. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1.5 zhan of water and 5 slices of ginger, decoct to 0.8 zhan, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. (From *Ji Sheng Fang*)
**Weiling San (Stomach-Ling Powder):** Treats diarrhea due to spleen-stomach cold injury in summer and autumn, with water-grain indistinction and incessant diarrhea.
Ingredients: Wuling San (Five Ling Powder), Pingwei San (Level the Stomach Powder) (both see *Ju Fang*).
Usage: Combine and decoct with ginger and jujube. Taking it on an empty stomach is excellent. Formula by Chen Rihua. (From *Fu Ren Liang Fang*) **Xiangsha Weiling Tang (Agastache and Amomum Stomach-Ling Decoction)** in *She Sheng Zhong Miao Fang*: Treats diarrhea from overeating. Add Xiangru (Elsholtziae Herba) and Sharen (Amomi Fructus) to the base formula.
**Er Yi Wan (Two Suitables Pill):** Treats diarrhea. Decoct Wuling San and Lizhong Wan together, or use Wuling San to deliver Lizhong Wan. Recorded in Liang Shi's *Zong Yao Fang*. (From *Zhu Shi*)
**Sundun Diarrhea:** In severe cases, aggressive purging fails and causes harm. The *Neijing* says: "When symptoms lessen, treat gradually; when they worsen, be cautious." Use Wuling San, remove Zhu Ling, and add Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). (From *Za Ji Jiu Men*)
**Guiling Ganlu Yin (Cassia and Polyporus Sweet Dew Decoction):** Treats damp-heat dysentery with scanty, difficult urination, thirst, and a large, forceful pulse. (From *Bao Ming Ge Kuo*)
**Ruling Tang (Elsholtchia and Polyporus Decoction):** Treats summer diarrhea or impending dysentery. Combine Huanglian Xiangru Yin (Coptis and Elsholtchia Decoction) with Wuling San, grind one dose, decoct with ginger, and take. (From *Yi Jian*) (See also *Zhong Shu* section.)
**Chai Ling Tang (Bupleurum and Polyporus Decoction):** Treats diarrhea with fever, thirst, and interior deficiency. Combine Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with Wuling San, grind one dose, decoct with ginger and jujube, and take. (Ibid.)
**Huanglian Weiling Tang (Coptis Stomach-Ling Decoction):** Treats diarrhea caused by heat invasion, consumption of greasy/hot foods, or drinking unclean alcohol.
Ingredients: Chuan Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, decocted strongly with Evodiae Fructus soup and stir-fried, 1 qian), Gan Ge (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 1 qian), Chi Fuling (Red Poria, 1 qian), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1 qian), Zhu Ling (Polyporus, 0.7 qian), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 0.8 qian), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 1 qian), Chuan Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, stir-fried with ginger juice, 0.7 qian), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, raw and roasted, 0.2 qian each), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 0.5 qian).
Usage: Use 1.5 zhong of water, 7 roots of Dengxin Cao (Junci Medulla), and 1 jujube. Take hot after meals. (From *Hui Yuan*)
Ouyang Xiu (Wenzhong Gong) once suffered from acute diarrhea that national physicians could not cure. His wife said: "There is a medicine in the market for three wen per packet, very effective." He replied: "Our internal organs differ from commoners'; we cannot take it." The wife had it mixed with national physician prescriptions. One dose cured him. He summoned the seller, offered rich gifts, and requested the formula. After much persuasion, he agreed, providing only Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen) powdered, taken with rice drink, 2 qian bi. He said: "This herb promotes water pathways without moving qi. When water pathways are clear, clear and turbid separate, and grain digestion stops naturally." (From *Su Shen Liang Fang*)
[Warming Formulas (Including Warm-Cool Balancing Formulas)]
**Fan Wang Wen Zhong Tang (Fan Wang's Middle-Warming Decoction):** Treats cold diarrhea with undigested food expulsion.
Ingredients: Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Shujiao (Sichuan Pepper Fruit, 80 pods, sweat out, remove closed ones and eyes), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, 1 piece, processed, broken into four).
Usage: Cut the four ingredients. Boil in 2 sheng of water to obtain 1 sheng. Divide into two doses. If vomiting occurs, add 0.5 liang of Ju Pi (Tangerine Peel); old or new peel is fine. Effective. (From *Wai Tai Mi Yao*)
**Sizhu San (Four Pillar Powder):** Treats male yuan organ qi deficiency, true yang dispersion, constant tinnitus, cold pain in navel/abdomen, vertigo, dizziness, limb fatigue, slippery/frequent urination, and incessant diarrhea.
Ingredients: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, processed, peeled, tip removed), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, wrapped in wet paper and baked), Fuling (Poria, each 1 liang).
Usage: Grind to fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 da zhan of water, 2 slices of ginger, 1 jujube, and a little salt. Decoct to 0.7 portion. Take on an empty stomach before meals. Suitable for all with viscera qi weakness. (From *He Ji Ju Fang*) **Baizhu San (Atractylodes Powder)** in *Ben Shi Fang*: Remove Fuling from this formula and add Baizhu (treats accumulation diarrhea). **Liuxu San (Six Pillar Powder)** in *Ji Sheng Fang*: For slippery diarrhea, add Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen) and Hezi (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus) to decoct. (**Huoyou Xin Shu** removes Hezi and adds Baizhu). **Bazhu San (Eight Pillar Powder)** in *Hui Chun*: Treats intestinal-thermal cold with uncontrollable slippery diarrhea. Remove Muxiang and Fuling from Liuxu San, add Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Baizhu, Sukeshell (Papaveris Pericarpium), and Gancao.
To treat diarrhea, add Ju Hong (Tangerine Red Pulp) and Fuling (each 1 liang) to Lizhong Tang, named **Buzhong Tang (Middle-Supporting Decoction)**. To treat persistent loose stools, add Fuzi (1 liang) to Buzhong Tang, named **Fuzi Buzhong Tang**. (From *Yi Jian Fang*)
**Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction):** Treats weak intestines/stomach with gurgling sounds, frequent diarrhea. Add Fuling and Chuan Houpo. (From *Zhi Zhi Fang*)
**Gaoliangjiang Tang (High Ginger Decoction):** Treats wind invading intestines/stomach leading to chronic Sundun diarrhea, dysentery, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Ingredients: Gaoliangjiang (Alpiniae Katsumadai Rhizoma), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Chi Fuling (Red Poria, black skin removed), Binglang (Arecae Semen, crushed), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) (each 3 fen), Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen, shell removed), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, soaked in soup, baked, stir-fried), Chen Jupi (Tangerine Peel, soaked in soup, white pith removed, stir-fried), Suosha Mi (Amomi Fructus, peeled, each 0.5 liang), Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed, 1 fen).
Usage: Coarsely crush ten ingredients. Take 4 qian bi per dose, add 1.5 zhan of water, decoct to 0.8 zhan, remove dregs. Take anytime, three times daily. (From *Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
**Doufu Wan (Myristica and Aconite Pill):** Treats men and women with weak intestines/stomach, internal wind-cold, indigestion, profuse diarrhea, abdominal pain, borborygmus, cold limbs, and ineffectiveness of other drugs.
Ingredients: Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen, processed), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, processed, peeled, umbilicus removed), Bai Fuling (White Poria, baked, each 4 liang), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, not exposed to fire), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex, rough bark removed), Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed, each 2 liang), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos, not exposed to fire, 1 liang).
Usage: Grind to fine powder. Make pills with ginger juice and flour paste, size of Sophora seeds. Take 50-100 pills per dose, swallowed with ginger soup or rice drink, on an empty stomach before meals. (From *He Ji Ju Fang*) I previously suffered from loose stools, needing to use the toilet every dawn. Someone advised me to buy Doufu Wan. It cured me immediately. (From *Zi Sheng Jing*) Named **Guixiang Wan (Cinnamon and Aucklandia Pill)** in *San Yin Fang*.
**Suosha Wan (Amomum Pill):** Treats cold qi water diarrhea, 20-30 times day/night, abdominal pain, and limb discomfort.
Ingredients: Suosha (Amomi Fructus, peeled), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, stir-fried), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, processed), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, washed seven times in soup, stir-fried/baked, 1 liang), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed, each 0.5 liang).
Usage: Grind to powder. Mix with vinegar and soft rice to make pills, size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, with rice drink. (From *Shen Qiao Wan Quan Fang*)
**Jushu Wan:** Treats wind-damp in spleen/stomach and visceral slippery diarrhea.
Ingredients: Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Shenqu (Massae Fermentatae Medicinalis, sand-fried), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, processed, peeled, umbilicus removed, equal parts).
Usage: Grind to fine powder. Make pills with paste, size of Sophora seeds. Take 30-50 pills per dose, with rice drink.
Left's account: When Chu besieged Xiao, Xiao was about to fall. Shenshu Zhan told Huan Wushe: "Do you have Mai Qu (wheat malt)? Do you have Shan Ju Shu?" Ju Shu is Xiong (Ligusticum). The intent was to instruct escaping into water to avoid disaster, knowing Xiong can dispel dampness. I once added Baizhu and Fuzi to this formula to treat spleen dampness diarrhea, with universal success. This drug also treats Sundun diarrhea. *Suwen* says: "Wind injury in spring leads to Sundun diarrhea in summer." Sundun means undigested food. Likely, when spring wood is prosperous, Liver generates wind evil, overflowing to the Spleen meridian. In summer, drinking cold and exposing to wind causes much Sundun diarrhea; this drug is particularly suitable. (From *Ben Shi Fang*) **Pufu Wan (Magnolia and Aconite Pill)** in *De Xiao Fang*: Treats weak spleen origin, chronic spleen diarrhea, and incessant cold diarrhea. Remove Xiong and Baizhu from the base formula, add Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) and Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma).
**Danggui Houpo Tang (Angelica and Magnolia Decoction):** Treats Liver meridian cold invasion, blueish-pale face,厥逆 (reversal cold), and diarrhea.
Ingredients: Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, stir-fried), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, prepared, each 2 liang), Guanzi Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 liang), Liangjiang (Alpiniae Katsumadai Rhizoma, 5 liang).
Usage: Coarsely chop. Take three doses, before meals. (From *Zhi Zhi Fang*)
**Jiangshui San (Fermented Rice Water Powder):** Treats acute watery diarrhea, whole-body sweating, coldness, faint/weak pulse, shortness of breath/inability to speak, and severe vomiting. This is an emergency; treat with this.
Ingredients: Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 2 qian, washed in soup), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, 0.5 liang, baked), Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 5 qian), Liangjiang (Alpiniae Katsumadai Rhizoma, 2.5 qian), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 5 qian), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 5 qian).
Usage: Grind to fine powder. Take 3-5 qian per dose, add 2 zhan of fermented rice water (Jiangshui), decoct to 1 zhan. Take with dregs. Severe cases: 3-4 doses; mild cases: 3 doses. (From *Bao Ming Ji*)
**Lianli Tang (Coptis and Regulate-Middle Decoction):** Lizhong Tang plus Fuling and Huanglian. (From *Yao Jue*) (Detailed in Summer Diarrhea section.)
**Zhuyu Wan (Evodia Pill):** Treats incessant water diarrhea.
Ingredients: Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, 2 liang, soaked in soup seven times, baked dry, slightly fried), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 2 liang, remove stamens, slightly fried).
Usage: Pound and sieve to powder. Mix with soft rice to make pills, size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills per dose at any time, with rice drink. (From *Sheng Hui Fang*) *Sheng Ji* treats Sundun diarrhea, indigestion, and various dysenteries with **Zhuyu Tang**, which is this formula decocted in water. (Also treats pus-blood dysentery; **Er Yi San** is this formula powdered.) *Yuan He Ji Yong Jing* **Huanglian Tang** treats elderly/young diarrhea and red-white dysentery. Add Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 1 liang, chopped), divide into eight doses. Each dose: boil 8.5 sheng water to 1 sheng, add Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, 1 fen), boil until dissolved, remove dregs, divide into three doses, take warm. Another method: add Gancao powder, mix with Mugwort soup, also very effective. (Compare with Wuji Wan in *Zhi Xia* section.)
Shi Wan treated General Chen Mengyong, who had diarrhea, abdominal distension, and pain. After taking Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), distension and urgency worsened. Pulse was large, full, and rapid, but soft upon pressure. Qi Kou pulse was three times larger than Ren Ying pulse. This indicated damp-heat damaging spleen-stomach qi. Prescribed Houpo Shengjiang Gancao Banxia Renshen Tang (Magnolia, Fresh Ginger, Licorice, Pinellia, Ginseng Decoction) for two doses; pain stopped, distension reduced, but diarrhea persisted. Then prescribed Ganjiang Huangqin Huanglian Renshen Tang (Dry Ginger, Scutellaria, Coptis, Ginseng Decoction) for two doses; diarrhea stopped, but appetite remained poor. Finally prescribed Banxia Xiexin Tang (Pinellia Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium) for two doses, bringing peace. (From *Yi Tong*)
[Harmonizing Interior Formulas]
**Weifeng Tang (Stomach Wind Decoction):** Treats adults and children where wind-cold invades the intestines/stomach due to deficiency, causing indigestion, profuse diarrhea, abdominal/flank fullness, borborygmus, pain, damp-toxin in intestines/stomach, stool like bean curd dregs, or blood stasis, day and night without limit.
Ingredients: Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex, rough bark removed), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, rhizome removed), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, seedlings removed), Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria, peeled, equal parts).
Usage: Coarsely crush. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 da zhan of water and over 100 millet grains. Decoct to 0.7 portion, remove dregs, take slightly warm on an empty stomach. Reduce dosage for children according to capacity. (From *He Ji Ju Fang*) (Note: *Yi Jian Fang* says: This drug also treats Intestinal Wind bleeding and women's uterine bleeding, with sallow complexion and tendon/muscle weakness; it is especially nourishing. However, its nature and flavor are unfavorable to the intestines/stomach, potentially damaging grain qi. Also, *Xu Yi Jian Hou Ji* has a different formula, recorded in *Zhi Xia*.)
Remove Danggui from Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Center-Supporting Qi-Boosting Decoction) for slippery diarrhea and stuffiness. (Yi Fang Kao) The *Neijing* says: "For Sundun diarrhea, select the Three Yin meridians." The Three Yin refers to the Taiyin. Use Buzhong Yiqi Tang, substituting Danggui with Baishao as the main herb. (From *Zhun Sheng*)
**Sanbai San (Three Whites Powder):** Treats dampness invasion, lazy limbs, scanty urine, or diarrhea, loose stools, mental heaviness, and reduced appetite. Suitable for regulating stomach and removing dampness.
Ingredients: Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix).
Usage: Equal parts, decoct in water. For severe abdominal pain, add Danggui and double Shaoyao. (From *Yi Lin Ji Yao*)
**Sanbai San (Three Whites Powder):** Treats all types of diarrhea miraculously.
Ingredients: Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, remove rhizome, stir-fry, 1.5 qian), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, stir-fry, 1.5 qian), Bai Fuling (White Poria, peel, 1 qian), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 1 qian), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, stir-fry with ginger), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, stir-fry, each 1 qian), Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, stir-fry, 0.5 qian), Wumei Rou (Mume Fructus pulp, decoct use 2 qian, pill use 3 qian). If complicated by food retention, add Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata, stir-fry) and Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, stir-fry), each 1 qian.
Usage: Coarsely chop. Decoct with 3 slices of ginger in water, take before meals. For powder form, make pills with Shenqu; efficacy is even better. (From *Bao Yuan*)
**Yifu Jian (Suppress and Support Decoction):** Treats cold qi and yin cold, or acute injury from raw/cold foods leading to diarrhea/dysentery.
Ingredients: Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Wuyao (Linderae Radix, each 1.5 qian), Zhuling (Polyporus, 2 qian), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 2 qian), Zhi Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 1 qian), Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed, 1-2 qian), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, prepared, 0.5-0.7 qian).
Usage: 1.5 zhong of water, decoct to 0.7 portion. Take warm far from meals. If qi stagnation causes severe pain, add Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) 0.5-0.7 qian, or Sharen (Amomi Fructus) is also acceptable. (From *Jing Yue Quan Shu*)
[Solidifying Stomach and Warming Origin Methods (Including External Treatment)]
For prolonged diarrhea with anus like a bamboo tube, uncontrolled output, and sinking qi: Shengyang Bupi Tang (Raise Yang Tonify Spleen Decoction) or Buzhong Yiqi Tang plus Baishao.
For qi about to collapse: Zhenren Yangzang Tang (True Man Nourish Viscera Decoction) plus Fuzi, or Sizhu San, Da Duansha Wan (Great Stop-Down Pill, pungent-hot astringent agent), Gu Koufu Wan (Cardamom and Aconite Pill), Xiangrong Wan (Musk and Deer Antler Pill).
For slippery bowel movements with seminal emission: Wanquan Wan (Complete Health Pill) [Chishizhi (Halloysit Rubrum), Jiangjiang, Hujiao (Piperis Longi Fructus), originally from Kou's formula]. (From *Ru Men*)
If truly viscera deficiency with slippery diarrhea, confirmed no abdominal pain, pulse faint/deficient and not deep/stagnant, one can use warm-astringent drugs to secure. (From *Jin Kui Yi*)
**Shenling Baizhu San (Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes Powder):** Treats spleen-stomach weakness, poor appetite, fatigue, low strength, epigastric fullness/stuffiness, palpitations, asthma, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Ingredients: Baibian Dou (Phaseoli Semen Album), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, remove rhizome), Bai Fuling (White Poria), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, stir-fry), Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) (each 2 jin), Lianzi Rou (Nelumbinis Semen, remove skin), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, stir-fry to dark yellow), Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), Suosha (Amomi Fructus, extract kernel, each 1 jin).
Usage: Grind to fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mix with jujube soup. Adjust dosage for children by age. (From *He Ji Ju Fang*)
For chronic illness weakness, elderly, and qi-deficient persons with prolonged visceral diarrhea: Provide Rendoukou San (Ginseng and Cardamom Powder), Nouchang Wan (Thicken Intestine Pill), or Shenling Baizhu San. (From *Zhi Nan*)
**Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction):** Treats visceral deficiency, epigastric/abdominal fullness, vomiting/reflux, anorexia, borborygmus, and diarrhea.
Ingredients: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma), Bai Fuling (White Poria), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen, wrap in wet paper, bake熟, chop, wrap in thick paper, press out oil), Hezi (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus, bake, remove pit, equal parts).
Usage: Coarsely chop. Take 3 qian per dose, add 3 slices of ginger and 2 red dates, decoct and take. Or grind to powder, take with hot salt water. (From *De Xiao Fang*)