上为末，每服四钱，水一盏，入大豆百余粒，煎至六分，去滓服之。（《事证》）
人参石膏汤，治膈消，上焦烦渴，不欲多食。（《保命集》）（按∶即白虎加人参汤，去粳米。）
兰香饮子，治渴饮水极甚，善食而瘦，自汗，大便结燥，小便频数。
石膏（三钱） 酒知母（一钱半） 生甘草（一钱） 炙甘草（半钱） 人参（半钱） 防风（一钱）
半夏（二分汤浸） 兰香（半钱） 白豆 蔻仁 连翘 桔梗 升麻（各半钱）
上同为细末，汤浸蒸饼和匀成剂，捻作薄片子，日中晒半干，碎如米，每服二钱，食后淡生姜汤送下。（《试效
方》）
竹叶黄 汤，治消渴证，气血虚，胃火盛而作渴。
淡竹叶 生地黄（各二钱） 黄 麦门冬 当归 川芎 黄芩（炒） 甘草 芍药 人参 半夏 石膏
（各一钱）
上水煎服。（《法律》）
治热病后，虚热渴，四肢烦疼方。
葛根（一斤） 人参 甘草（各一两） 竹叶（一把）
上四味 咀，以水一斗五升，煮取五升，渴即饮之，日三夜二。（《千金》）
治消渴，体热烦躁，宜服此方。
地骨皮（一两） 栝蒌根（一两） 芦根（一两锉） 人参（半两去芦头） 麦门冬（一两半去心） 赤茯
苓（三分） 生干地黄（一两） 黄芩（三分）
上件药捣筛为散，每服四钱，以水一中盏，入生姜半分，小麦一百粒，淡竹叶二七片，煎至六分去滓，不计
时候温服。（《圣惠》）又治消渴，心躁烦热，不得睡卧，麦门
冬散，于本方去地骨皮、芦根、小麦、加川升麻、黄连、柴胡、甘草。
麦门冬饮子，治膈消，胸满心烦，津液燥少，短气，多为消渴。
人参 茯神 麦门冬 知母 五味子 生地黄 甘草（炒） 栝蒌根 葛根（各等分）
上 咀，每服五钱，水二盏，竹叶十四片，煎至七分，去渣温服无时。（《宝鉴》）（按∶此本出《宣明论》，
今以栝蒌根代栝蒌实。又此方与上方，俱自《千金》茯神汤变化来。）《统旨》名生津甘露饮，用天花粉。
参苓饮子，治口干燥，生津液，思饮食。
麦门冬（去心） 五味子 白芍药 熟地黄 黄 （各三两） 白茯苓（二钱半） 天门冬 人参 甘草（各五钱）
上为粗末，每服三钱，水一盏半，生姜三片，枣子二个，乌梅一个，煎至一盏，去渣温服食后。（《宝鉴》）
生地黄膏，渴证通用。
生地黄（束如常碗大二把） 冬蜜（一碗） 人参（半两） 白茯苓（一两）
上将地黄洗切研细，以新水一碗调开，同蜜煎至半，次入参、苓末拌和，瓷器密收，匙挑服。（《直指》）（按∶
此即琼玉膏，详见《虚劳》中。）消渴而小便频数，宜生津甘露饮，琼玉膏亦妙。（《丹溪》）三消者，琼玉膏最妙。
（《正传》）《济世全书》加麦门冬一两，五味子五钱。
五味子汤，大治口燥舌干，此是肾水竭也。
北五味子（真者） 绵黄 （生去芦） 人参（去芦） 麦门冬（去心各一两） 粉草（炙半两）
上 咀，每服半两，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓温服无时
候，一日一夜五、七服妙。（《外科精要》）《寿世》入朱砂少许服。
治消渴初因酒得，人参汤方。
人参 甘草（半生半炙各一两）
上二味粗捣筛，以 猪水去滓澄清，取五升，同煎至二升半，去滓，渴即饮之，永瘥。（《圣济》）
如大病后及欲瘥而渴，宜浓煎独参汤，入朱砂末冷服。又竹叶石膏汤。（《如宜》）
当归六黄汤，治消渴体虚，宜常服之。（《乾坤生意》）（方见《伤寒·虚汗》中）
三消，皆禁用半夏。
黄连末 天花粉末 藕汁 人乳汁 生地黄汁
上后三味汁为膏，入前二味搜和，佐以姜汁和蜜为膏，徐徐留舌上，以白汤少许送下。能食者，加软石膏。
消渴若泄泻，先用白术、白芍药炒为末调服后，却服前药。（《丹溪》）
补肾诸方 加减肾气丸，治劳伤肾经，肾水不足，心火自用，口舌焦干，多渴而利，精神恍惚，面赤心
烦，腰痛脚弱，肢体羸瘦，不能起止。
山茱萸（取肉） 白茯苓（去皮） 牡丹皮（去木） 熟地黄（酒蒸） 五味子 泽泻 鹿角（镑） 山药（锉
炒各一两） 沉香（不见火） 官桂（不见火各半两）
上为细末，炼蜜为丸，如梧桐子大，每服七十丸，用盐汤、米饮任下。弱甚，加附子一两。（《济生》）
（宜参前“治肾为要”条）
加味地黄丸，治下消。
山药（炒） 山茱萸 北五味 泽泻（去毛） 黄柏（盐水炒）
知母（各四两青盐水炒） 怀生地（八两） 牡丹皮（炒） 白茯苓（去皮各二两五钱）
上为末，蜜丸如梧桐子大，每服三钱，空心滚汤下。（《玉案》）
玄菟丹，治三消渴症神药，常服禁遗精，止白浊，延年驻色。
菟丝子（酒浸通软，乘湿研，焙干，别取末十两） 白茯苓 干莲肉（各三两） 五味子（酒浸别为末秤七
两）
上为末，别研干山药末六两，将所浸酒余者，添酒煮糊，搜和得所，捣数千杵，丸如梧桐子大，每服五十丸，
米汤下，空心食前服。（《和济》）（按∶此方出《是斋》，曰∶五味子一名玄及）《续易简后集》鹿兔煎，于
本方去莲肉，加鹿茸，以生地黄汁搜和丸。
治大渴后虚乏，小便滑数，腿胫无力，日渐羸瘦，鹿茸丸方。
鹿茸（二两去毛涂酥炙令黄） 肉苁蓉（二两酒浸一宿刮去皴皮炙干） 附子（一两炮裂去皮脐） 黄 （一两半
锉） 石斛（一两半去根锉） 五味子（一两） 菟丝子（一两半酒浸二日曝干别捣为末） 白龙骨（一两） 桑螵蛸
（二两微炒） 白蒺藜（一两微炒去刺）
上件药捣罗为末，炼蜜和捣三二百杵，丸如梧桐子大，每日空心及晚食前，以清粥饮下三十丸。（《圣惠》）
鹿茸丸，治失志伤肾，肾虚消渴，小便无度。
鹿茸（去毛切炙三分） 麦门冬（去心二两） 熟地黄 黄 鸡 （麸炒） 苁蓉（酒浸） 山茱萸 破故纸
（炒） 牛膝（酒浸） 五味子（各三分） 茯苓 玄参 地骨皮（各半两） 人参（三分）
上为末，蜜丸如梧子大，每服三十丸至五十丸，米汤下。
（《三因》）
鹿茸丸，治渴疾。（赵司法服之有效）
鹿茸（二两） 菟丝子（一两浸酒蒸） 天花粉（半两）
上炼蜜为丸，每服五十丸，空心北五味子汤服。（《朱氏》）《得效》龙凤丸，于本方去天花粉，加山药。
治消渴小便数，鹿角一具，炙令焦，捣筛，酒服方寸匕，渐渐加至一匕半。（《肘后》）《千金》消中，日
夜尿七八升方，同。
斑龙脑珠丹。
鹿角霜（十两为细末） 鹿角胶（十两酒浸数日煮糊丸众药） 菟丝子（十两酒浸蒸作饼焙干） 柏子仁（
十两净别研） 熟干地黄（十两酒浸两宿蒸焙干以余酒入胶用）
上将众药研调，却以鹿角胶酒三四升煮糊搜药，杵一二千下，丸梧桐子大，早晚空心食前，盐汤或酒任下五
十丸至百丸。（《续易简后集》）
胡桃丸，治消肾，亦云内消，多因快情纵欲，极意房中，年少惧不能房，多服丹石，及失志伤肾，遂致唇口干
焦，精溢自出，或小便赤黄，五色浮浊，大便燥实，小便大利而不甚渴。
白茯苓 胡桃肉（汤去薄皮别研） 附子（大者一枚，去皮脐，切作片，生姜汁一盏，蛤粉一分，同煮干，焙。）
上等分为末，蜜丸如梧子大，米饮下三五十丸。或为散，以米饮调下。食前服。（《三因》）
补中诸方 黄 汤，治消中，虚劳少气，小便数方。
黄 芍药 生姜 桂心 当归 甘草（各二两） 麦门冬 干地黄 黄芩（各一两） 大枣（三十枚）
上十味 咀，以水一斗，煮取三升，分三服，日三。
（《千金》）
大建中汤，治强中，或谓之脾消。（《医林集要》）
（按∶即《千金》大建中汤，方出《虚劳》中。）
黄 六一汤，或先渴而欲发疮疖，或病痈疽而后渴者，宜服此。常服平补血气，安和五脏。
甘草（一两炙） 黄 （六两去芦蜜涂炙）
上 咀，每服二钱，水一盏，枣一枚，煎至七分，去滓温服，不拘时候。（《和剂》）《外科精要》为细末，
每服二钱，早晨日午，以白汤点，当汤水服，若饮时初杯用酒调服尤妙。
钱氏白术散，治消中，消谷善饥。
加北五味子 柴胡 枳壳（制各半两）
上粗末，每三钱，新水煎服。（《直指》）
治消渴伤中，小便无度方。
黄雌鸡一只（治如吃法）
上煮令极烂，漉去鸡，停冷取汁饮之。（《食医心鉴》）（按∶《千金翼》有用自死鸡方。）
治补虚羸，止渴，牛乳方。取牛乳不拣冷暖，任性饮之。（同上）（按∶《千金翼》有牛乳一升，以水四升，
煎取一升方。）
固脱方 铅丹散，主消渴，止小便数，兼消中方。
铅丹 胡粉（各一分） 栝蒌根 甘草（各十分） 泽泻 石膏 赤石脂 白石脂（各五分《肘后》作贝母）
上八味治下筛，水服方寸匕，日三，壮人一匕半。一年病者一日愈，二年病者二日愈，渴甚者夜二服，腹痛者
减之。丸服亦佳，一服十丸，伤多令人腹痛。（《千金》）（按∶此本出《肘后》，酒服。考《本草》黑字，铅
丹、胡粉、栝蒌根，并止小便利。泽泻，起阴气，止泄精消渴淋沥。可知此
方为涩剂矣。）
泻热诸方 巴郡太守奏三黄丸，治男子五劳七伤，消渴，不生肌肉，妇人带下，手足寒热者方。（《千
金》）（按∶原载四时加减法，以蜜为丸如大豆，饮服五丸，日三，不知稍加至七丸，取下而已云云，宜考。）
顺气散，治消中，热在胃而能食，小便赤黄，微利之为效，不可多利，服此药渐渐利之，不欲多食则愈。（《保命
集》）（按∶即小承气汤。）
治心脾实热，烦渴不止，知母散方。
知母（一两） 芦根（一两半） 栝蒌根（一两） 麦门冬（一两） 黄芩（三分） 川大黄（一两）
甘草（半两）
上件药捣筛为散，每服四钱，以水一中盏，煎至六分去滓，不计时候温服。（《圣惠》）
大黄甘草饮子，治男子妇人一切消渴，不能止者。
大豆五升（先煮三沸出淘苦水再煮） 大黄（一两半） 甘草（大粗者四两长四指打碎）
上三味，用井水一桶，将前药同煮三五时，如稠糨，水少更添，豆软，盛于盆中放冷，令病患食豆，渴食汤
汁，无时候。食尽如燥渴止罢，不止再煮前药，不三次病悉愈。（《宣明》）
奇治诸方（消渴有虫酒果为渴）治消渴热盛，心神烦乱，宜服此方。
蚕蛹（二两）
上以无灰酒一中盏，水一大盏，同煮取一中盏，澄清去蚕蛹服之。（《圣惠》）茧丝汤，治渴神效。煮茧缫
丝汤，任意饮之顿效。如非时，以丝或绵煎汤服。（《直指》）
杀虫方，治消渴有虫（出《夷坚志》），苦楝根取新白
皮一握切焙，入麝少许，水二碗，煎至一碗，空心饮之，虽困顿不妨，自后下虫三四条，状如蛔虫，其色真红
而渴顿止，乃知消渴一证，有虫耗其津液。（《直指》）（按∶消渴不得必有虫，疑是蛔之为渴者也。）
眉山有杨颖臣者，长七尺，健饮啖，倜傥人也。忽得消渴疾，日饮水数斗，食倍常而数溺，服消渴药逾年，
疾日甚，自度必死，治棺衾，嘱其子于人。蜀有良医张元隐之子，不记其名，为诊脉，笑曰∶君几误死矣。取麝
香当门子，以酒濡之，作十许丸，取枳枸子为汤，饮之遂愈。问其故。张生言∶消渴、消中皆脾衰而肾惫，土不
能胜水，肾液不上 ，乃成此疾。今诊颖臣脾脉极热而肾不衰，当由果实、酒过度，虚热在脾，故饮食兼人而多
饮水，水既多不得不多溺也，非消渴也。麝香能败酒，瓜果近辄不实，而枳枸子亦能胜酒。屋外有此木，屋中酿
酒不熟。以其木为屋，其下亦不可酿酒。故以此二物为药，以去酒、果之毒也。（《苏沈》）
灸刺 凡消渴病，经百日以上者，不得灸刺；灸刺，则于疮上漏脓水不歇，遂致痈疽羸瘦而死。亦忌有
所误伤，但作针许大疮，所饮之水，皆于疮中变成脓水而出。若水出不止者必死，慎之慎之。初得患者，可如
方灸刺之佳。（《千金》）（按∶《外台》举此论，附有驳辨，今揭于下。）
既今亦得消渴，且未免饮水，水入疮即损人。今初得日，岂得令其灸刺，致此误伤之过，辄将未顺其理，且
取百日以上为能，未悟初灸之说，故不录灸刺。凡灸刺则外脱其气，消渴皆是宣疾，灸刺特不相宜，唯香港脚宜即
灸之，是以不取灸穴者耳。（《外台》）
调摄法 其所慎者有三∶一饮酒，二房室，三咸食及面。能慎此者，虽不服药而自可无他。不知此者，纵有金
丹，亦不可救，深思慎之。（《千金》）
又宜食者，每间五六日空腹一食饼，以精羊肉及黄雌鸡为 ，此可温也。若取下气不食肉，菜食者，宜煮牛
膝、韭、蔓菁。又宜食鸡子、马肉，此物微壅，亦可疗宣疾也。壅之过度，便发香港脚。犹如善为政者，宽以济猛，
将药物研成细末，每次服用四钱，加水一盏，放入一百多粒大豆，煎煮至剩余六分药液，滤去药渣后服用。（出自《事证》）
人参石膏汤，治疗膈消（以口渴多饮、胸膈烦热为主要表现的消渴病），症见上焦烦渴，不想多吃食物。（出自《保命集》）（按：即白虎加人参汤，去掉粳米。）
兰香饮子，治疗口渴饮水极多，食欲旺盛但身体消瘦，自汗出，大便干结燥硬，小便频数。
石膏（三钱） 酒制知母（一钱半） 生甘草（一钱） 炙甘草（半钱） 人参（半钱） 防风（一钱）
半夏（二分，用汤浸泡） 兰香（半钱） 白豆蔻仁 连翘 桔梗 升麻（各半钱）
以上药物共同研为细末，用汤浸泡蒸饼调和均匀制成剂型，搓成薄片，在太阳下晒至半干，捣碎如米粒大小，每次服用二钱，饭后用淡生姜汤送服。（出自《试效方》）
竹叶黄耆汤，治疗消渴证，气血虚弱，胃火旺盛而致口渴。
淡竹叶 生地黄（各二钱） 黄耆 麦门冬 当归 川芎 黄芩（炒） 甘草 芍药 人参 半夏 石膏（各一钱）
以上药物加水煎煮服用。（出自《法律》）
治疗热病之后，虚热口渴，四肢烦痛的方法。
葛根（一斤） 人参 甘草（各一两） 竹叶（一把）
以上四味药切碎，用水一斗五升，煮取五升药液，口渴时饮用，白天三次，夜间两次。（出自《千金》）
治疗消渴，身体发热烦躁，适宜服用此方。
地骨皮（一两） 栝蒌根（一两） 芦根（一两，锉碎） 人参（半两，去芦头） 麦门冬（一两半，去心） 赤茯苓（三分） 生干地黄（一两） 黄芩（三分）
以上药物捣碎过筛制成散剂，每次服用四钱，用水一中盏，加入生姜半分，小麦一百粒，淡竹叶十四片，煎煮至剩余六分，滤去药渣，不限时候温服。（出自《圣惠》）又治疗消渴，心中烦躁发热，无法入睡，可用麦门冬散，在本方基础上去掉地骨皮、芦根、小麦，加入川升麻、黄连、柴胡、甘草。
麦门冬饮子，治疗膈消，胸中胀满心烦，津液干燥稀少，气短，多发展为消渴。
人参 茯神 麦门冬 知母 五味子 生地黄 甘草（炒） 栝蒌根 葛根（各等分）
以上药物切碎，每次服用五钱，水二盏，竹叶十四片，煎煮至剩余七分，滤去药渣，不限时候温服。（出自《宝鉴》）（按：此方原本出自《宣明论》，现在用栝蒌根代替栝蒌实。另外此方与上方，都是从《千金》的茯神汤变化而来。）《统旨》称之为生津甘露饮，使用天花粉。
参苓饮子，治疗口舌干燥，生津液，思慕饮食。
麦门冬（去心） 五味子 白芍药 熟地黄 黄耆（各三两） 白茯苓（二钱半） 天门冬 人参 甘草（各五钱）
以上药物制成粗末，每次服用三钱，水一盏半，生姜三片，枣子二个，乌梅一个，煎煮至一盏，滤去药渣，饭后温服。（出自《宝鉴》）
生地黄膏，通用治疗各种渴证。
生地黄（捆扎如平常碗大小，两大把） 冬蜜（一碗） 人参（半两） 白茯苓（一两）
先将地黄洗净切碎研细，用新水一碗调开，同蜂蜜煎煮至减半，然后加入人参、茯苓的粉末拌和，装入瓷器中密封保存，用勺挑服。（出自《直指》）（按：这就是琼玉膏，详见《虚劳》篇中。）消渴且小便频数，适宜用生津甘露饮，琼玉膏也很好。（出自《丹溪》）三消病中，琼玉膏最为妙用。（出自《正传》）《济世全书》在此方中加入麦门冬一两，五味子五钱。
五味子汤，主要治疗口燥舌干，这是肾水枯竭的表现。
北五味子（真品） 绵黄耆（生用，去芦） 人参（去芦） 麦门冬（去心，各一两） 粉草（炙，半两）
以上药物切碎，每次服用半两，水一盏半，煎煮至八分，滤去药渣，不限时候温服，一天一夜服用五到七次效果佳。（出自《外科精要》）《寿世》在此方中加入少许朱砂服用。
治疗消渴最初因饮酒引起的人参汤方。
人参 甘草（一半生用，一半炙用，各一两）
以上两味药粗捣过筛，用猪脂水滤去药渣澄清，取五升，同煎至二升半，滤去药渣，口渴时饮用，可永久痊愈。（出自《圣济》）
如大病之后以及病情快要痊愈时出现口渴，适宜浓煎独参汤，加入朱砂末冷服。另外也可用竹叶石膏汤。（出自《如宜》）
当归六黄汤，治疗消渴体质虚弱，适宜常服。（出自《乾坤生意》）（方剂见《伤寒·虚汗》篇中）
三消病，都禁用半夏。
黄连末 天花粉末 藕汁 人乳汁 生地黄汁
以上后三种汁液熬成膏，加入前两种粉末混合搅拌，佐以姜汁和蜂蜜制成膏状，慢慢含于舌上，用少量白开水送下。能进食者，加软石膏。
若消渴伴有泄泻，先用白术、白芍药炒成末调服，然后再服用前面的药物。（出自《丹溪》）
补肾诸方
加减肾气丸，治疗劳伤肾经，肾水不足，心火独自亢盛，口舌焦干，多渴且腹泻，精神恍惚，面色红赤心烦，腰痛脚弱，肢体瘦弱，不能起身行动。
山茱萸（取肉） 白茯苓（去皮） 牡丹皮（去木心） 熟地黄（酒蒸） 五味子 泽泻 鹿角（镑片） 山药（锉碎炒，各一两） 沉香（不见火） 官桂（不见火，各半两）
以上药物研为细末，炼蜜为丸，如梧桐子大小，每次服用七十丸，用盐汤或米饮任其送下。体弱者，加附子一两。（出自《济生》）（宜参考前文“治肾为要”条）
加味地黄丸，治疗下消。
山药（炒） 山茱萸 北五味 泽泻（去毛） 黄柏（盐水炒）
知母（各四两，青盐水炒） 怀生地（八两） 牡丹皮（炒） 白茯苓（去皮，各二两五钱）
以上药物研为末，蜜丸如梧桐子大小，每次服用三钱，空腹用滚开水送下。（出自《玉案》）
玄菟丹，治疗三消渴症的特效药，常服可禁遗精，止白浊，延年益寿，保持容颜。
菟丝子（酒浸透软，趁湿研磨，焙干，另取粉末十两） 白茯苓 干莲肉（各三两） 五味子（酒浸，另研为末，秤七两）
以上药物研为末，另研干山药末六两，将所剩的酒，添酒煮成糊状，搜索混合均匀，捣数千杵，丸如梧桐子大小，每次服用五十丸，米汤送下，空腹饭前服用。（出自《和济》）（按：此方出自《是斋》，说：五味子又名玄及）《续易简后集》鹿兔煎，在本方中去掉莲肉，加入鹿茸，用生地黄汁搜索混合制成丸剂。
治疗大渴之后身体虚弱乏力，小便滑数，腿胫无力，日渐消瘦，鹿茸丸方。
鹿茸（二两，去毛涂酥炙令黄色） 肉苁蓉（二两，酒浸一夜，刮去皱皮，炙干） 附子（一两，炮裂，去皮脐） 黄耆（一两半，锉） 石斛（一两半，去根锉） 五味子（一两） 菟丝子（一两半，酒浸两日，曝干，另捣为末） 白龙骨（一两） 桑螵蛸（二两，微炒） 白蒺藜（一两，微炒，去刺）
以上药物捣罗为末，炼蜜混合捣三二百杵，丸如梧桐子大小，每天空腹及晚食前，用清粥饮送下三十丸。（出自《圣惠》）
鹿茸丸，治疗失志伤肾，肾虚消渴，小便无度。
鹿茸（去毛切，炙，三分） 麦门冬（去心，二两） 熟地黄 黄耆 鸡内金（麸炒） 苁蓉（酒浸） 山茱萸 破故纸（炒） 牛膝（酒浸） 五味子（各三分） 茯苓 玄参 地骨皮（各半两） 人参（三分）
以上药物研为末，蜜丸如梧子大小，每次服用三十丸至五十丸，米汤送下。
（出自《三因》）
鹿茸丸，治疗渴疾。（赵司法服用有效）
鹿茸（二两） 菟丝子（一两，浸酒蒸） 天花粉（半两）
以上炼蜜为丸，每次服用五十丸，空腹用北五味子汤送服。（出自《朱氏》）《得效》龙凤丸，在本方中去掉天花粉，加入山药。
治疗消渴小便频数，鹿角一具，炙令焦黑，捣碎过筛，用酒送服方寸匕，逐渐增加至一匕半。（出自《肘后》）《千金》治疗消中，日夜尿七八升的方子，与此相同。
斑龙脑珠丹。
鹿角霜（十两，为细末） 鹿角胶（十两，酒浸数日，煮糊丸众药） 菟丝子（十两，酒浸蒸作饼，焙干） 柏子仁（十两，净，另研） 熟干地黄（十两，酒浸两夜，蒸焙干，用余酒入胶用）
以上将众药研磨调匀，再用鹿角胶酒三四升煮糊搜索药物，捣一二千下，丸梧桐子大小，早晚空腹饭前，盐汤或酒任其送下五十丸至百丸。（出自《续易简后集》）
胡桃丸，治疗消肾，也称内消，多因纵欲过度，极力行房，年少时害怕不能行房，多服丹石类药物，以及失志伤肾，导致唇口干焦，精液自溢，或小便赤黄，五色浮浊，大便燥实，小便通利但不怎么口渴。
白茯苓 胡桃肉（汤去薄皮，另研） 附子（大者一枚，去皮脐，切成片，用生姜汁一盏，蛤粉一分，同煮干，焙干。）
以上等分为末，蜜丸如梧子大小，米饮送下三五十丸。或制成散剂，用米饮调下。饭前服用。（出自《三因》）
补中诸方
黄耆汤，治疗消中，虚劳少气，小便频数的方子。
黄耆 芍药 生姜 桂心 当归 甘草（各二两） 麦门冬 干地黄 黄芩（各一两） 大枣（三十枚）
以上十味药切碎，用水一斗，煮取三升，分三次服用，每天三次。
（出自《千金》）
大建中汤，治疗强中，或者称为脾消。（出自《医林集要》）
（按：即《千金》大建中汤，方剂出自《虚劳》篇中。）
黄耆六一汤，或者先口渴而后想发疮疖，或者患痈疽而后口渴者，适宜服用此方。常服可平和补血气，安和五脏。
甘草（一两，炙） 黄耆（六两，去芦，蜜涂炙）
以上切碎，每次服用二钱，水一盏，枣一枚，煎煮至七分，滤去药渣温服，不拘时候。（出自《和剂》）《外科精要》将其制成细末，每次服用二钱，早晨日午，用白开水冲服，当汤水喝，如果饮用时初杯用酒调服尤其好。
钱氏白术散，治疗消中，消谷善饥。
加北五味子 柴胡 枳壳（制，各半两）
以上粗末，每次三钱，新水煎服。（出自《直指》）
治疗消渴伤中，小便无度的方子。
黄雌鸡一只（处理如食用方法）
以上煮至极烂，捞出鸡肉，冷却后取汁饮用。（出自《食医心鉴》）（按：《千金翼》有用死鸡的方子。）
治疗补虚羸，止渴，牛乳方。取牛乳不拣冷暖，随意饮用。（同上）（按：《千金翼》有牛乳一升，加水四升，煎取一升的方子。）
固脱方
铅丹散，主治消渴，止小便频数，兼治消中方。
铅丹 胡粉（各一分） 栝蒌根 甘草（各十分） 泽泻 石膏 赤石脂 白石脂（各五分，《肘后》作贝母）
以上八味药处理后过筛，用水送服方寸匕，每天三次，壮汉服一匕半。患病一年者一日愈，两年病者二日愈，口渴甚者夜间服两次，腹痛者减量。丸服也好，一次十丸，过量令人腹痛。（出自《千金》）（按：此方原本出自《肘后》，用酒送服。考《本草》黑字部分，铅丹、胡粉、栝蒌根，都能止小便利。泽泻，起阴气，止泄精消渴淋沥。可知此方为涩剂了。）
泻热诸方
巴郡太守奏三黄丸，治疗男子五劳七伤，消渴，不生肌肉，妇人带下，手足寒热的方子。（出自《千金》）（按：原载有四时加减法，以蜜为丸如大豆，饮服五丸，每天三次，无效稍加至七丸，取下而已云云，宜考证。）
顺气散，治疗消中，热在胃而能食，小便赤黄，轻微腹泻为见效，不可多泻，服用此药渐渐利之，不想多吃食物则痊愈。（出自《保命集》）（按：即小承气汤。）
治疗心脾实热，烦渴不止，知母散方。
知母（一两） 芦根（一两半） 栝蒌根（一两） 麦门冬（一两） 黄芩（三分） 川大黄（一两）
甘草（半两）
以上药物捣筛为散剂，每次服用四钱，用水一中盏，煎煮至六分，滤去药渣，不限时候温服。（出自《圣惠》）
大黄甘草饮子，治疗男子妇人一切消渴，不能止住的。
大豆五升（先煮三沸，倒出淘去苦水，再煮） 大黄（一两半） 甘草（大粗者四两，长四指，打碎）
以上三味，用井水一桶，将前药同煮三五小时，如稠浆糊，水少更添，豆软，盛于盆中放冷，让病患吃豆子，口渴喝汤汁，不限时候。吃完如燥渴停止便罢，不停止再煮前面的药，不超过三次病全部痊愈。（出自《宣明》）
奇治诸方（消渴有虫，酒果为渴）
治疗消渴热盛，心神烦乱，适宜服用此方。
蚕蛹（二两）
以上用无灰酒一中盏，水一大盏，同煮取一中盏，澄清去掉蚕蛹服用。（出自《圣惠》）茧丝汤，治疗渴症神效。煮茧缫丝的汤，任意饮用顿然见效。如非时节，用丝或棉煎汤服用。（出自《直指》）
杀虫方，治疗消渴有虫（出自《夷坚志》），苦楝根取新白皮一握切碎焙干，加入麝香少许，水二碗，煎至一碗，空腹饮用，即使困顿不妨碍，之后排出虫子三四条，形状如蛔虫，颜色真红而渴顿止，才知道消渴一证，有虫消耗其津液。（出自《直指》）（按：消渴不一定必有虫，怀疑是蛔虫导致口渴。）
眉山有杨颖臣者，身高七尺，健饮暴食，倜傥之人。忽然患上消渴疾，每天饮水数斗，食量加倍而多次排尿，服用消渴药超过一年，疾病日益加重，自料必死，准备棺木衾被，嘱托儿子于人。蜀地有良医张元隐之子，不记得其名，为其诊脉，笑着说：你差点误死了。取麝香当门子，用酒润湿，做成十多丸，取枳枸子煮汤，饮用遂愈。问其原因。张生说：消渴、消中都是脾衰而肾惫，土不能胜水，肾液不上承，才形成此疾。现在诊察颖臣脾脉极热而肾不衰，应当是由果实、酒过度，虚热在脾，所以饮食兼人而多饮水，水既多不得不多溺也，这不是消渴。麝香能败酒，瓜果靠近就不结实，而枳枸子也能胜酒。屋外有此树，屋内酿酒不熟。以此树为屋，其下也不可酿酒。所以用此二物为药，以去除酒、果之毒。（出自《苏沈》）
灸刺
凡消渴病，经过百日以上的，不得灸刺；灸刺，则在疮口上漏脓水不停，最终导致痈疽消瘦而死。也忌讳有所误伤，只要作成针许大的疮，所饮之水，都在疮中变成脓水而出。如果水出不止者必死，慎之又慎。初得患者，可以依方灸刺为佳。（出自《千金》）（按：《外台》举此论，附有驳辨，今揭于下。）
既然现在也得消渴，况且免不了饮水，水入疮即损伤人。现在初得之日，岂能让其灸刺，导致此误伤的过错，暂且不顺其理，且取百日以上为能，未悟初灸之说，故不录灸刺。凡灸刺则外脱其气，消渴皆是宣疾，灸刺特别不相宜，唯有香港脚（脚气）宜即灸之，是以不取灸穴者耳。（出自《外台》）
调摄法
其所谨慎的有三点：一饮酒，二房室，三咸食及面。能谨慎这些，虽然不服药而自然可无他变。不知这些，纵然有金丹，也不可救，深思慎之。（出自《千金》）
又适宜食用的，每间隔五六天空腹吃一顿饼，用精羊肉及黄雌鸡做馅，这可以温补。如果下气不食肉，吃菜素食者，适宜煮牛膝、韭、蔓菁。又适宜吃鸡子、马肉，此物微壅，也可疗宣疾也。壅之过度，便发香港脚（脚气）。犹如善于为政者，宽以济猛，
Pulverize the ingredients. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhan of water and over 100 soybeans, decoct until 6 fen remains, remove dregs, and take orally. (From *Shi Zheng*)
**Renshen Shigao Tang** (Ginseng and Gypsum Decoction) treats Ge Xiao (Diabetes Mellitus characterized by thirst and chest heat), with symptoms of upper jiao irritability and thirst, and lack of desire for excessive food intake. (From *Baoming Ji*) [Note: This is Baizhu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Plus Ginseng Decoction) without Jingmi (Oryzae Fructus Germinatus).]
**Lanxiang Yinzi** (Orchid Fragrance Drink) treats severe thirst with excessive water drinking, polyphagia with emaciation, spontaneous sweating, dry and constipated stools, and frequent urination.
* Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (3 qian)
* Jiuzhimu (Alkoholsae Radix processed with wine) (1.5 qian)
* Shenggancao (Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (1 qian)
* Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (0.5 qian)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (0.5 qian)
* Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (1 qian)
* Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (2 fen, soaked in decoction)
* Lanxiang (Perillae Folium) (0.5 qian)
* Baidoukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus)
* Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructum)
* Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix)
* Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) (each 0.5 qian)
Grind all into fine powder. Soak steamed wheat dough in decoction, mix evenly, shape into thin slices, sun-dry until half-dry, crush to rice-grain size. Take 2 qian per dose, administered after meals with light ginger tea. (From *Shixiao Fang*)
**Zhuye Huangqi Tang** (Lophatherum and Astragali Decoction) treats Xiao Ke (Diabetes Mellitus) syndrome due to Qi and Blood deficiency, with flourishing Stomach Fire causing thirst.
* Danzhuye (Lophatheri Herba)
* Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens) (each 2 qian)
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix)
* Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix)
* Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma)
* Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (stir-fried)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)
* Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
* Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma)
* Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (each 1 qian)
Decoct in water and take orally. (From *Falü*)
Formula for treating post-febrile disease, deficient heat with thirst, and painful irritability in the four limbs.
* Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (1 jin)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 liang)
* Zhuye (Lophatheri Herba) (1 handful)
Chop the four ingredients. Add 1 dou 5 sheng of water, decoct to obtain 5 sheng. Drink when thirsty, three times during the day and twice at night. (From *Qianjin*)
Formula suitable for treating Xiao Ke with body heat and irritability.
* Digupi (Lycii Cortex) (1 liang)
* Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix) (1 liang)
* Lugeng (Phragmitis Rhizoma) (1 liang, chopped)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (0.5 liang, rhizome removed)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (1.5 liang, heart removed)
* Chifuling (Poria cum Risus) (3 fen)
* Shenggandihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) (1 liang)
* Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (3 fen)
Crush and sieve the above herbs into a powder. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, 100 small wheat grains, and 14 slices of light bamboo leaf. Decoct until 6 fen remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. (From *Shenghui*) For treating Xiao Ke with mental restlessness, heat, and insomnia, use **Maimendong San** (Ophiopogon Powder): remove Digupi, Lugeng, and Xiaomai from the above formula; add Chuanshengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
**Maimendong Yinzi** (Ophiopogon Drink) treats Ge Xiao (Diabetes Mellitus characterized by thirst and chest heat), chest fullness and irritability, dry and scanty fluids, shortness of breath, often progressing to Xiao Ke.
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
* Fushen (Poria cum Pinus)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix)
* Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus)
* Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (stir-fried)
* Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix)
* Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (equal parts)
Chop. Take 5 qian per dose, add 2 zhan of water and 14 bamboo leaf slices. Decoct until 7 fen remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. (From *Baojian*) [Note: Originally from *Xuanming Lun*, using Gualougen instead of Gualoushi (Trichosanthis Fructus). Also, this formula and the previous one both evolved from *Qianjin*'s Fushen Tang.] *Tongzhi* names it **Shengjin Ganlu Yin** (Generating Fluids Sweet Dew Drink), using Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix).
**Renying Yinzi** (Ginseng and Poria Drink) treats dry mouth and tongue, generates fluids, and stimulates appetite.
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (heart removed)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus)
* Baishao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba)
* Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata)
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (each 3 liang)
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria) (2.5 qian)
* Tiandong (Asparagi Radix)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 5 qian)
Make into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1.5 zhan of water, 3 slices of ginger, 2 dates, and 1 smoked plum. Decoct until 1 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm after meals. (From *Baojian*)
**Shengdihuang Gao** (Rehmannia Paste) is generally applicable for treating thirst syndromes.
* Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens) (two large handfuls, bundled like a normal bowl)
* Dongmi (Winter Honey) (1 bowl)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (0.5 liang)
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria) (1 liang)
Wash, chop, and finely grind the Rehmannia. Mix with 1 bowl of fresh water, then decoct together with honey until reduced by half. Add powdered Ginseng and Poria, mix well, store tightly in porcelain vessels, and take by spoonful. (From *Zhizhi*) [Note: This is Qiongyu Gao (Jade Jade Paste), detailed in the *Xu Lao* section.] For Xiao Ke with frequent urination, **Shengjin Ganlu Yin** is suitable; Qiongyu Gao is also excellent. (From *Danxi*) Among the Three Xiao syndromes, Qiongyu Gao is most effective. (From *Zhengchuan*) *Jishi Quanshu* adds Maimendong (1 liang) and Wuweizi (5 qian).
**Wuweizi Tang** (Schisandra Decoction) primarily treats dry mouth and tongue, indicating exhaustion of Kidney Water.
* Bei Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) (authentic)
* Mian Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (raw, rhizome removed)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (rhizome removed)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (heart removed, each 1 liang)
* Fen Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (prepared, 0.5 liang)
Chop. Take 0.5 liang per dose, add 1.5 zhan of water, decoct until 8 fen remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. Taking it 5-7 times a day and night is ideal. (From *Waike Jingyao*) *Shoushi* adds a little Cinnabar (Zhusha).
**Renshen Tang** (Ginseng Decoction) for treating Xiao Ke initially caused by alcohol consumption.
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (half raw, half prepared, each 1 liang)
Coarsely chop and sieve the two ingredients. Use pig fat water, filter dregs to clarify, take 5 sheng, and decoct together until 2.5 sheng remains. Remove dregs and drink when thirsty for permanent cure. (From *Shengji*)
For thirst after severe illness or near recovery, decoct **Dushen Tang** (Single Ginseng Decoction) strongly, add powdered Cinnabar (Zhusha), and take cold. Alternatively, use **Zhuye Shigao Tang** (Lophatherum and Gypsum Decoction). (From *Ruyi*)
**Danggui Liuhuang Tang** (Angelica and Six Huang Decoction) treats Xiao Ke with physical weakness; suitable for regular use. (From *Qiankun Shengyi*) (See formula in *Shanghan · Xu Han* section.)
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) is strictly contraindicated for all Three Xiao syndromes.
Mix Huanglian end (Coptidis Rhizoma powder) and Tianhuafen powder (Trichosanthis Radix powder) with Oujiang (Lotus Rhizome Juice), Renruye (Human Milk), and Shengdihuang Jiang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens Juice). Reduce the last three juices into a paste, mix with the first two powders, and further process with Ginger Juice and Honey into a paste. Slowly hold on the tongue and swallow with a little white boiled water. If the patient can eat, add Ruan Shigao (Soft Gypsum).
If Xiao Ke is accompanied by diarrhea, first stir-fry Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) and Baishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) into powder, mix and take, then take the aforementioned medicine. (From *Danxi*)
**Kidney Tonifying Formulas**
**Jiajian Shenqi Wan** (Modified Shenqi Pills) treats damage to the Kidney Meridian from overwork, insufficient Kidney Water, independent hyperactivity of Heart Fire, dry and scorched mouth and tongue, excessive thirst with diarrhea, absent-mindedness, red face with irritability, lower back pain and weak legs, emaciated limbs, inability to rise or walk.
* Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus) (flesh only)
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria) (peeled)
* Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex) (wood removed)
* Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) (wine-steamed)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus)
* Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma)
* Lu Jiao (Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum) (shaved)
* Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) (chopped and stir-fried, each 1 liang)
* Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum) (not exposed to fire)
* Gu Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex) (not exposed to fire, each 0.5 liang)
Grind into fine powder, make pills with refined honey, sized like paulownia seeds. Take 70 pills per dose, with salt water or millet drink as needed. For extreme weakness, add Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) 1 liang. (From *Jisheng*) (Refer to "Treating Kidney is Key" section above.)
**Jiawei Dihuang Wan** (Modified Dihuang Pills) treats Xia Xiao (Lower Diabetes).
* Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) (stir-fried)
* Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus)
* Bei Wuwei (Schisandrae Fructus)
* Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) (hair removed)
* Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) (salt-water stir-fried)
* Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (each 4 liang, green salt-water stir-fried)
* Huai Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) (8 liang)
* Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex) (stir-fried)
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria) (peeled, each 2.5 qian)
Grind into powder, make honey pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 3 qian per dose with boiling water on an empty stomach. (From *Yu'an*)
**Xuantu Dan** (Black Rabbit Pill) is a divine medicine for treating Three Xiao syndromes. Regular use prevents seminal emission, stops leukorrhea, prolongs life, and preserves youth.
* Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) (soaked in wine until soft, ground while wet, dried, powder taken separately, 10 liang)
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria)
* Gan Lianrou (Nelumbinis Plumula) (each 3 liang)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) (soaked in wine, ground separately into powder, weighed 7 liang)
Grind into powder. Grind separately 6 liang of dried Shanyao powder. Use the remaining soaking wine to cook into a paste, mix with the powders, knead thoroughly, and pound thousands of times. Make pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 50 pills per dose with millet soup, before meals on an empty stomach. (From *Heji*) [Note: From *Shizhai*, stating Wuweizi is also named Xuanji.] *Xu Yijian Houji* Lutu Jian: remove Lotus Plumula from this formula, add Luzhuang (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum), and mix/pill with Shengdihuang Jiang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens Juice).
**Lurong Wan** (Deer Antler Pills) for treating extreme thirst followed by weakness, slippery and frequent urination, weak calves, and progressive emaciation.
* Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum) (2 liang, hair removed, coated with butter, roasted yellow)
* Rongrong (Cibotii Rhizoma) (2 liang, soaked in wine overnight, scraped clean, roasted dry)
* Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) (1 liang, roasted cracked, skin and navel removed)
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (1.5 liang, chopped)
* Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis) (1.5 liang, roots removed, chopped)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) (1 liang)
* Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) (1.5 liang, soaked in wine for two days, dried, pounded separately into powder)
* Bailonggu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi) (1 liang)
* Sangpiaoxiao (Mantidis Oötheca) (2 liang, lightly stir-fried)
* Bajieli (Tribuli Fructus) (1 liang, lightly stir-fried, thorns removed)
Pound and sieve into powder. Mix with refined honey and pound 300-200 times. Make pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose with clear porridge drink on an empty stomach and before evening meal. (From *Shenghui*)
**Lurong Wan** (Deer Antler Pills) treats loss of spirit damaging the Kidney, Kidney Deficiency Xiao Ke, and unlimited urination.
* Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum) (hair removed, cut, roasted, 3 fen)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (heart removed, 2 liang)
* Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata)
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix)
* Jineijin (Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum) (bran-roasted)
* Rongrong (Cibotii Rhizoma) (wine-soaked)
* Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus)
* Pozhizi (Stemonae Radix) (stir-fried)
* Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) (wine-soaked)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) (each 3 fen)
* Fuling (Poria)
* Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix)
* Digupi (Lycii Cortex) (each 0.5 liang)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (3 fen)
Grind into powder, make honey pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 30-50 pills per dose with millet soup. (From *Sanyuan*)
**Lurong Wan** (Deer Antler Pills) for treating thirst disease. (Effective for Zhao Sifa.)
* Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum) (2 liang)
* Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) (1 liang, soaked in wine and steamed)
* Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix) (0.5 liang)
Make honey pills. Take 50 pills per dose with Bei Wuweizi Tang (Schisandra Decoction) on an empty stomach. (From *Zhushi*) *Defu* Longfeng Wan: remove Tianhuafen from this formula, add Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma).
For treating Xiao Ke with frequent urination: Roast one set of Deer Horn (Lu Jiao) until charred, pound and sieve, take with wine using a square-inch measure, gradually increasing to 1.5 measures. (From *Zhouhou*) Same as *Qianjin* formula for Xiao Zhong with 7-8 sheng of urine day and night.
**Banlong Naozhu Dan** (Spotted Dragon Brain Pearl Pill)
* Lu Jiaoshuang (Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum Pulvis) (10 liang, fine powder)
* Lu Jiao Jiao (Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum) (10 liang, soaked in wine for several days, cooked into paste for pill base)
* Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) (10 liang, soaked in wine, steamed into cakes, dried)
* Baiziren (Platycladi Semen) (10 liang, cleaned, ground separately)
* Shu Gan Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) (10 liang, soaked in wine for two nights, steamed and dried, use remaining wine with gelatin)
Grind and mix all herbs. Cook Deer Horn Gelatin with 3-4 sheng of wine into a paste to bind the herbs. Pound 1000-2000 times. Make pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 50-100 pills per dose with salt water or wine, morning and evening on an empty stomach before meals. (From *Xu Yijian Houji*)
**Hetao Wan** (Walnut Pills) treats Xiao Shen (Kidney Diabetes), also called Internal Dissolution. Often caused by excessive sexual indulgence, fear of impotence in youth leading to excessive use of cinnabar/mercury pills, or loss of spirit damaging the Kidney. Symptoms include dry and scorched lips and tongue, spontaneous seminal emission, red-yellow turbid urine, dry stools, profuse urination but not intense thirst.
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria)
* Hetao Rou (Juglandis Semen) (blanched, thin skin removed, ground separately)
* Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) (one large piece, skin and navel removed, sliced, boiled dry with 1 zhan of ginger juice and 1 fen of蛤粉 (Concha Meretricis Preparata))
Grind into equal parts powder. Make honey pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 30-50 pills with millet drink. Or make powder, mix with millet drink. Take before meals. (From *Sanyuan*)
**Middle-Tonifying Formulas**
**Huangqi Tang** (Astragalus Decoction) treats Xiao Zhong (Middle Diabetes), deficiency fatigue with shortness of breath, and frequent urination.
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix)
* Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba)
* Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens)
* Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus)
* Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 2 liang)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix)
* Gan Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata)
* Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 1 liang)
* Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus) (30 pieces)
Chop the ten ingredients. Add 1 dou of water, decoct to obtain 3 sheng. Divide into three doses, taken three times daily. (From *Qianjin*)
**Da Jianzhong Tang** (Great Construct Middle Decoction) treats Qiang Zhong (Strong Middle/Superfluous Yang) or Pi Xiao (Spleen Diabetes). (From *Yilin Jiyao*) [Note: This is *Qianjin*'s Da Jianzhong Tang, found in the *Xu Lao* section.]
**Huangqi Liuyi Tang** (Astragalus Six-One Decoction) suitable if thirst precedes carbuncles/furuncles, or if thirst follows sores/abscesses. Regular use harmonizes Blood and Qi, and calms the Five Viscera.
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (1 liang, prepared)
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (6 liang, rhizome removed, coated with honey and roasted)
Chop. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 zhan of water and 1 date. Decoct until 7 fen remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. (From *Heji*) *Waike Jingyao* makes it into fine powder. Take 2 qian, mixed with white boiled water in the morning and noon. Mixing with wine for the first cup is especially good.
**Qianshi Baizhu San** (Dr. Qian's Atractylodes Powder) treats Xiao Zhong (Middle Diabetes) with rapid digestion and hunger.
* Add Bei Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus)
* Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix)
* Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) (processed, each 0.5 liang)
Make coarse powder. Take 3 qian, decoct in fresh water. (From *Zhizhi*)
Formula for treating Xiao Ke damaging the Middle, with unlimited urination.
* Huang Eji (Hen) (1 whole, prepared for eating)
Boil until very tender, remove chicken, cool, and drink the juice. (From *Shiyi Xinjian*) [Note: *Qianjin Yi* has a formula using a naturally dead chicken.]
Formula for tonifying deficiency and emaciation, stopping thirst: Cow's Milk. Drink cow's milk regardless of temperature. (Same source) [Note: *Qianjin Yi* has a formula: 1 sheng cow's milk, 4 sheng water, decoct to 1 sheng.]
**Consolidation Formulas**
**Qiandan San** (Lead Monoxide Powder) mainly treats Xiao Ke, stops frequent urination, and treats Xiao Zhong.
* Qiandan (Minii Oxidum Rubrum)
* Hufen (Cerussa) (each 1 fen)
* Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 10 fen)
* Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma)
* Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum)
* Chishizhi (Halloysit Rubrum)
* Baishizhi (Halloysit Albus) (each 5 fen, *Zhouhou* uses Beimu/Fritillariae Bulbus)
Process and sieve the eight ingredients. Take 1 fangcunbi (square-inch measure) with water, three times daily. Strong adults take 1.5 measures. One-year illness cures in one day; two-year illness cures in two days. Severe thirst: take twice at night. Abdominal pain: reduce dose. Pills are also good: 10 pills per dose; overdose causes abdominal pain. (From *Qianjin*) [Note: Originally from *Zhouhou*, taken with wine. According to *Bencao*, Qiandan, Hufen, and Gualougen all stop frequent urination. Zexie raises Yin Qi, stops seminal emission, and treats Xiao Ke dribbling. Thus, this formula is an astringent.]
**Heat-Purging Formulas**
**Sanhuang Wan** (Three Yellow Pills) presented by the Prefect of Ba Commandery, treats men's five labors and seven injuries, Xiao Ke, failure to gain muscle, women's leukorrhea, and alternating cold and heat in hands and feet. (From *Qianjin*) [Note: Original text includes seasonal modification methods, made into honey pills sized like soybeans, take 5 pills with water, three times daily, increase to 7 if ineffective, until purged. Verify.]
**Shunqi San** (Regulating Qi Powder) treats Xiao Zhong (Middle Diabetes), heat in Stomach with ability to eat, red-yellow urine. Mild diarrhea indicates efficacy; do not cause excessive diarrhea. Gradual purgation with this medicine will cure it when appetite decreases. (From *Baoming Ji*) [Note: This is Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction).]
**Zhimu San** (Anemarrhena Powder) for treating Heart and Spleen Excess Heat with incessant irritability and thirst.
* Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (1 liang)
* Lugeng (Phragmitis Rhizoma) (1.5 liang)
* Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix) (1 liang)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (1 liang)
* Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (3 fen)
* Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (1 liang)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (0.5 liang)
Crush and sieve into powder. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, decoct until 6 fen remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. (From *Shenghui*)
**Dahuang Gancao Yinzi** (Rhubarb and Licorice Drink) treats all cases of Xiao Ke in men and women that cannot be stopped.
* Dadou (Sojae Semen Album) (5 sheng, boil three times, discard bitter water, boil again)
* Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (1.5 liang)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (large thick ones, 4 liang, length of four fingers, crushed)
Add one bucket of well water to the three ingredients. Boil together for 3-5 hours until thick like paste. Add water if needed, until beans are soft. Cool in a basin. Let the patient eat the beans and drink the broth at any time. If thirst stops after finishing, stop. If not, re-boil the medicine. Illness will completely cure within three boils. (From *Xuanming*)
**Extraordinary Treatments** (Worms in Xiao Ke, Thirst from Wine and Fruit)
For treating Xiao Ke with flourishing heat, mental irritability, and confusion.
* Can Yong (Bombyx Batryticatus) (2 liang)
Decoct with 1 zhan of non-fermented wine and 1 zhan of water until 1 zhan remains. Clarify and remove silkworm pupae, then drink. (From *Shenghui*) **Jiansi Tang** (Silk Thread Decoction) is highly effective for thirst. Decoct silk cocoons for reeling thread and drink freely for instant effect. If out of season, decoct silk or cotton wadding and drink. (From *Zhizhi*)
**Antiparasitic Formula** for treating Xiao Ke with worms (From *Yijian Zhi*). Take a handful of new white bark from Kulian Gen (Toosendan Fructus Cortex), chop and roast, add a little Moshe (Moschus), 2 bowls of water, decoct to 1 bowl. Drink on an empty stomach. Even if dizzy, it is fine. Later, pass 3-4 worms resembling roundworms, truly red in color, and thirst stops instantly. This reveals that in Xiao Ke, worms consume body fluids. (From *Zhizhi*) [Note: Xiao Ke does not necessarily involve worms; suspect roundworms causing thirst.]
Yang Yingchen from Meishan was 7 chi tall, robust, drank heavily, and was elegant. He suddenly developed Xiao Ke, drinking several dou of water daily, eating double the usual amount, and urinating frequently. After taking Xiao Ke medicines for over a year, his condition worsened. Believing he would die, he prepared his coffin and bedding and entrusted his son to others. A son of a skilled physician Zhang Yuanyin from Shu (name forgotten) diagnosed him, smiled, and said, "You nearly died by mistake." He took Mushe Dangmenzi (Moschus), moistened with wine, made into about ten pills, and gave them with a decoction of Zhiju Zi (Choisya Fructus). He recovered. Asked for the reason, Zhang said: Xiao Ke and Xiao Zhong are due to Spleen decline and Kidney exhaustion, Earth failing to control Water, and Kidney fluids failing to ascend. Now, your Spleen pulse is extremely hot, but Kidney is not exhausted. It is likely due to excess fruit and wine, causing deficient heat in the Spleen, hence increased food and water intake, leading to frequent urination. This is not Xiao Ke. Moschus neutralizes wine; fruits near Choisya trees do not ripen; Zhiju Zi also counters wine. There is such a tree outside houses; wine brewed inside such houses does not ferment. Houses built with this wood cannot brew wine underneath. Thus, these two substances are used to eliminate the toxicity of wine and fruit. (From *Su Shen*)
**Moxibustion and Acupuncture**
For Xiao Ke lasting over 100 days, moxibustion and acupuncture are prohibited. If performed, pus and water will leak from the sores continuously, leading to carbuncles, emaciation, and death. Avoid accidental injury; even a needle-sized sore will cause all consumed water to turn into pus and discharge. If discharge does not stop, death is certain. Be extremely cautious. For newly onset patients, following formulas for moxibustion/acupuncture is best. (From *Qianjin*) [Note: *Waitai* cites this argument with refutation, presented below.]
Since we now have Xiao Ke and must drink water, water entering sores harms the person. In the initial days, how can we allow moxibustion/acupuncture causing such injury? Temporarily disregarding logic, considering only those over 100 days as candidates, failing to understand the initial moxibustion theory, thus excluding moxibustion/acupuncture. Generally, moxibustion/acupuncture depletes external Qi. Xiao Ke is a disease of dispersion/drainage; moxibustion/acupuncture is particularly unsuitable. Only Hongjiao (Foot Qi/Gout) should be treated immediately with moxibustion. Therefore, acupoints for moxibustion are not selected. (From *Waitai*)
**Regulation Methods**
Three things to be cautious about: 1. Alcohol, 2. Sexual activity, 3. Salty foods and noodles. Observing these allows health without medicine. Ignoring these makes even Golden Pills useless. Reflect deeply and be cautious. (From *Qianjin*)
Also suitable foods: Every 5-6 days, eat a cake on an empty stomach, filled with lean mutton and yellow hen meat, which is warming. If avoiding meat and eating vegetables, boil Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Jiu (Allii Tuberosi Folium), and Manjing (Brassicae Pekinensis var. Trilocularis). Also suitable: Chicken eggs and horse meat. These are slightly cloying but can treat dispersive diseases. Over-cloying leads to Hongjiao (Foot Qi). Like a good administrator balancing leniency with severity,