2．心阳虚：心经之火虚也。原因：水饮克火，发汗太过，肝不生木，子虚不能益母。主症：心中觉寒凉，惊悸，六脉细弱，汗后叉手冒心，心悸欲得按。常用方剂：真武汤。苓桂术甘汤，桂枝甘草汤。
3．肾阳虚：命门之火虚也。原因：先天不足，色欲过度，发汗太过，久病缠绵。前两种为主要原因。主症：腰膝酸软，阴部发冷，精滑自出，无子，小便不禁，肤肿，无苔，脉迟或浮大无根。常用方剂：桂附肾气丸，二加龙骨汤。
4．肺阳虚：原因：外感风寒日久不愈，禀赋不足，形寒饮冷(生冷过度)。主症：咳嗽，气短，吐痰清稀，天稍冷、饮食稍冷即加重，但必须是日久不愈(春夏轻，秋冬重等)，或具有阳虚之主症(不能与感寒之咳嗽混为一谈)。常用方剂：保元汤，六君子汤加干姜五味，兼肾阳虚者，真武、肾气之类。
5．肝阳虚：肝火不足也。由于命门火不足、心火不足引起。主症：寒疝，脏寒魂怯，精神耗散，遗精惊悸。常用方剂：桂甘龙牡汤，当归四逆加吴萸生姜汤。
6．脾阳虚：服生冷过度，热性病用凉药过多。主症：水谷不化，大便溏，痰涎郁结，吐利厥冷。常用方剂：六君子汤加香砂，小建中汤，理中汤，补中益气汤。 九、阳虚主要方剂用法 1．参附汤：人参一两，炮附子五钱，生姜，大枣。治肾阳虚自汗，喘急肢冷。(《校注妇人良方》)
2．四逆加人参汤：炙甘草二两，干姜两半，附子一枚，人参一两。治肾阳虚自汗，喘急肢冷，兼有下利清谷，脉微欲绝者。
3．四逆汤：炙甘草二两，干姜两半，附子一枚。治下利清谷，肢冷，脉微细。
4．真武汤：人参、干姜、炙甘草各三两，白术一两，附子一枚。必兼小便不利或见浮肿、悸眩咳等症。
5．理中汤：人参、于姜、炙甘草、白术各三两。治脾胃阳虚，下利，腹满，无压痛。
6．吴茱萸汤：吴茱萸一升，人参三两，生姜六两，大枣十二枚。治胃中虚寒，食少欲呕，或胃腹作痛，吞酸嘈杂。
7．六味回阳饮：人参数钱至二两，炮附子、炮姜各两三钱，炙甘草一钱，熟地五钱至一两，当归身三钱。水煎服。治阳微将脱证。(《景岳全书·新方八阵》)
8．芪附汤：炙黄芪四钱，炮附子四钱，生姜十片。水煎服。治卫阳虚自汗。(《赤水玄珠》)
9．既济汤：熟地、山萸各一两，生山药、生龙骨、牛牡蛎各六钱，茯苓、白芍各三钱，附子一钱。治阴阳两虚，喘促自汗，目睛上视，心摆摆如悬旗，或失精、遗尿、滑泄等。(《医学衷中参西录》)
1O．理饮汤：白术四钱，干姜五钱，桂枝尖、炙甘草、茯苓、白芍各三钱，附子一钱。治心肾阳虚，脾湿不升，胃郁不降，饮邪泛滥等。
11。黑锡丹：治阳虚上浮，喘急欲脱，下元虚冷等。
12．附子汤：附子二枚，茯苓三两，人参二两，白术四两，芍药三两。治阳虚寒湿内盛，肢体骨节疼痛等。
13．敦复汤：党参、山萸、补骨脂(火中捣)各四钱，乌附子、核桃仁各三钱，生山药五钱，茯苓、生鸡内金各钱半。治脾肾阳虚，腰膝酸痛，黎明泄泻等。(《医学衷中参西录》)
14．正元丹：治命门火衰，不能生土，吐利厥冷、胸满、面赤热、眩晕等阴火上冲诸症。
15．小建中汤：桂枝三钱，炙甘草二钱，大枣卜二枚，白芍六钱，生姜三钱，饴糖一两。治虚劳里急证，或虚劳阳虚发热之证。
关于阴虚 一、什么是阴虚 李老认为，所谓“阴”，并非空洞无物的名词，而是全身各种津液的总称。道经曰： “涕、唾、精、津、汗、血、液，七般灵物总属阴。”李老认为，阴即是人体各组织中的水分。所谓虚者就是不足的意思。人体的水分，本是一定的，差不多占体重三分之二的样子。此种水分不断消耗，不断从饮食中补充，这就是正常现象，如果消耗得多，补充得少，日积月累，消耗到10％的时候，一切正常生理作用即要受到影响。就要发生一定的变化，从自觉方面或他觉方面看去，就会有和平常不一样的现象，此种现象，李老认为就是通常所说的阴虚证。所以肺津液不足的为肺阴虚，肾精不足的为肾阴虚，心津液不足的为心阴虚，肝津液不足的为肝阴虚，脾津液不足的为脾阴虚。通常所说的阴虚，只着重在肺、脾、肾三方面，至于心肝阴虚，因为重在血液，就把它归在血虚里边了。 二、阴虚的原因 李老认为有以下几点： 1．先天不足：这是造成一切虚证的根源，特别是阴虚。 2．久病不愈(如热性病，热久不退，或久咳，久泻，久痢，久疟等)：这是造成一切阴虚的原因。
3．汗下失宜(如用发汗药或泻药次数过多者)：这也是造成一切阴虚的原因，但造成心脾肾三种阴虚的较多。
4．房室不慎：这也是造成肾阴虚的主要原因。
5．烟、酒、辛、辣过度：这是造成肺阴虚的主要原因，所谓火盛则阴虚。
6．思想过度：这是造成心阴虚的主要原因。
7．忿怒气郁，日久不解：这是造成肝阴虚的主要原因。
8．劳倦过度：这是造成脾阴虚的主要原因。
总的说来，因酒色造成阴虚的最多。其故乃人们节欲者少，纵欲者多也。再者，单丝不会成线，无论思虑过度，或劳倦过度，任何一种如果不结合房劳过度，或先天不足，是不会很快形成阴虚证的，即使形成的话，也容易治疗，因为没有伤着根本的缘故。 三、阴虚会引起什么变化 总括起来约有下列20种：
1．阴虚则生热。 这是因阴虚引起身热、骨蒸劳热、五心烦热、一切热证的解释。 2．阴虚则血虚。这是因为津液亦是血液的主要组成部分。 3．阴虚则血燥。 以上两条是阴虚引起的经少、经闭和一切血不足的干燥证的解释。 4．阴虚则水虚。 5．阴虚则津液不足。 以上两条是因阴虚引起的口干、口渴、鼻干、喉干等水分不足证的解释。 6．阴虚则精虚。 这是因阴虚引起的精少、精稀、精不固等症的解释。 7．阴虚则火盛。 8．阴虚则火动。 9．阴虚则火亢。 10．阴虚则阳亢。 11．阴虚则相火炽盛。 以上五条是阴虚引起一切火证现象的解释。如口苦喜冷、舌干喉燥等症是也。
12．阴虚火盛则煎熬津液而为痰。
13．阴虚火动则水泛为痰。
以上两条是因阴虚而引起痰证的解释。
14．阴虚火亢则煎迫血液越出诸窍。
这是阴虚引起各种出血证的解释。
]5．阴虚则虚火上炎。
16．阴虚则虚阳上浮。
17．阴虚则虚阳上逆。
以上三条是因阴虚引起的面赤、唇红、颧红、干咳、呕吐等一切上焦虚热现象的解释。
18．阴虚则骨髓空虚，火陷骨中。
这是阴虚引起骨蒸皮寒证的解释。
19．阴虚则阳无所附。
20．阴虚则阳暴绝。
以上两条是阴虚引起的暴眩仆绝、喉无痰声、身无邪热等虚脱证的解释。 四、阴虚的症状 (一)阴虚的身体各部症状 头部：头晕，头疼。 面部：面赤颧红。 目部：目眩眼花，目赤。 耳部：耳鸣耳聋(阴虚火上升则耳聋)。 鼻部：鼻干，鼻塞，气出如火，鼻衄。 口部：口干，口渴，吐血，唾血，呕吐。 舌部：舌干，舌痛，舌衄。
齿牙部：齿牙不固，齿衄。
咽喉部：咽喉干痛，失音，喉烂。
胸腹部：胸满气逆，自觉内部发热，腹中满(仲淳说：脾虚中满，曰静夜剧，脾阴虚也)。
腰背部：腰脊疼痛。
前阴部：溺血，小便淋闭或痛，男子梦遗滑精，女子月经不调，血枯经闭，梦交隐痛。
后阴部：便秘，便血，溏泻．
四肢部：腿胫酸痛，足心干热，足跟痛，手足心热，指甲干劳有枯燥之色。
毛发部：毛发脱落，毛发失调。
皮肤部：盗汗，皮肤燥涩。
筋骨部：骨蒸夜热，遍身筋骨酸痛，或疼痛如折。
饮食：饮食无味，善饥。
呼吸：气逆，气壅，气喘，痰嗽，干咳，咳血。
睡眠：失眠。
以上这些症状，如果没有正确的标准，难免就会指鹿为马．把阳虚、气虚、血虚、虚火等证误认为阴虚，因为不同的证．可能有相同的症状。我们必须从它的具体情况、它的经过和兼证等各方面互相对比，细心分析，才能正确辨证。
(二)阴虚的主症
1．午后身热。
2．五心烦热。
3．脉虚细数。
4．一般症状是闩静夜剧或早轻晚重。
5．自觉有火，喜吃凉的，但吃也不解决问题．
(三)阴虚的兼症
1．肺阴虚
(1)咳嗽日久未愈。
(2)或吐浊痰白沫，或干咳无痰，或少痰，或痰中带血。
(3)或鼻中气出如火，或衄血。
(4)或胸满气逆，或一边不能睡，或气息喘急，或声嘶音哑。
2．脾阴虛
(1)饮食减少。
(2)四肢困倦。
(3)肌肉消瘦。
2．心阳虚：即心经之火虚弱。原因：水饮克制心火，发汗过度，肝木不生（肝气不足无法滋养心火），子脏（心）虚弱不能反哺母脏（肝）。主症：心中感觉寒冷，惊悸不安，六脉细弱，发汗后双手交叉护住心胸部位，心悸喜欢被按压。常用方剂：真武汤、苓桂术甘汤、桂枝甘草汤。
3．肾阳虚：即命门之火虚弱。原因：先天禀赋不足，房事过度，发汗过度，久病缠绵难愈。前两种原因是主要因素。主症：腰膝酸软无力，阴部发冷，精液滑脱自出，无子嗣，小便失禁，皮肤浮肿，舌苔无苔，脉象迟或浮大而无根。常用方剂：桂附肾气丸、二加龙骨汤。
4．肺阳虚：原因：外感风寒日久不愈，先天禀赋不足，形体畏寒且饮食生冷过度。主症：咳嗽，气短，吐出的痰液清稀，天气稍冷或饮食稍凉症状即加重，但必须是病程日久不愈（春夏季轻，秋冬季重等），或者具备阳虚的主症（不能与受寒引起的咳嗽混为一谈）。常用方剂：保元汤、六君子汤加干姜五味子，兼有肾阳虚者，用真武汤、肾气丸之类。
5．肝阳虚：即肝火不足。由于命门火不足、心火不足引起。主症：寒疝，内脏寒冷而神魂怯懦，精神耗散，遗精惊悸。常用方剂：桂甘龙牡汤、当归四逆加吴茱萸生姜汤。
6．脾阳虚：因服用生冷食物过度，或在热性病治疗中过多使用凉药所致。主症：水谷不消化，大便溏薄，痰涎郁结，呕吐腹泻且四肢厥冷。常用方剂：六君子汤加香附砂仁，小建中汤，理中汤，补中益气汤。
九、阳虚主要方剂用法
1．参附汤：人参一两，炮附子五钱，生姜，大枣。治疗肾阳虚导致的自汗，气喘急促，四肢冰冷。（出自《校注妇人良方》）
2．四逆加人参汤：炙甘草二两，干姜一两半，附子一枚，人参一两。治疗肾阳虚导致的自汗，气喘急促，四肢冰冷，兼有下利完谷不化，脉微欲绝者。
3．四逆汤：炙甘草二两，干姜一两半，附子一枚。治疗下利完谷不化，四肢冰冷，脉微细。
4．真武汤：人参、干姜、炙甘草各三两，白术一两，附子一枚。必须兼有小便不利或出现浮肿、心悸眩晕咳嗽等症状。
5．理中汤：人参、干姜、炙甘草、白术各三两。治疗脾胃阳虚，下利，腹部胀满，无压痛。
6．吴茱萸汤：吴茱萸一升，人参三两，生姜六两，大枣十二枚。治疗胃中虚寒，食少想呕吐，或胃腹疼痛，吞酸嘈杂。
7．六味回阳饮：人参数钱至二两，炮附子、炮姜各两三钱，炙甘草一钱，熟地黄五钱至一两，当归身三钱。水煎服。治疗阳气微弱即将脱失的证候。（出自《景岳全书·新方八阵》）
8．芪附汤：炙黄芪四钱，炮附子四钱，生姜十片。水煎服。治疗卫阳虚导致的自汗。（出自《赤水玄珠》）
9．既济汤：熟地黄、山茱萸各一两，生山药、生龙骨、煅牡蛎各六钱，茯苓、白芍各三钱，附子一钱。治疗阴阳两虚，气喘急促自汗，眼球上视，心脏跳动剧烈如悬挂旗帜，或遗精、遗尿、滑泄等。（出自《医学衷中参西录》）
10．理饮汤：白术四钱，干姜五钱，桂枝尖、炙甘草、茯苓、白芍各三钱，附子一钱。治疗心肾阳虚，脾湿不升，胃气郁滞不降，水饮邪气泛滥等。
11．黑锡丹：治疗阳虚导致的气上浮，气喘急促欲脱，下元虚冷等。
12．附子汤：附子二枚，茯苓三两，人参二两，白术四两，芍药三两。治疗阳虚寒湿内盛，肢体骨节疼痛等。
13．敦复汤：党参、山茱萸、补骨脂（火中捣碎）各四钱，乌附子、核桃仁各三钱，生山药五钱，茯苓、生鸡内金各一钱半。治疗脾肾阳虚，腰膝酸痛，黎明时分泄泻等。（出自《医学衷中参西录》）
14．正元丹：治疗命门火衰，不能温煦脾土，呕吐腹泻四肢厥冷、胸满、面赤发热、眩晕等阴火上冲诸症。
15．小建中汤：桂枝三钱，炙甘草二钱，大枣十二枚，白芍六钱，生姜三钱，饴糖一两。治疗虚劳里急证，或虚劳阳虚发热之证。
关于阴虚
一、什么是阴虚
李老认为，所谓“阴”，并非空洞无物的名词，而是全身各种津液的总称。道经曰：“涕、唾、精、津、汗、血、液，七般灵物总属阴。”李老认为，阴即是人体各组织中的水分。所谓“虚”就是不足的意思。人体的水分本是一定的，差不多占体重的三分之二左右。此种水分不断消耗，又不断从饮食中补充，这是正常现象。如果消耗得多，补充得少，日积月累，当消耗到10%的时候，一切正常的生理作用就会受到影响，就要发生一定的变化，从自觉方面或他觉方面看去，就会有和平常不一样的现象，李老认为这就是通常所说的阴虚证。所以肺津液不足的为肺阴虚，肾精不足的为肾阴虚，心津液不足的为心阴虚，肝津液不足的为肝阴虚，脾津液不足的为脾阴虚。通常所说的阴虚，只着重在肺、脾、肾三方面，至于心肝阴虚，因为重在血液，就把它归在血虚里边了。
二、阴虚的原因
李老认为有以下几点：
2．久病不愈（如热性病，热久不退，或久咳，久泻，久痢，久疟等）：这是造成一切阴虚的原因。
3．汗下失宜（如用发汗药或泻药次数过多者）：这也是造成一切阴虚的原因，但造成心脾肾三种阴虚的较多。
4．房室不慎：这也是造成肾阴虚的主要原因。
5．烟、酒、辛、辣过度：这是造成肺阴虚的主要原因，所谓火盛则阴虚。
6．思想过度：这是造成心阴虚的主要原因。
7．忿怒气郁，日久不解：这是造成肝阴虚的主要原因。
8．劳倦过度：这是造成脾阴虚的主要原因。
总的说来，因酒色造成阴虚的最多。其故乃人们节欲者少，纵欲者多也。再者，单丝不会成线，无论思虑过度，或劳倦过度，任何一种如果不结合房劳过度，或先天不足，是不会很快形成阴虚证的，即使形成的话，也容易治疗，因为没有伤着根本的缘故。
三、阴虚会引起什么变化
总括起来约有下列20种：
1．阴虚则生热。这是因阴虚引起身热、骨蒸劳热、五心烦热、一切热证的解释。
3．阴虚则血燥。以上两条是阴虚引起的经少、经闭和一切血不足的干燥证的解释。
4．阴虚则水虚。
5．阴虚则津液不足。以上两条是因阴虚引起的口干、口渴、鼻干、喉干等水分不足证的解释。
6．阴虚则精虚。这是因阴虚引起的精少、精稀、精不固等症的解释。
7．阴虚则火盛。
8．阴虚则火动。
9．阴虚则火亢。
10．阴虚则阳亢。
11．阴虚则相火炽盛。以上五条是阴虚引起一切火证现象的解释。如口苦喜冷、舌干喉燥等症是也。
12．阴虚火盛则煎熬津液而为痰。
13．阴虚火动则水泛为痰。以上两条是因阴虚而引起痰证的解释。
14．阴虚火亢则煎迫血液越出诸窍。这是阴虚引起各种出血证的解释。
15．阴虚则虚火上炎。
16．阴虚则虚阳上浮。
17．阴虚则虚阳上逆。以上三条是因阴虚引起的面赤、唇红、颧红、干咳、呕吐等一切上焦虚热现象的解释。
18．阴虚则骨髓空虚，火陷骨中。这是阴虚引起骨蒸皮寒证的解释。
19．阴虚则阳无所附。
20．阴虚则阳暴绝。以上两条是阴虚引起的暴眩仆绝、喉无痰声、身无邪热等虚脱证的解释。
四、阴虚的症状
(一)阴虚的身体各部症状
面部：面赤颧红。
胸腹部：胸满气逆，自觉内部发热，腹中满（仲淳说：脾虚中满，曰静夜剧，脾阴虚也）。
腰背部：腰脊疼痛。
前阴部：溺血，小便淋闭或痛，男子梦遗滑精，女子月经不调，血枯经闭，梦交隐痛。
四肢部：腿胫酸痛，足心干热，足跟痛，手足心热，指甲干劳有枯燥之色。
睡眠：失眠。
以上这些症状，如果没有正确的标准，难免就会指鹿为马，把阳虚、气虚、血虚、虚火等证误认为阴虚，因为不同的证，可能有相同的症状。我们必须从它的具体情况、它的经过和兼证等各方面互相对比，细心分析，才能正确辨证。
(二)阴虚的主症
1．午后身热。
2．五心烦热。
3．脉虚细数。
4．一般症状是白天安静夜晚加剧或早轻晚重。
(三)阴虚的兼症
1．肺阴虚
(1)咳嗽日久未愈。
2．脾阴虚
(1)饮食减少。
(2)四肢困倦。
(3)肌肉消瘦。
2. Heart Yang Deficiency: Refers to the deficiency of Fire in the Heart Meridian. Causes: Water-fluids suppressing Heart Fire, excessive sweating, Liver Wood failing to generate (insufficient Liver Qi failing to nourish Heart Fire), and the "Son" organ (Heart) being deficient and unable to support the "Mother" organ (Liver). Main symptoms: A sensation of coldness in the heart region, palpitations and fright, fine and weak pulse in all six positions, crossing hands over the chest after sweating, palpitations that are relieved by pressure. Common formulas: Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction), Linggui Zhugan Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Atractylodes Macrocephala, and Licorice Decoction), Guizhi Gancao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Licorice Decoction).
3. Kidney Yang Deficiency: Refers to the deficiency of Mingmen Fire (Gate of Life Fire). Causes: Congenital insufficiency, excessive sexual activity, excessive sweating, lingering chronic illness. The first two causes are primary. Main symptoms: Soreness and weakness of the lower back and knees, coldness in the genital area, seminal emission without dreams or spontaneous leakage, infertility, urinary incontinence, edema of the skin, absence of tongue coating, slow pulse or floating and large pulse without root. Common formulas: Guifu Shenqi Wan (Cinnamon Bark and Prepared Aconite Pill for Replenishing Kidney Qi), Erjia Longgu Tang (Dragon Bone Decoction with Two Additions).
4. Lung Yang Deficiency: Causes: Exterior contraction of Wind-Cold persisting for a long time, congenital insufficiency, aversion to cold and excessive consumption of raw/cold foods. Main symptoms: Cough, shortness of breath, expectoration of clear and thin phlegm, aggravation with slight cold weather or slightly cold food/drink, but must be a chronic condition unhealed for a long time (lighter in spring/summer, heavier in autumn/winter, etc.), or accompanied by main symptoms of Yang deficiency (must not be confused with cough caused by Cold invasion). Common formulas: Baoyuan Tang (Decoction for Preserving Origin), Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) added with Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) and Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry); for those with concurrent Kidney Yang deficiency, use Zhenwu Tang or Shenqi Wan types.
5. Liver Yang Deficiency: Refers to insufficient Liver Fire. Caused by insufficiency of Mingmen Fire and Heart Fire. Main symptoms: Cold Hernia, internal cold with fearful spirit, dissipation of spirit, seminal emission and palpitations. Common formulas: Guigan Longmu Tang (Cinnamon Twig, Licorice, Dragon Bone, and Oyster Shell Decoction), Danggui Sini Jia Wuzhuyu Shengjiang Tang (Angelica Sinensis Decoction for Nourishing the Extremities with Added Evodia and Fresh Ginger).
6. Spleen Yang Deficiency: Caused by excessive intake of raw/cold foods, or excessive use of cooling medicines in the treatment of febrile diseases. Main symptoms: Indigestion of water and grain, loose stools, stagnation of phlegm-saliva, vomiting and diarrhea with cold extremities. Common formulas: Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) added with Xiangfu (Cyperus Rhizome) and Sharen (Amomum Fruit), Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction), Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction).
IX. Usage of Main Formulas for Yang Deficiency
1. Shenfu Tang (Ginseng and Aconite Decoction): Renshen (Ginseng Root) 1 liang, Paofuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root) 5 qian, Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), Dazao (Jujube). Treats spontaneous sweating, panting, and cold limbs due to Kidney Yang deficiency. (From *Jiaozhu Furen Liangfang*)
2. Sini Jia Renshen Tang (Sini Decoction with Added Ginseng): Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) 2 liang, Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) 1.5 liang, Fuzi (Aconite Root) 1 piece, Renshen (Ginseng Root) 1 liang. Treats spontaneous sweating, panting, and cold limbs due to Kidney Yang deficiency, combined with diarrhea of undigested food and a faint pulse nearly imperceptible.
3. Sini Tang (Sini Decoction): Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) 2 liang, Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) 1.5 liang, Fuzi (Aconite Root) 1 piece. Treats diarrhea of undigested food, cold limbs, and fine, faint pulse.
4. Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction): Renshen (Ginseng Root), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) each 3 liang, Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) 1 liang, Fuzi (Aconite Root) 1 piece. Must be accompanied by difficulty in urination or manifestations such as edema, palpitations, dizziness, and cough.
5. Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction): Renshen (Ginseng Root), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) each 3 liang. Treats Spleen and Stomach Yang deficiency, diarrhea, abdominal fullness, and absence of tenderness on pressure.
6. Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction): Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit) 1 sheng, Renshen (Ginseng Root) 3 liang, Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) 6 liang, Dazao (Jujube) 12 pieces. Treats deficiency-cold in the Stomach, reduced appetite with desire to vomit, or stomach/abdominal pain, acid regurgitation, and dyspepsia.
7. Liuwei Huiyang Yin (Six-Ingredient Decoction to Return Yang): Renshen (Ginseng Root) from several qian to 2 liang, Paofuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root), Paojiang (Prepared Ginger) each 2-3 qian, Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) 1 qian, Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia Root) 5 qian to 1 liang, Dangguishen (Body of Angelica Sinensis Root) 3 qian. Decoct in water and take orally. Treats syndrome of Yang depletion about to collapse. (From *Jingyue Quanshu · Xin Fang Bazhen*)
8. Qifu Tang (Astragalus and Aconite Decoction): Zhi Huangqi (Honey-fried Astragalus Root) 4 qian, Paofuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root) 4 qian, Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) 10 slices. Decoct in water and take orally. Treats spontaneous sweating due to Wei-Yang (Defensive Yang) deficiency. (From *Chishui Xuanzhu*)
9. Jiji Tang (Decoction for Completion and Balance): Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit) each 1 liang, Sheng Shanyao (Raw Dioscorea Rhizome), Sheng Longgu (Fossilized Mammal Bones), Mu Li (Oyster Shell) each 6 qian, Fuling (Poria), Baishao (White Peony Root) each 3 qian, Fuzi (Aconite Root) 1 qian. Treats dual deficiency of Yin and Yang, panting with spontaneous sweating, upward deviation of eyes, palpitations like a hanging flag, or seminal emission, enuresis, and slippery discharge. (From *Yixue Zhongzhong Canxi Lu*)
10. Liyin Tang (Decoction for Regulating Fluids): Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) 4 qian, Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) 5 qian, Guizhi Jian (Tip of Cinnamon Twig), Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Fuling (Poria), Baishao (White Peony Root) each 3 qian, Fuzi (Aconite Root) 1 qian. Treats Heart and Kidney Yang deficiency, failure of Spleen dampness to ascend, stagnation of Stomach Qi failing to descend, and flooding of fluid pathogens.
11. Heixi Dan (Black Tin Pill): Treats floating of Yang due to deficiency, severe panting about to collapse, and deficiency-cold of the Lower Yuan.
12. Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction): Fuzi (Aconite Root) 2 pieces, Fuling (Poria) 3 liang, Renshen (Ginseng Root) 2 liang, Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) 4 liang, Shaoyao (Peony Root) 3 liang. Treats internal abundance of cold-dampness due to Yang deficiency, pain in limbs and joints, etc.
13. Dunfu Tang (Restorative Decoction): Dangshen (Codonopsis Root), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit), Buguzhi (Psoralea Fruit, crushed in fire) each 4 qian, Wu Fuzi (Dark Aconite Root), Hetao Ren (Walnut Kernel) each 3 qian, Sheng Shanyao (Raw Dioscorea Rhizome) 5 qian, Fuling (Poria), Sheng Jineijin (Chicken Gizzard Lining) each 1.5 qian. Treats Spleen and Kidney Yang deficiency, soreness and pain of waist and knees, morning diarrhea, etc. (From *Yixue Zhongzhong Canxi Lu*)
14. Zhengyuan Dan (Primary Origin Pill): Treats decline of Mingmen Fire failing to warm Earth (Spleen), vomiting and diarrhea with cold extremities, chest fullness, red face with heat sensation, dizziness, and other symptoms of Yin Fire rushing upward.
15. Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction): Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) 3 qian, Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) 2 qian, Dazao (Jujube) 12 pieces, Baishao (White Peony Root) 6 qian, Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) 3 qian, Yitang (Maltose) 1 liang. Treats deficiency-wasting with interior urgency, or deficiency-wasting with Yang deficiency fever.
Regarding Yin Deficiency
I. What is Yin Deficiency?
Old Li believes that so-called "Yin" is not an empty term, but the general name for all body fluids. The Daoist classics state: "Nasal mucus, saliva, essence, fluids, sweat, blood, and body liquids—the seven spiritual substances all belong to Yin." Old Li considers Yin to be the moisture within various human tissues. "Deficiency" means insufficiency. The body's moisture is fixed, accounting for approximately two-thirds of body weight. This moisture is constantly consumed and replenished through diet; this is the normal phenomenon. If consumption exceeds replenishment, accumulating over time, when consumption reaches 10%, all normal physiological functions will be affected, leading to certain changes. From subjective or objective perspectives, phenomena different from the usual will appear. Old Li considers these phenomena to be what is commonly called Yin Deficiency Syndrome. Thus, insufficiency of Lung fluids is Lung Yin Deficiency, insufficiency of Kidney essence is Kidney Yin Deficiency, insufficiency of Heart fluids is Heart Yin Deficiency, insufficiency of Liver fluids is Liver Yin Deficiency, and insufficiency of Spleen fluids is Spleen Yin Deficiency. Commonly referred to Yin Deficiency focuses mainly on the Lung, Spleen, and Kidneys. As for Heart and Liver Yin Deficiency, because they focus on Blood, they are categorized under Blood Deficiency.
II. Causes of Yin Deficiency
Old Li believes there are the following points:
1. Congenital insufficiency: This is the root cause of all deficiency syndromes, especially Yin Deficiency.
2. Chronic illness unhealed (such as febrile diseases where heat persists, or chronic cough, chronic diarrhea, chronic dysentery, chronic malaria, etc.): This is the cause of all Yin Deficiencies.
3. Improper use of sweating and purging methods (such as excessive use of diaphoretics or purgatives): This is also a cause of all Yin Deficiencies, but more frequently causes Heart, Spleen, and Kidney Yin Deficiencies.
4. Imprudent sexual activity: This is the main cause of Kidney Yin Deficiency.
5. Excessive smoking, alcohol, pungent, and spicy foods: This is the main cause of Lung Yin Deficiency, meaning excessive Fire leads to Yin Deficiency.
6. Excessive mental exertion: This is the main cause of Heart Yin Deficiency.
7. Anger and emotional depression unresolved for a long time: This is the main cause of Liver Yin Deficiency.
8. Excessive physical fatigue: This is the main cause of Spleen Yin Deficiency.
Generally speaking, Yin Deficiency caused by wine and sex is the most common. The reason is that few people practice moderation while many indulge. Furthermore, a single thread cannot make a cord. Regardless of excessive mental exertion or physical fatigue, if either does not combine with excessive sexual labor or congenital insufficiency, it will not quickly form a Yin Deficiency syndrome. Even if formed, it is easy to treat because the root has not been damaged.
III. Changes Caused by Yin Deficiency
Summarized, there are approximately the following 20 types:
1. Yin Deficiency generates Heat. This explains body heat, bone-steaming consumptive fever, five-palm heat, and all heat syndromes caused by Yin Deficiency.
2. Yin Deficiency leads to Blood Deficiency. This is because fluids are also major components of blood.
3. Yin Deficiency leads to Blood Dryness. The above two points explain scant menstruation, amenorrhea, and all dryness syndromes due to blood insufficiency caused by Yin Deficiency.
4. Yin Deficiency leads to Water Deficiency.
5. Yin Deficiency leads to Insufficiency of Fluids. The above two points explain fluid insufficiency syndromes such as dry mouth, thirst, dry nose, and dry throat caused by Yin Deficiency.
6. Yin Deficiency leads to Essence Deficiency. This explains symptoms such as scant essence, thin essence, and unstable essence retention caused by Yin Deficiency.
7. Yin Deficiency leads to Exuberant Fire.
8. Yin Deficiency leads to Moving Fire.
9. Yin Deficiency leads to Hyperactive Fire.
10. Yin Deficiency leads to Hyperactive Yang.
11. Yin Deficiency leads to Blazing Ministerial Fire. The above five points explain all fire phenomena caused by Yin Deficiency, such as bitter taste with preference for cold, dry tongue, and dry throat.
12. When Yin Deficiency and Exuberant Fire exist, fluids are scorched into Phlegm.
13. When Yin Deficiency and Moving Fire exist, water floods to become Phlegm. The above two points explain phlegm syndromes caused by Yin Deficiency.
14. When Yin Deficiency and Hyperactive Fire exist, blood is forced out through various orifices. This explains various bleeding syndromes caused by Yin Deficiency.
15. Yin Deficiency leads to Deficient Fire flaming upward.
16. Yin Deficiency leads to Floating Deficient Yang.
17. Yin Deficiency leads to Rebellious Deficient Yang. The above three points explain upper-jiao deficient heat phenomena such as red face, red lips, malar flush, dry cough, and vomiting caused by Yin Deficiency.
18. Yin Deficiency leads to Empty Marrow, with Fire sinking into bones. This explains bone-steaming with cold skin syndrome caused by Yin Deficiency.
19. Yin Deficiency leaves Yang without attachment.
20. Yin Deficiency leads to Sudden Collapse of Yang. The above two points explain collapse syndromes such as sudden vertigo and fainting, absence of phlegm sounds in the throat, and absence of pathogenic heat in the body caused by Yin Deficiency.
IV. Symptoms of Yin Deficiency
(1) Symptoms in Various Parts of the Body Due to Yin Deficiency
Head: Dizziness, headache.
Face: Red face with malar flush.
Eyes: Vertigo and blurred vision, red eyes.
Ears: Tinnitus and deafness (deafness occurs when Yin Deficiency Fire rises).
Nose: Dry nose, nasal congestion, breath coming out like fire, epistaxis.
Mouth: Dry mouth, thirst, hematemesis, hemoptysis, vomiting.
Tongue: Dry tongue, tongue pain, lingual bleeding.
Teeth and Gums: Loose teeth, gingival bleeding.
Throat: Dry and painful throat, loss of voice, ulceration of the throat.
Chest and Abdomen: Chest fullness and rebellious Qi, subjective feeling of internal heat, abdominal fullness (Zhongchun said: Spleen deficiency with middle-fullness, worse at night during quiet periods, indicates Spleen Yin Deficiency).
Lower Back: Pain in the lumbar spine.
Genitalia: Hematuria, stranguria or painful urination, nocturnal emission and seminal leakage in men, irregular menstruation, blood-depletion amenorrhea, and hidden pain during dream intercourse in women.
Anus: Constipation, rectal bleeding, loose stools.
Limbs: Soreness and pain in calves, dry heat in soles, heel pain, heat in palms and soles, dry and brittle nails with dull color.
Hair: Hair loss, hair disorder.
Skin: Night sweats, dry and rough skin.
Bones and Tendons: Bone-steaming night fever, generalized soreness and pain of bones and tendons, or pain as if breaking.
Diet: Loss of taste, hunger.
Respiration: Rebellious Qi, Qi obstruction, asthma, phlegmy cough, dry cough, hemoptysis.
Sleep: Insomnia.
Among these symptoms, without correct standards, one might easily mistake deer for a horse, misidentifying Yang Deficiency, Qi Deficiency, Blood Deficiency, or Deficient Fire syndromes as Yin Deficiency, because different syndromes may have identical symptoms. We must compare specific conditions, disease progression, and accompanying syndromes from various aspects, analyzing carefully to correctly differentiate the syndrome.
(2) Main Symptoms of Yin Deficiency
1. Fever in the afternoon.
2. Heat sensation in the five centers (palms, soles, and chest).
3. Deficient, fine, and rapid pulse.
4. General symptoms are worse at night when quiet or lighter in the morning and heavier in the evening.
5. Subjective sensation of fire, preference for cold foods, but eating cold foods does not resolve the problem.
(3) Accompanying Syndromes of Yin Deficiency
1. Lung Yin Deficiency
(1) Chronic cough unhealed for a long time.
(2) Or expectoration of turbid white frothy sputum, or dry cough without sputum, or scant sputum, or blood-streaked sputum.
(3) Or breath coming out of the nose like fire, or epistaxis.
(4) Or chest fullness and rebellious Qi, inability to lie on one side, rapid breathing, or hoarse voice.
2. Spleen Yin Deficiency
(1) Reduced appetite.
(2) Heaviness and fatigue of the four limbs.
(3) Emaciation of muscles.