本证初起及时治疗是可以治愈的，但因迁延日久，病势发展又速，致阴盛阳脱，正不胜邪，虽有良医也是无可奈何。古人说：“病要早治。”正是指此证而言。
301．少阴病，始得之，反发热，脉沉者，麻黄细辛附子汤主之。
[解说]
始得之：是开始发现的少阴病。
反发热：少阴病开始时本不应该有发热证，今反有之。
脉沉者：是脉微细而兼沉，不然如何知是少阴病。
[评按]
本病系“寒邪直中少阴之证”，这是从“始得之”三字体会出来的。根据实践，凡是一开始即发现三阴经之证，除了过食生冷之外，都属于寒邪直中之证。
再者，本病还应该兼有恶寒和不喜冷性饮食等症，这样对于本方的用法方不致有误，否则便属于少阴热证，误用之危亡立至。
302．少阴病，得之二三日，麻黄附子甘草汤微发汗。以二三日无里证，故微发汗也。
[解说]
得之二三日：这是不用细辛而用甘草之关键，因为始得者宜于速治，稍久者宜于缓治。
微发汗：表寒轻之证都宜微汗。
无里证：凡阳虚本是里证，所谓无里证者，是说明有比较突出的发热、恶寒、无汗之表证也。
[评按]
本节之病要和上节之病互相体会方能运用适宜，免致错误。
303．少阴病，得之二三日以上，心中烦，不得卧，黄连阿胶汤主之。
[解说]
二三日以上：这是从时间上让人辨別是否阴虚有热的一种方法。过去我对这句话是不太注意的，往往一见心烦不卧就用此方。有一次我自己患本病很重，自己不能处方，中西药用了好多，效果均不太大。最后，一个朋友坚持主张服用此方，数剂后，其病完全告愈。过了1年，又患此证，开始即服此药，2剂毫不见效。我的体质本来较弱，年龄75岁，从来不能服泻药，当时脉证如前，所不同者，自己还能考虑。因病难以忍受，放胆服增液承气，一剂其证霍然而愈。因此认为仲景“以上”二字是防止有虚中夹实之证存在。也从此更认识到辨证和实践的重要性。
编者按：上述表述是李老用红笔重新改定的。其原稿亦有参考价值，录以备考：“过去我对于这一句话很不注意，有时对于‘少阴病’三字也有些忽略，只是遇到心中烦、不得卧之证，便运用本方治疗，服过后效果不够满意，有一次是用栀子豉汤取效的，有一次是用增液承气汤取效的，最后一次用各种药都没有效，经过半月多时间，仍用本方才取到效果。因此在‘二三日以上’的一句话上才有所注意。当然我们对于任何病的认识都是从全面去分析和理解的，但关系不够显著的部分，也应该加以体会，不可有所忽视。”
心中烦，不得卧：烦是心中麻烦，最怕一切喧哗嘈杂的声音和暖气，但又不能多吃生冷、不得卧是经常在地上走动不能躺卧， 一躺下便觉心烦更甚．还得马上起来走动，白天还好，晚间真是盼不到天明，服镇静药只能在走动最疲乏的时候勉强睡一二小时，一醒就得起来走动，自己不能考虑处方，真有像发神经病的样子，难受万分。
[评按]
此证在我的体质，多发于感冒反复数次之后，开始一遇此证便用此方效果不大，经过多日后，再服之，则效果相当满意。
304．少阴病，得之一二日，口中和，其背恶寒者，当灸之，附子汤主之。
[解说]
得之一二日：是病初得之时。
口中和：即口不干，不苦，不渴，即没有里热证。
背恶寒：是阳虚征，阳虚故恶寒。
当灸之：灸是温经扶阳的外治法。当灸膈关二穴以除太阳之寒(隔关在太阳经第二行，平第七胸椎棘突F，去脊中三寸，各灸五壮)，关元一穴以助元阳之气(关元在任脉，脐下三寸，可灸百壮)。
附子汤：是温阳补气、健脾利水、和肝养血之方。
[评按]
本节应与下节联合体会方有具体的理解。
305．少阴病，身体痛，手足寒，骨节痛，脉沉者，附子汤主之。
[解说]
身体痛：是阳气不能正常运行于全身。
手足寒：是阳气不能行于四肢。
骨节痛：是阳气不能顺利行于关节，致寒湿有所瘀滞。
脉沉：是病在里的主症之一。
[评按]
本节前三证必须根据脉的浮沉辨清太阳和少阴，才能取到正确的治法。因为这三种症状是太阳、少阴共有之症，一有差误，变证是非常危险的。
306．少阴病，下利便脓血者，桃花汤主之。
[解说]
下利便脓血：这是没有里急后重热证现象的虚寒滑脱的痢疾，所以叫作少阴证。
[评按]
此证大部分是治疗失当，服凉性药过多，日久不愈所致。一般虚寒绝不会形成大便脓血之症。
307．少阴病，二三日至四五日，腹痛，小便不利，下利不止，便脓血者，桃花汤主之。
[解说]
少阴病：这也是虚寒之证。
二三日至四五日：这是随便举的日期，并没有深意。
腹痛：是虚寒证。
小便不利，下利不止：这是因下利不止引起的小便不利。余曾见一陈姓患者，每日大便六十余次，小便一点没有，诸医用利小便药毫不见效。余用真人养脏汤冲赤石脂面三钱(9克)，大便减少，小便自利。
便脓血：这也是没有里急后重的滑脱证，当时不能大声说话，一说话即大便自出。
[评按]
本病之虚寒实热根据有无滑脱及里急后重等症而能辨别清楚．小便不利及下利不止二症，治疗上比较突出。至于腹痛一症。不沦有无关系不大。
308．少阴病，下利便脓血者．可刺。
[评按]
下利便脓血可刺之证。我的经验认为都是实证，绝不是虚寒滑脱之证。
柯氏云：便脓血也有热人血室刺期门之证．我也经过，确实有效。
常器之云：可刺足少阴幽门、交信。郭雍说可灸。 (幽门二穴在鸠尾下一寸，巨阙穴两旁各五分陷中，治泻利脓血，刺五分，灸五壮；交信二穴在内踝后上二寸，复溜在筋前，交信在筋后，治泻利赤白，刺四分，留五呼，灸三壮。)以卜二说，我没有实践过，不敢随便说，但灸法适用于虚证，实证绝不相宜。
309．少阴病，吐利，手足逆冷，烦躁欲死者，吴茱萸汤主之。
[解说]
吐利：是寒邪侵犯肠胃。
手足逆冷：阳气不达于四肢的轻证。
烦躁欲死：是阳被阴拒，非阳亡阴绝之证。
吴茱萸汤：温中散寒，降逆止呕，补中。
[评按]
本病最重要的症候，就是烦躁一症。特别要从各方面注意是否为阳亡阴绝之证，因为阳亡阴绝之证不是吴茱萸汤所能治的。
编者按：以上是“李翰卿资料260”中保存的关于《伤寒论·少阴篇》前29节条文的内容。从第303条解说中提及75岁时自己的病案一则”可知该文写于1965年以后(1965年李老实岁73，然山西地方风俗习惯，论说年龄时多按虚岁计，虚岁较实际年龄大1或2岁)。另据笔者考证，该病案中坚持主张李老服用黄连阿胶汤的”一个朋友”是本院名医张子琳(1894—1983)大夫。年谱
李翰卿字华轩，又名希缙。
1892年出生于山西省灵丘县上沙坡村。
幼时在当地私塾读书并随舅父张玉玺学医，其舅父为当地名医。据云李15岁时已能单独开方应诊。
年轻时曾在家乡任国文教员。
1919年被本县推荐到山西省立医学传习所(川至医专前身)应试，并以第一名的成绩被录取。于该处毕业后曾任旧山西陆军(傅作义部队)军医、军医长等职。
1922年应邀到太原“复成堂”行医．
其后，先后任李翰卿诊所医师、“太原红十字会施诊所”医务主任、“太原红十字医院”副院长、体乾堂医师，兼太原国医公会执委。期间因其医德高尚，善治危急重证，而被广大群众誉为山西四大名医之一。
1946年任“太原中央考试处”襄试委员。
1949年太原解放后李翰卿将自己珍藏多年的万有文库一部，计1942册图书捐赠给国家，山西公学图书室在6月19日的《山西日报》上刊登鸣谢启事。同年下半年，太原成立了“中医研究会”，李翰卿被推举为会长。
1950年任山西省总工会职工医院、太原市工人疗养院第二医院医师、医务主任、副院长。
1952年“中医研究会”改组为“太原市卫生工作者协会”，李翰卿任中医会长。
1954年任“太原中医学会”会长。同年起历任山西省第一、二、三届人民代表大会代表。
1955年山西省人民委员会制定了“1956—1967年山西医药科学研究工作规划”，李翰卿任山西医药科学研究委员会副主任委员。
1956年8月加人中国共产党。同年山西省中国医学研究所成立，李翰卿任所长及党总支委员。同年任中华医学会山西分会副理事长。
1958年在党校学习时结识了山西医学院第一附属医院妇产科主任于载畿大夫，并从此与于载畿开始了治疗宫外孕的探索，此后又与于载畿、药朝昕、宋瑞荷等人共同组成中西医结合治疗宫外孕研究小组，深人展开了非手术疗法治疗宫外孕的研究与合作。
1959年任“山西省科学技术协会”委员(《山西日报》1959年7月3日刊登)。同年8月起历任山西省政协第二、三届常委、委员。
1959年1月李翰卿所著《伤寒一百一十三方使用法》内部印刷，该书是李翰卿“病证方药医学体系”实践的第一步。在当时作为山西省西医离职学习中医班的参考资料小范围流传。
1960年在李翰卿指导下安植基、安邦煜、平全意等进一步充实整理《伤寒一百一十三方使用法》为《伤寒论一百一十三方临床使用经验》，其手稿今存山西省中医药研究院中医基础理论研究所。
1961年起计划撰写一本中医治疗疾病的实用临床手册性质的书，积累资料甚丰，几经辗转至今尚有277册资料保存在山西省中医药研究院中医基础理论研究所。
1963年9月接待了北京中医学院刘渡舟教师率队的毕业班实习生一行20余人。
1965年国家科委、卫生部组织以全国著名妇产科专家林巧稚教授为首的专家组对“非手术治疗宫外孕”科研成果进行了鉴定，鉴定为“卫生部级科研成果”，被誉为妇产科领域中西医结合的典范，并拍成科教电影片放映。
1968年文革期间，所长之职被免，但“老所长”的称．呼却在老百姓口中一直流传到今天。
1970年¨月在京参加“全国中西医结合卫生会议”期间，突然患脑溢血住北京医院。住院期间周总理、钱信忠等党和国家领导人亲自过问其病情。
1971—1972年间在太原举办了两期全国中西医结合非手术治疗宫外孕学习班，病重期间由朱进忠介绍了李老妇科的治疗经验。
1972年7月4日病逝，享年80岁。附录
《伤寒论一百一十三方临床使用经验》精要
整理说明
《伤寒论一百一十三方临床使用经验》乃李翰卿先生遗著。现有1959年油印本(韩五辉原藏)和1960年手稿本存世．
1959年1月的油印本书名为《伤寒一百一十三方使用法》。其编排体例为：前言；其113方谨依《伤寒论》原书之序，未作分类编排：细目有方义、药品、加减法、煎法服法、用药大意、主治经验摘要、主症、禁忌症、应参考的方剂等9项。论述简明醒神。
1960年的手稿本由安植基、安邦煜和平全意等人协助李老整理抄录而成，此稿曾经李翰卿亲笔修改。并有李映淮(李翰卿之子)贴加的按语和陈重光整理的标记。其编排体例为：编写说明；将113方分为12类重新编排；细目有方义、主治、药品、加减法、煎法服法、用药大意、禁忌证、类似方剂参考、历代用药经验摘要等9项。论述较前详实。
此次整理是在先得到1960年手稿本，后发现1959年油印本的情况下进行的，因此在基本保持手稿本原貌的基础上 又参考油印本作了进一步完善。此外另有一些增删调整，详细说明如下：
1．此次整理李映淮按语、陈重光批注多所删略。
2。此次整理略去“历代用药经验摘要”一栏，因此栏多系仲景原文之重复。
3．此次整理参照《金匮五函经》卷七卷八的内容对手稿方序再次调整、之所以作上述调整。一是因为]960年手稿本的分类排序还略显粗放，并非定稿，二是因为整理者水平有限，不能完全把握李老原意，故取《金匮玉函经》方序作为编排依据。
4．此次整理，因删裁调整者较多，故定其名曰《伤寒论一百一十三方临床使用经验》精要。
5．药物计量单位维持原貌，即以两、钱等计，不换算作克。
再次感谢韩履祺大夫无偿提供其家三代(韩玉辉、韩必明、韩履祺)共同珍藏的1959年油印本资料<：)
整理者
2000年8月20日
编写说明
一、此编系本人根据仲景《伤寒论》编写的病、证、方、药四部分中的方剂部分。本人多年来在临床实践中体会到，《伤寒论》诸方，不但用药精简，法度严明，而且对学者明确地指出了符合实际的辨证纲领，果能善于掌握和应用，效果是非常显著的。
二、此编编写的目的主要有三点：①为了帮助学者容易领会古方运用的精神，避免受到后人“古方难用”说法的影响。②为了抛砖引玉，就正大方，以改正个人对伤寒方认识的缺点和错误，以便共同发掘中医学宝藏的潜在力量。③为了贯彻党的中医政策和百花齐放、百家争鸣的精神，以便中西医早日走向合流，更好地满足广大人民群众的迫切需要。
本证如果在初起时及时治疗，是可以治愈的；但因为病情迁延日久，病势发展迅速，导致阴寒内盛、阳气外脱，正气不能战胜邪气，即使有良医也是无可奈何。古人说：“疾病要早期治疗。”正是针对这种病症而言。
301．少阴病，刚开始发病时，反而出现发热，脉象沉的，用麻黄细辛附子汤主治。
[解说]
始得之：是指刚开始发现的少阴病。
反发热：少阴病开始时本来不应该有发热症状，现在反而出现了。
脉沉者：是脉象微细并且兼见沉脉，否则怎么知道是少阴病呢？
[评按]
本病属于“寒邪直接侵入少阴”的证候，这是从“始得之”这三个字体会出来的。根据实践经验，凡是开始就发现三阴经证候的，除了过食生冷之外，都属于寒邪直中的证候。
此外，本病还应该兼有恶寒和不喜冷性饮食等症状，这样对本方的用法才不会有误，否则便属于少阴热证，误用此方会导致危亡立即到来。
302．少阴病，患病二三天，用麻黄附子甘草汤微微发汗。因为患病二三天没有里证，所以采用微微发汗的方法。
[解说]
得之二三日：这是不用细辛而改用甘草的关键所在，因为刚发病者适宜速治，稍久者适宜缓治。
微发汗：表寒轻的证候都适宜微汗。
无里证：凡阳虚本是里证，所谓无里证，是说明有比较突出的发热、恶寒、无汗等表证。
[评按]
本节所述病症要和上一节所述病症互相参照体会，才能运用得当，避免错误。
303．少阴病，患病二三天以上，心中烦乱，不能安卧，用黄连阿胶汤主治。
[解说]
二三日以上：这是从时间上让人辨别是否阴虚有热的一种方法。过去我对这句话不太注意，往往一见心烦不卧就用此方。有一次我自己患此病很重，自己不能处方，中西药用了很多，效果都不太大。最后，一个朋友坚持主张服用此方，服了几剂后，病完全痊愈。过了1年，又患此证，开始即服此药，2剂毫无见效。我的体质本来较弱，年龄75岁，从来不能服泻药，当时脉证如前，所不同的是，自己还能思考。因病难以忍受，放胆服用增液承气汤，一剂其证霍然而愈。因此认为仲景所说的“以上”二字，是为了防止存在虚中夹实的证候。也从此更认识到辨证和实践的重要性。
编者按：上述表述是李老用红笔重新改定的。其原稿亦有参考价值，录以备考：“过去我对于这一句话很不注意，有时对于‘少阴病’三字也有些忽略，只是遇到心中烦、不得卧之证，便运用本方治疗，服过后效果不够满意，有一次是用栀子豉汤取效的，有一次是用增液承气汤取效的，最后一次用各种药都没有效，经过半月多时间，仍用本方才取到效果。因此在‘二三日以上’的一句话上才有所注意。当然我们对于任何病的认识都是从全面去分析和理解的，但关系不够显著的部分，也应该加以体会，不可有所忽视。”
心中烦，不得卧：烦是心中麻烦，最怕一切喧哗嘈杂的声音和暖气，但又不能多吃生冷；不得卧是经常在地上走动不能躺卧，一躺下便觉心烦更甚，还得马上起来走动，白天还好，晚间真是盼不到天明，服镇静药只能在走动最疲乏的时候勉强睡一二小时，一醒就得起来走动，自己不能考虑处方，真有像发神经病的样子，难受万分。
[评按]
此证在我的体质，多发于感冒反复数次之后，开始一遇此证便用此方效果不大，经过多日后，再服之，则效果相当满意。
304．少阴病，患病一二日，口中平和（不干、不苦、不渴），背部恶寒的，应当施灸，并用附子汤主治。
[解说]
得之一二日：是病初得之时。
口中和：即口不干，不苦，不渴，即没有里热证。
背恶寒：是阳虚征象，阳虚故恶寒。
当灸之：灸是温经扶阳的外治法。应当灸膈关二穴以除太阳之寒（膈关在太阳经第二行，平第七胸椎棘突下，去脊中三寸，各灸五壮），关元一穴以助元阳之气（关元在任脉，脐下三寸，可灸百壮）。
附子汤：是温阳补气、健脾利水、和肝养血之方。
[评按]
本节应与下节联合体会方有具体的理解。
305．少阴病，身体痛，手足寒冷，骨节痛，脉沉的，附子汤主治。
[解说]
身体痛：是阳气不能正常运行于全身。
手足寒：是阳气不能行于四肢。
骨节痛：是阳气不能顺利行于关节，致寒湿有所瘀滞。
脉沉：是病在里的主症之一。
[评按]
本节前三证必须根据脉的浮沉辨清太阳和少阴，才能取到正确的治法。因为这三种症状是太阳、少阴共有之症，一有差误，变证是非常危险的。
306．少阴病，下利并伴有脓血的，桃花汤主治。
[解说]
下利便脓血：这是没有里急后重热证现象的虚寒滑脱的痢疾，所以叫作少阴证。
[评按]
此证大部分是治疗失当，服凉性药过多，日久不愈所致。一般虚寒绝不会形成大便脓血之症。
307．少阴病，二三日至四五日，腹痛，小便不利，下利不止，便脓血的，桃花汤主治。
[解说]
少阴病：这也是虚寒之证。
二三日至四五日：这是随便举的日期，并没有深意。
腹痛：是虚寒证。
小便不利，下利不止：这是因下利不止引起的小便不利。余曾见一陈姓患者，每日大便六十余次，小便一点没有，诸医用利小便药毫不见效。余用真人养脏汤冲赤石脂面三钱（9克），大便减少，小便自利。
便脓血：这也是没有里急后重的滑脱证，当时不能大声说话，一说话即大便自出。
[评按]
本病之虚寒实热根据有无滑脱及里急后重等症而能辨别清楚。小便不利及下利不止二症，治疗上比较突出。至于腹痛一症，不论有无关系不大。
308．少阴病，下利并伴有脓血的，可以针刺。
[评按]
下利便脓血可刺之证。我的经验认为都是实证，绝不是虚寒滑脱之证。
柯氏云：便脓血也有热入血室刺期门之证，我也经过，确实有效。
常器之云：可刺足少阴幽门、交信。郭雍说可灸。（幽门二穴在鸠尾下一寸，巨阙穴两旁各五分陷中，治泻利脓血，刺五分，灸五壮；交信二穴在内踝后上二寸，复溜在筋前，交信在筋后，治泻利赤白，刺四分，留五呼，灸三壮。）以下二说，我没有实践过，不敢随便说，但灸法适用于虚证，实证绝不相宜。
309．少阴病，呕吐下利，手足逆冷，烦躁欲死的，吴茱萸汤主治。
[解说]
吐利：是寒邪侵犯肠胃。
手足逆冷：阳气不达于四肢的轻证。
烦躁欲死：是阳被阴拒，非阳亡阴绝之证。
吴茱萸汤：温中散寒，降逆止呕，补中。
[评按]
本病最重要的症候，就是烦躁一症。特别要从各方面注意是否为阳亡阴绝之证，因为阳亡阴绝之证不是吴茱萸汤所能治的。
编者按：以上是“李翰卿资料260”中保存的关于《伤寒论·少阴篇》前29节条文的内容。从第303条解说中提及75岁时自己的病案一则可知该文写于1965年以后（1965年李老实岁73，然山西地方风俗习惯，论说年龄时多按虚岁计，虚岁较实际年龄大1或2岁）。另据笔者考证，该病案中坚持主张李老服用黄连阿胶汤的“一个朋友”是本院名医张子琳（1894—1983）大夫。
年谱
李翰卿字华轩，又名希缙。
1892年出生于山西省灵丘县上沙坡村。
幼时在当地私塾读书并随舅父张玉玺学医，其舅父为当地名医。据云李15岁时已能单独开方应诊。
年轻时曾在家乡任国文教员。
1919年被本县推荐到山西省立医学传习所（川至医专前身）应试，并以第一名的成绩被录取。于该处毕业后曾任旧山西陆军（傅作义部队）军医、军医长等职。
1922年应邀到太原“复成堂”行医。
其后，先后任李翰卿诊所医师、“太原红十字会施诊所”医务主任、“太原红十字医院”副院长、体乾堂医师，兼太原国医公会执委。期间因其医德高尚，善治危急重证，而被广大群众誉为山西四大名医之一。
1946年任“太原中央考试处”襄试委员。
1949年太原解放后李翰卿将自己珍藏多年的万有文库一部，计1942册图书捐赠给国家，山西公学图书室在6月19日的《山西日报》上刊登鸣谢启事。同年下半年，太原成立了“中医研究会”，李翰卿被推举为会长。
1950年任山西省总工会职工医院、太原市工人疗养院第二医院医师、医务主任、副院长。
1952年“中医研究会”改组为“太原市卫生工作者协会”，李翰卿任中医会长。
1954年任“太原中医学会”会长。同年起历任山西省第一、二、三届人民代表大会代表。
1955年山西省人民委员会制定了“1956—1967年山西医药科学研究工作规划”，李翰卿任山西医药科学研究委员会副主任委员。
1956年8月加入中国共产党。同年山西省中国医学研究所成立，李翰卿任所长及党总支委员。同年任中华医学会山西分会副理事长。
1958年在党校学习时结识了山西医学院第一附属医院妇产科主任于载畿大夫，并从此与于载畿开始了治疗宫外孕的探索，此后又与于载畿、药朝昕、宋瑞荷等人共同组成中西医结合治疗宫外孕研究小组，深入展开了非手术疗法治疗宫外孕的研究与合作。
1959年任“山西省科学技术协会”委员（《山西日报》1959年7月3日刊登）。同年8月起历任山西省政协第二、三届常委、委员。
1959年1月李翰卿所著《伤寒一百一十三方使用法》内部印刷，该书是李翰卿“病证方药医学体系”实践的第一步。在当时作为山西省西医离职学习中医班的参考资料小范围流传。
1960年在李翰卿指导下安植基、安邦煜、平全意等进一步充实整理《伤寒一百一十三方使用法》为《伤寒论一百一十三方临床使用经验》，其手稿今存山西省中医药研究院中医基础理论研究所。
1961年起计划撰写一本中医治疗疾病的实用临床手册性质的书，积累资料甚丰，几经辗转至今尚有277册资料保存在山西省中医药研究院中医基础理论研究所。
1963年9月接待了北京中医学院刘渡舟教师率队的毕业班实习生一行20余人。
1965年国家科委、卫生部组织以全国著名妇产科专家林巧稚教授为首的专家组对“非手术治疗宫外孕”科研成果进行了鉴定，鉴定为“卫生部级科研成果”，被誉为妇产科领域中西医结合的典范，并拍成科教电影片放映。
1968年文革期间，所长之职被免，但“老所长”的称呼却在老百姓口中一直流传到今天。
1970年11月在京参加“全国中西医结合卫生会议”期间，突然患脑溢血住北京医院。住院期间周总理、钱信忠等党和国家领导人亲自过问其病情。
1971—1972年间在太原举办了两期全国中西医结合非手术治疗宫外孕学习班，病重期间由朱进忠介绍了李老妇科的治疗经验。
1972年7月4日病逝，享年80岁。
附录
《伤寒论一百一十三方临床使用经验》精要
整理说明
《伤寒论一百一十三方临床使用经验》乃李翰卿先生遗著。现有1959年油印本（韩五辉原藏）和1960年手稿本存世。
1959年1月的油印本书名为《伤寒一百一十三方使用法》。其编排体例为：前言；其113方谨依《伤寒论》原书之序，未作分类编排；细目有方义、药品、加减法、煎法服法、用药大意、主治经验摘要、主症、禁忌症、应参考的方剂等9项。论述简明醒神。
1960年的手稿本由安植基、安邦煜和平全意等人协助李老整理抄录而成，此稿曾经李翰卿亲笔修改。并有李映淮（李翰卿之子）贴加的按语和陈重光整理的标记。其编排体例为：编写说明；将113方分为12类重新编排；细目有方义、主治、药品、加减法、煎法服法、用药大意、禁忌证、类似方剂参考、历代用药经验摘要等9项。论述较前详实。
此次整理是在先得到1960年手稿本，后发现1959年油印本的情况下进行的，因此在基本保持手稿本原貌的基础上又参考油印本作了进一步完善。此外另有一些增删调整，详细说明如下：
1．此次整理李映淮按语、陈重光批注多所删略。
2．此次整理略去“历代用药经验摘要”一栏，因此栏多系仲景原文之重复。
3．此次整理参照《金匮玉函经》卷七卷八的内容对手稿方序再次调整。之所以作上述调整，一是因为1960年手稿本的分类排序还略显粗放，并非定稿，二是因为整理者水平有限，不能完全把握李老原意，故取《金匮玉函经》方序作为编排依据。
4．此次整理，因删裁调整者较多，故定其名曰《伤寒论一百一十三方临床使用经验》精要。
5．药物计量单位维持原貌，即以两、钱等计，不换算作克。
再次感谢韩履祺大夫无偿提供其家三代（韩玉辉、韩必明、韩履祺）共同珍藏的1959年油印本资料。
整理者
2000年8月20日
编写说明
一、此编系本人根据仲景《伤寒论》编写的病、证、方、药四部分中的方剂部分。本人多年来在临床实践中体会到，《伤寒论》诸方，不但用药精简，法度严明，而且对学者明确地指出了符合实际的辨证纲领，果能善于掌握和应用，效果是非常显著的。
二、此编编写的目的主要有三点：①为了帮助学者容易领会古方运用的精神，避免受到后人“古方难用”说法的影响。②为了抛砖引玉，就正大方，以改正个人对伤寒方认识的缺点和错误，以便共同发掘中医学宝藏的潜在力量。③为了贯彻党的中医政策和百花齐放、百家争鸣的精神，以便中西医早日走向合流，更好地满足广大人民群众的迫切需要。
This syndrome, if treated promptly at its onset, is curable. However, due to prolonged duration and rapid progression of the disease pathogenesis, leading to excessive Yin cold and collapse of Yang Qi (collapse of Yang energy), where the healthy Qi cannot overcome the pathogenic factor, even a skilled physician would be helpless. The ancients said, "Diseases must be treated early." This precisely refers to such syndromes.
301. In Shaoyin disease (Shaoyin Syndrome), when it first occurs, if there is fever contrary to expectation and the pulse is deep (Chen Mai), Mahuang Xixin Fuzi Tang (Ephedra, Asarum, and Aconite Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Explanation]
"When it first occurs": Refers to the initial discovery of Shaoyin disease.
"Fever contrary to expectation": Shaoyin disease typically does not present with fever at the onset; its appearance here is contrary to the norm.
"Pulse is deep": The pulse is faint, thin, and deep. Otherwise, how could one identify it as Shaoyin disease?
[Commentary]
This disease belongs to the syndrome of "Cold Pathogen directly invading the Shaoyin," inferred from the phrase "when it first occurs." Based on clinical practice, any case presenting with symptoms of the Three Yin meridians from the beginning, except for those caused by excessive consumption of raw or cold foods, falls under the category of direct invasion by Cold Pathogen.
Furthermore, this syndrome should also be accompanied by aversion to cold and dislike for cold foods/drinks. Only then can the usage of this formula be applied correctly without error. Otherwise, it constitutes a Shaoyin Heat Syndrome, and misusing this formula will lead to immediate peril.
302. In Shaoyin disease, after two or three days, Mahuang Fuzi Gancao Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Licorice Decoction) should be used to induce slight sweating. Since there are no interior syndromes after two or three days, slight sweating is indicated.
[Explanation]
"After two or three days": This is the key reason for using Gancao (Licorice) instead of Xixin (Asarum). Initial cases require rapid treatment, while those persisting slightly longer require gradual treatment.
"Slight sweating": Cases with mild exterior Cold are suitable for inducing slight sweat.
"No interior syndrome": Although Yang deficiency is inherently an interior condition, stating "no interior syndrome" implies that prominent exterior symptoms such as fever, aversion to cold, and absence of sweating are present.
[Commentary]
The syndrome described in this section must be understood in conjunction with the previous section to ensure appropriate application and avoid errors.
303. In Shaoyin disease, after two or more days, if there is mental restlessness (Xin Zhong Fan) and inability to lie down (Bu De Wo), Huanglian Ejiao Tang (Coptis and Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Explanation]
"After two or more days": This temporal marker serves as a method to differentiate whether the condition involves Yin deficiency with heat. In the past, I paid little attention to this phrase and often used this formula whenever mental restlessness and insomnia were observed. Once, I suffered severely from this illness myself, unable to prescribe for myself. Various Chinese and Western medicines yielded limited results. Finally, a friend insisted on administering this formula. After several doses, the illness completely resolved. One year later, the same syndrome recurred. Taking this medicine immediately yielded no effect after two doses. My constitution was naturally weak, and at age 75, I had never taken purgatives. At that time, the pulse and symptoms were similar, but I retained the ability to think. Due to unbearable suffering, I boldly administered Zengye Chengqi Tang (Increase Fluids and Drainage Decoction). One dose resulted in rapid recovery. Thus, I believe Zhang Zhongjing's use of "more than" (Yi Shang) aims to prevent the existence of syndromes involving deficiency mixed with excess. This further reinforced my understanding of the importance of pattern differentiation and practice.
Editor's Note: The above expression was revised by Mr. Li in red ink. His original manuscript also has reference value and is recorded for consideration: "In the past, I paid little attention to this sentence, sometimes even ignoring the term 'Shaoyin Disease.' Whenever I encountered mental restlessness and inability to lie down, I would apply this formula, but the results were unsatisfactory. Once, Zhi Zi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) was effective; once, Zengye Chengqi Tang was effective; finally, various medicines failed. After more than half a month, this formula finally achieved efficacy. It was only then that I paid attention to the phrase 'after two or more days.' Of course, our understanding of any disease comes from comprehensive analysis and comprehension, but parts that seem less significant should also be appreciated and not ignored."
"Mental restlessness, inability to lie down": Restlessness refers to internal distress, fearing all noisy sounds and warmth, yet being unable to consume much cold/raw food. Inability to lie down means constantly pacing on the floor, unable to recline. Lying down exacerbates the restlessness, requiring immediate rising and pacing. Days are tolerable, but nights feel endless. Sedatives only allow brief sleep during extreme fatigue upon waking; one must rise immediately. Unable to consider prescribing, the patient resembles someone with mental illness, suffering immensely.
[Commentary]
For my constitution, this syndrome often follows repeated episodes of common cold. Initially, applying this formula yields poor results, but after several days, subsequent administration produces satisfactory effects.
304. In Shaoyin disease, within one or two days, if the mouth feels neutral (not dry, bitter, or thirsty) and there is aversion to cold on the back, moxibustion should be applied, and Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Explanation]
"Within one or two days": Indicates the initial stage of the disease.
"Mouth feels neutral": Means no dryness, bitterness, or thirst in the mouth, indicating no interior Heat syndrome.
"Aversion to cold on the back": A sign of Yang deficiency; thus, aversion to cold arises.
"Moxibustion should be applied": Moxibustion is an external therapy to warm meridians and support Yang. Specifically, moxa should be applied to Ge Guan (BL17) bilaterally to dispel Taiyang Cold (Ge Guan is on the second row of the Bladder Meridian, level with the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the midline, five cones per point), and Guan Yuan (CV4) unilaterally to assist Yuan Yang (Primordial Yang) (Guan Yuan is on the Ren Meridian, 3 cun below the umbilicus, up to one hundred cones).
"Fuzi Tang": A formula that warms Yang, tonifies Qi, strengthens the Spleen, promotes water metabolism, harmonizes the Liver, and nourishes Blood.
[Commentary]
This section should be studied jointly with the next section for concrete understanding.
305. In Shaoyin disease, if there is body pain, cold hands and feet, bone and joint pain, and a deep pulse, Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Explanation]
"Body pain": Caused by Yang Qi failing to circulate normally throughout the body.
"Cold hands and feet": Caused by Yang Qi failing to reach the four limbs.
"Bone and joint pain": Caused by Yang Qi failing to flow smoothly through joints, leading to stagnation of Cold-Dampness.
"Deep pulse": One of the main signs indicating disease in the interior.
[Commentary]
The first three symptoms in this section must be differentiated between Taiyang and Shaoyin based on whether the pulse is floating or deep to determine the correct treatment. These three symptoms are shared by both Taiyang and Shaoyin; any error leads to dangerous transformation syndromes.
306. In Shaoyin disease, if there is diarrhea with pus and blood, Taohua Tang (Peach Kernel Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Explanation]
"Diarrhea with pus and blood": This refers to dysentery characterized by deficiency-Cold and slipping discharge, lacking the sensation of tenesmus and heat signs; hence it is classified as a Shaoyin syndrome.
[Commentary]
Most cases result from improper treatment, specifically excessive consumption of cooling medicines, leading to chronic non-resolution. Generally, pure deficiency-Cold does not form pus and blood in stool.
307. In Shaoyin disease, from two to three days up to four to five days, if there is abdominal pain, difficult urination, incessant diarrhea, and stool containing pus and blood, Taohua Tang (Peach Kernel Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Explanation]
"Shaoyin disease": This is also a deficiency-Cold syndrome.
"Two to three days up to four to five days": Arbitrary timeframes cited without profound implication.
"Abdominal pain": Indicates deficiency-Cold.
"Difficult urination, incessant diarrhea": Difficult urination is caused by the incessant diarrhea. I once treated a patient surnamed Chen who defecated over sixty times daily with no urine output. Diuretics were ineffective. I used Zhenren Yangzang Tang (True Person's Nourishing Viscera Decoction) mixed with Chishizhi powder (Red Halloysite), reducing bowel movements and restoring normal urination.
"Stool containing pus and blood": Also a slipping syndrome without tenesmus. The patient could not speak loudly; speaking caused involuntary defecation.
[Commentary]
Differentiation between deficiency-Cold and excess-Heat relies on the presence or absence of slipping discharge and tenesmus. Difficult urination and incessant diarrhea are prominent therapeutic targets. Abdominal pain is less critical regardless of its presence.
308. In Shaoyin disease, if there is diarrhea with pus and blood, acupuncture may be used.
[Commentary]
Regarding acupuncture for diarrhea with pus and blood: In my experience, these are always excess syndromes, never deficiency-Cold slipping syndromes.
Ke Shi stated: Pus and blood in stool can also indicate Heat entering the Blood Chamber, treatable by puncturing Qimen (LR14); I have experienced this, and it is indeed effective.
Chang Qizhi stated: Puncture Youmen (KI21) and Jiaoxin (KI8) of the Foot-Shaoyin meridian. Guo Yong suggested moxibustion. (Youmen is 1 cun below Jiwei (CV15), in the depression 0.5 cun lateral to Juque (CV14), treating dysenteric pus/blood, needle 0.5 cun, moxa 5 cones; Jiaoxin is 2 cun posterior-superior to the medial malleolus, anterior/posterior to Fuliu (KI7), treating bloody/white dysentery, needle 0.4 cun, retain 5 breaths, moxa 3 cones.) Regarding these two theories, I have not practiced them and dare not comment casually, but moxibustion applies to deficiency syndromes and is absolutely unsuitable for excess syndromes.
309. In Shaoyin disease, if there is vomiting and diarrhea, cold reversal of hands and feet, and severe irritability bordering on death, Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Explanation]
"Vomiting and diarrhea": Caused by Cold Pathogen invading the Stomach and Intestines.
"Cold reversal of hands and feet": A mild sign of Yang Qi failing to reach the extremities.
"Severe irritability bordering on death": Indicates Yang being rejected by Yin, not the collapse of Yang and exhaustion of Yin.
"Wuzhuyu Tang": Warms the Middle, disperses Cold, directs rebellious Qi downward, stops vomiting, and tonifies the Interior.
[Commentary]
The most crucial symptom of this disease is irritability. One must carefully assess whether it represents the collapse of Yang and exhaustion of Yin, as this condition is not treatable with Wuzhuyu Tang.
Editor's Note: The above content preserves the first 29 articles of the "Shaoyin Chapter" from *Shanghan Lun* found in "Li Hanqing Materials 260." Based on the mention of his illness at age 75 in the explanation for Article 303, this text was written after 1965 (Li was actually 73 in 1965, but Shanxi custom counts age by nominal years, which are 1-2 years older than actual age). Furthermore, research indicates that the "friend" who insisted Li take Huanglian Ejiao Tang was Dr. Zhang Zilin (1894–1983), a renowned physician at the hospital.
Chronology
Li Hanqing, courtesy name Huaxuan, also known as Xijin.
Born in 1892 in Shangshapo Village, Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province.
Studied in local private schools in childhood and learned medicine from his uncle, Zhang Yuxi, a renowned local physician. It is said that by age 15, he could prescribe and diagnose independently.
Worked as a national language teacher in his hometown during his youth.
Recommended by the county in 1919 to take the entrance exam for the Shanxi Provincial Medical Training Institute (precursor to Chuanzhi Medical College), admitted with top marks. After graduation, served as military doctor and chief medical officer for the former Shanxi Army (Fu Zuoyi's forces).
Invited to practice medicine at "Fucheng Hall" in Taiyuan in 1922.
Subsequently served as physician at Li Hanqing Clinic, Director of Medical Services at Taiyuan Red Cross Dispensary, Vice President of Taiyuan Red Cross Hospital, physician at Tiqian Hall, and executive committee member of the Taiyuan National Medicine Association. Praised by the masses as one of the Four Great Physicians of Shanxi due to his high medical ethics and skill in treating critical conditions.
Served as assistant examiner for the "Taiyuan Central Examination Office" in 1946.
After the liberation of Taiyuan in 1949, Li donated his collection of the Wan You Wen Ku library (1,942 volumes) to the state. The Shanxi Public School Library published a thank-you notice in the *Shanxi Daily* on June 19. In the second half of the year, the "Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Association" was established in Taiyuan, and Li was elected president.
Served as physician, director of medical services, and vice president at the Shanxi Provincial Federation of Trade Unions Workers' Hospital and Taiyuan Workers' Sanatorium Second Hospital in 1950.
The "TCM Research Association" reorganized into the "Taiyuan Health Workers Association" in 1952, with Li serving as TCM president.
Elected president of the "Taiyuan TCM Society" in 1954. From that year, served as a representative to the First, Second, and Third Sessions of the Shanxi Provincial People's Congress.
Appointed deputy director of the Shanxi Medical Science Research Committee in 1955, following the formulation of the "1956–1967 Shanxi Medical Science Research Work Plan" by the Shanxi Provincial People's Council.
Joined the Communist Party of China in August 1956. That year, the Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine was established, with Li serving as director and member of the General Branch Committee. Also served as vice chairman of the Shanxi Branch of the Chinese Medical Association.
Met Dr. Yu Zaiji, Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical College, while studying at the Party School in 1958. Began exploring surgical-free treatment for ectopic pregnancy with Yu. Later formed a research group with Yu, Yao Chaoxin, Song Ruihe, etc., conducting in-depth research and cooperation on non-surgical therapies for ectopic pregnancy.
Served as a member of the "Shanxi Association for Science and Technology" in 1959 (*Shanxi Daily*, July 3, 1959). From August 1959, served as standing committee member and member of the Second and Third Sessions of the Shanxi Provincial Political Consultative Conference.
Internally printed his work *Usage Methods for 113 Formulas of Shanghan Lun* in January 1959. This marked the first step in Li's "Disease-Syndrome-Formula-Medicine" system. Circulated widely as reference material for western-trained doctors learning TCM in Shanxi.
Under Li's guidance, An Zhi ji, An Bangyu, Ping Quanyi, etc., further enriched and organized the work into *Clinical Usage Experience of 113 Formulas of Shanghan Lun* in 1960. The manuscript is preserved at the Institute of Basic Theory of TCM, Shanxi Academy of Chinese Medicine.
From 1961, planned to write a practical clinical manual for TCM disease treatment, accumulating abundant materials. To date, 277 volumes of materials remain preserved at the Institute of Basic Theory of TCM, Shanxi Academy of Chinese Medicine.
Received a group of over 20 graduating interns led by Teacher Liu Duzhou from Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in September 1963.
In 1965, a panel of experts led by Professor Lin Qiaozhi, a nationally renowned obstetrician/gynecologist, organized by the State Science and Technology Commission and Ministry of Health, appraised the scientific achievement of "Non-surgical Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy." It was appraised as a "Ministry of Health Scientific Achievement," hailed as a model of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in obstetrics/gynecology, and filmed as an educational documentary.
During the Cultural Revolution in 1968, his position as director was removed, but the title "Old Director" continued to be used by the public until today.
In November 1970, while attending the "National Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Health Conference" in Beijing, he suddenly suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and was hospitalized in Beijing. Premier Zhou Enlai, Qian Xinzong, and other national leaders personally inquired about his condition during his hospitalization.
Held two national training classes on integrated Chinese and Western non-surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy in Taiyuan between 1971 and 1972. During his serious illness, Zhu Jinzhong introduced Li's gynecological treatment experiences.
Passed away on July 4, 1972, at the age of 80.
Appendix
Essentials of *Clinical Usage Experience of 113 Formulas of Shanghan Lun*
Compilation Notes
*Clinical Usage Experience of 113 Formulas of Shanghan Lun* is the posthumous work of Mr. Li Hanqing. Existing versions include a 1959 mimeographed edition (originally collected by Han Wuhui) and a 1960 handwritten manuscript.
The January 1959 mimeographed edition was titled *Usage Methods for 113 Formulas of Shanghan Lun*. Its structure included: Preface; the 113 formulas followed the order of the original *Shanghan Lun* without classification; details included Formula Meaning, Ingredients, Modifications, Decoction/Administration, Key Points of Medication, Summary of Clinical Experience, Main Symptoms, Contraindications, and Reference Formulas (9 items). The discussion was concise and illuminating.
The 1960 handwritten manuscript was compiled and transcribed with the assistance of An Zhi ji, An Bangyu, and Ping Quanyi, and modified by Li Hanqing himself. It includes annotations added by Li Yinghuai (Li's son) and markers organized by Chen Chongguang. Its structure included: Compilation Instructions; the 113 formulas reclassified into 12 categories; details included Formula Meaning, Indications, Ingredients, Modifications, Decoction/Administration, Key Points of Medication, Contraindications, Similar Formulas for Reference, and Summary of Historical Medication Experience (9 items). The discussion was more detailed than the previous version.
This compilation was conducted after obtaining the 1960 manuscript and subsequently discovering the 1959 mimeographed edition. Therefore, while maintaining the original appearance of the manuscript, improvements were made referencing the mimeographed edition. Additionally, some additions, deletions, and adjustments were made, detailed as follows:
1. Annotations by Li Yinghuai and comments by Chen Chongguang were largely omitted in this compilation.
2. The column "Summary of Historical Medication Experience" was omitted as it largely repeated Zhang Zhongjing's original text.
3. The order of formulas in the manuscript was adjusted again referencing Volume 7 and 8 of *Jingui Yufan Jing*. Reasons for adjustment: (1) The classification and ordering in the 1960 manuscript were somewhat rough and not final; (2) The compilers' limited ability prevented full grasp of Li's original intent, so the formula order of *Jingui Yufan Jing* was adopted as the basis for arrangement.
4. Due to numerous deletions and adjustments, the title was set as *Essentials of Clinical Usage Experience of 113 Formulas of Shanghan Lun*.
5. Drug measurement units were maintained in their original form (liang, qian, etc.), without conversion to grams.
Special thanks to Dr. Han Lüqi for providing free access to the 1959 mimeographed edition treasured by three generations of his family (Han Yuhui, Han Biming, Han Lüqi).
Compiler
August 20, 2000
Compilation Instructions
1. This compilation focuses on the "Formulas" section among the four parts (Disease, Syndrome, Formula, Medicine) based on Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*. Through years of clinical practice, I have realized that the formulas in *Shanghan Lun* not only use precise medications and strict principles but also clearly point out practical guidelines for pattern differentiation for students. If mastered and applied well, the effects are very significant.
2. The main purposes of this compilation are threefold: (1) To help students easily grasp the spirit of ancient formula application, avoiding the influence of the later saying "Ancient formulas are difficult to use." (2) To throw a brick to attract jade, seeking correction from experts to rectify personal shortcomings and errors in understanding Shanghan formulas, thereby jointly unlocking the potential power of TCM treasures. (3) To implement the Party's TCM policy and the spirit of "Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend," facilitating the early convergence of Chinese and Western medicine to better meet the urgent needs of the broad masses of people.