答曰。病有标本。病为本令为标。用寒则顺时而失本。用热则从本而逆时。故不从标本
而从乎中治。中治者用温也。然则温不能救大
寒之病。用姜附则不可。若用姜附。似非温治之。不然衰其大半乃止。脉反四至余病便天令
治之足矣。虽用姜附。是亦中治也。非温而何。经曰。用热远热。虽用之不当。然胜主可化
亦其理也。
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东南二方用麻黄。谓开腠理发汗也。西北二方用桂枝。谓闭腠理止汗也。
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久咳不已。三焦受之。其状咳而腹满不欲食饮。此皆聚于胃关于肺。使人多涕唾。面浮肿气
逆也。钱氏异功散。
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疟之为病以暑舍于荣卫之间得秋之风寒所伤而后
发。亦有非暑感冒风寒而得之者。邪并于阳。则发热来水不能凉邪并于阴则发寒汤火不能温
。并则病作。离则病止。作止故有时。在气则发早。在血则发晏。浅则日作。深则间日。或
在头项或在背中。或在腰脊。虽上下远近之不同。在太阳一也。或在四肢者。风淫之所及。
随所伤而作。不必尽当风府也先寒而后热者。谓之寒疟。先热而后寒者。谓之温疟二者不当
治水。火当从乎中治。中治者少阳也。渴者燥胜也不渴者湿胜也。疟虽伤暑。遇秋而发。
其不应也。秋病寒甚。太阳多也。冬寒不甚。阳不
争也。春病则恶风。夏病则多汗。汗者皆少阳虚也。其病随四时。而作异形如此。又有得之
于冬而发之于暑。邪舍于肾足少阴也。有藏之于心。内热素于肺。手太阴也至于少气烦冤手
足热而呕。但热而不寒。谓之痹疟。足阳明也治之奈何。方其盛矣。
勿取必毁。因其衰也。事必大昌。治法易老疟论备矣。
回答说：疾病有本和标之分。病邪是本，时令气候是标。如果在炎热季节使用寒凉药物，虽然顺应了时令（标），却违背了疾病的本质（本）；如果使用温热药物，虽然顺从了疾病的本质（本），却违背了时令气候（标）。因此，不单纯顺从本或标，而是采取“中治”的方法。“中治”即使用温性药物。然而，温性药物不能救治大寒之病，此时不能用干姜、附子。如果使用了干姜、附子，就不算是“温治”了。否则，应当遵循“衰其大半而止”的原则，待脉象恢复至每息四至（正常脉率），其余病症便顺应天时自然治愈即可。即使使用了干姜、附子，这也属于“中治”的范畴，如果不是温性的又是什么呢？《内经》说：“用热药要避开炎热的时令。”虽然在这种情况下使用热药可能不当，但通过治疗使主病邪得以化解，也是符合医理的。
在东南方，使用麻黄，目的是开发腠理以发汗；在西北方，使用桂枝，目的是闭合腠理以止汗。
【久咳不愈，三焦受累】图
咳嗽日久不愈，病邪传入三焦。症状表现为咳嗽且腹部胀满，不想饮食。这是因为痰饮聚积于胃，影响及肺，导致人多涕唾，面部浮肿，气机上逆。可用钱乙的异功散治疗。
【疟疾证候与汤液】图
疟疾这种病，是因为暑邪潜伏在荣卫之间，遇到秋季的风寒侵袭后发作。也有并非因暑邪感冒风寒而得病的。当邪气并入阳分，则发热，喝水也不能降温；当邪气并入阴分，则发冷，用火烤也不能温暖。邪气相并则发病，分离则病止，所以发作和停止都有定时。邪在气分则发作较早，邪在血分则发作较晚；邪浅则每日发作，邪深则隔日发作。病位有的在头项，有的在背中，有的在腰脊。虽然上下远近不同，但都归属于太阳经。有的在四肢，这是风邪淫溢所致，随受伤部位而发作，不一定都在风府穴。先恶寒后发热的，称为寒疟；先发热的，称为温疟。这两种情况不应单纯治水或火，而应从乎中治，“中治”对应的是少阳经。口渴的是燥胜，不渴的是湿胜。疟疾虽由伤暑引起，但在秋季发作，这与暑邪本性不符。秋季寒气甚盛，多为太阳经受病；冬季寒气不甚，阳气不争；春季发病则怕风；夏季发病则多汗，这些都是因为少阳虚损所致。病情随四季变化而呈现不同形态。还有在冬季感受邪气而在暑季发作的，邪气潜伏在肾（足少阴经）；有的藏于心，内热素盛于肺（手太阴经），出现少气、烦闷、手足发热而呕吐，只发热而不恶寒，称为痹疟，归属于足阳明经。如何治疗呢？当邪气正盛时，不要强行攻取以免损伤正气；趁着邪气衰退时治疗，事情一定能成功。易老的《疟论》中治疗方法已经很完备了。
Answer: Diseases have a root (Ben) and a branch (Biao). The pathogenic factor is the root, while the seasonal climate is the branch. Using cold herbs to treat follows the branch but deviates from the root; using hot herbs treats according to the root but contradicts the branch. Therefore, one should not follow merely the root or the branch, but adopt "middle treatment" (Zhong Zhi). Middle treatment involves using warm herbs. However, warm herbs cannot rescue severe cold diseases, so Ginger (Sheng Jiang) and Aconite (Fu Zi) should not be used. If Ginger and Aconite are used, it is no longer considered "warm treatment." Otherwise, one should follow the principle of "stopping when more than half of the pathogen is eliminated." When the pulse returns to four beats per respiration (normal rate), the remaining symptoms will resolve naturally in accordance with the season. Even if Ginger and Aconite are used, this still falls under the category of middle treatment; if it were not warm, what would it be? The Classics state: "When using hot remedies, avoid hot seasons." Although using them inappropriately might seem contrary, resolving the primary pathogen through treatment is also consistent with medical principles.
In the southeast regions, Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) is used to open the interstices (Cou Li) and induce sweating. In the northwest regions, Cinnamon Twig Decoction (Guizhi Tang, 桂枝汤) is used to close the interstices and stop sweating.
[Diagram of Formulas for Coughs According to Zang-Fu Organs]
Chronic cough that does not heal affects the San Jiao (Triple Burner). The presentation includes coughing, abdominal fullness, and loss of appetite. This occurs because phlegm-fluids accumulate in the Stomach and affect the Lung, causing excessive nasal discharge and saliva, facial edema, and rebellious Qi. Yi Gong San (Isolated Efficacy Powder) by Qian Yi can be used.
[Diagram of Malaria Syndromes and Formulas]
Malaria arises when Summerheat (Shu) lingers between the Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) levels, and is triggered by Wind-Cold in autumn. There are also cases not caused by Summerheat complicated by Wind-Cold. When the pathogen merges with Yang, fever occurs, and drinking water cannot cool it; when it merges with Yin, chills occur, and fire cannot warm it. When merged, the disease manifests; when separated, it ceases, hence the periodicity. If in Qi, onset is early; if in Blood, onset is late. If shallow, it occurs daily; if deep, every other day. It may manifest in the head and neck, back, or waist and spine. Regardless of location, it often relates to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel. Manifestations in the limbs are due to Wind pathogen invasion, occurring at the site of injury, not necessarily only at Fengfu (GV16). Chills preceding fever is called Cold Malaria (Han Nue); fever preceding chills is called Warm Malaria (Wen Nue). These two types should not be treated solely by manipulating Water or Fire, but via middle treatment, which corresponds to Shaoyang (Lesser Yang). Thirst indicates Dryness predominance; lack of thirst indicates Dampness predominance. Although Malaria originates from Summerheat, its occurrence in autumn contradicts the nature of Summerheat. Autumn has severe cold, often involving Taiyang; winter cold is mild, with less Yang contention; spring onset involves aversion to wind; summer onset involves profuse sweating, all indicating Shaoyang deficiency. The disease presents differently across seasons. Some contracts pathogens in winter but manifests in summer, with pathogens lodging in the Kidney (Foot-Shaoyin); some lodge in the Heart, with inherent internal heat affecting the Lung (Hand-Taiyin), presenting with shortness of breath, vexation, heat in hands and feet, and vomiting. Only fever without chills is called Bi Malaria, relating to Foot-Yangming. How to treat? Do not attack forcefully when the pathogen is strong, lest you damage healthy Qi; treat when the pathogen is declining, and success is assured. Yi Lao's Treatise on Malaria provides comprehensive treatment methods.