气温，味酸，阴中阳。酸而微苦，味浓气轻，阴中微阳。无毒。
入手太阴经，入足少阴经。
《象》云∶大益五脏。
孙真人云∶五月常服五味子，以补五脏气，遇夏月季夏之间，困乏无力，无气以动，与
黄、人参、麦门冬，少加黄柏，煎汤服，使人精神顿加，两足筋力涌出。生用。
《珍》云∶治咳嗽。
《心》云∶收肺气，补气不足，升也。酸以收逆气，肺寒气逆，则以此药与干姜同用治
之。
《本草》云∶主咳逆上气，劳伤羸瘦，补不足，益气强阴益精，养五脏，除热。
《日华子》云∶明目，暖水脏，治风，下气消食。霍乱转筋， 癖，奔豚冷气。消水肿
，反胃，心腹气胀。止渴，除烦热，解酒毒，壮筋骨。五味皮甘肉酸，核中辛苦，都有咸味
，故名五味子。仲景八味丸用此为肾气丸，述类象形也。
孙真人云∶六月常服五味子，以益肺金之气，在上则滋源，在下则补肾，故入手太阴、
足少阴也。
气大寒，味苦、甘。甘，纯阳。有毒。
《本草》云∶主大腹疝瘕，腹满，面目浮肿，留饮宿食。破坚消积，利水谷道。下五水
，散膀胱留热，皮中痞热，气肿满。瓜蒂为使。恶远志，反甘草。
《液》云∶可以通水，而其气直透达所结处。
《衍义》云∶此药专于行水，攻决为用，入药须斟酌用之。
《珍》云∶若水结胸中，非此不能除。
（五味子）气温，味酸，属于阴中有阳。味道酸而略带苦味，气味浓郁但气轻，属于阴中微阳。无毒。
归入手太阴肺经，归入足少阴肾经。
李杲（号东垣，世称李东垣或李洁，此处《象》指李杲《医学启源》）说：大补五脏。
孙思邈说：五月常服五味子，以补益五脏之气，遇到夏季和季夏之间，感到困乏无力，没有力气活动，用五味子与人参、麦门冬同用，稍加黄柏，煎汤服用，能使人精神顿时振奋，两腿筋力涌出。生用。
张元素（号洁古，此处《珍》指张元素《珍珠囊》）说：治疗咳嗽。
王好古（号海藏，此处《心》指王好古《汤液本草》或相关论述，通常《心》指李杲《用药法象》或王好古自述，结合上下文及《汤液本草》体例，此处多引前人医家之言，若指王好古本人观点或其所引《此事难知》等，暂按原文“《心》”处理，通常指代某部著作或观点，此处依文意翻译为观点来源）说：收敛肺气，补气不足，作用趋势向上。酸味能收敛逆气，肺寒导致气逆，就用此药与干姜同用来治疗它。
《神农本草经》说：主治咳逆上气，劳伤导致的身体消瘦虚弱，补益不足，益气强阴益精，滋养五脏，清除热邪。
《日华子本草》说：明目，温暖水脏（肾），治疗风邪，降气消食。治疗霍乱转筋，癖块，奔豚冷气。消除水肿，反胃，心腹气胀。止渴，清除烦热，解酒毒，强壮筋骨。五味子的皮甘肉酸，核中辛苦，都有咸味，所以名叫五味子。张仲景的八味丸使用此药作为肾气丸的基础，是取类比象的意思。
孙思邈说：六月常服五味子，以补益肺金之气，在上则滋润水源，在下则补肾，所以归入手太阴、足少阴经。
（甘遂）气大寒，味苦、甘。甘，纯阳。有毒。
《神农本草经》说：主治大腹疝瘕，腹部胀满，面目浮肿，留饮宿食。破除坚积，消除积聚，通利大小便。下五水（五种水饮病），散膀胱留热，皮肤中痞热，气肿胀满。以瓜蒂为使药。忌与远志同用，反甘草。
《中药液》（此处《液》可能指《汤液本草》中的某段论述或特定版本引用，通常指代对药性机理的解释）说：可以通利水湿，而其药气直接透达结聚之处。
《衍义》说：此药专门用于行水，以攻决为用，入药必须斟酌使用。
张元素（此处《珍》再次出现，指张元素观点）说：如果水结聚在胸中，不用此药不能消除。
(Five-Flavor Berry / Wuweizi) Its thermal nature is warm, its taste is sour, belonging to Yin with a Yang aspect. It tastes sour and slightly bitter, with a strong flavor but light aroma, belonging to Yin with a slight Yang aspect. It is non-toxic.
It enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
Li Gao (referenced as "Xiang") states: It greatly benefits the Five Zang organs.
Sun Simiao states: Taking Five-Flavor Berry regularly in May tonifies the Qi of the Five Zang organs. During the summer months, specifically between early summer and late summer, when one feels fatigued and weak, lacking the energy to move, it can be decocted with Ginseng, Ophiopogon Tuber (Mendong), and a small amount of Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai). This will instantly restore spirit and cause strength to surge in the tendons of both legs. Use raw.
Zhang Yuansu (referenced as "Zhen") states: It treats coughing.
Wang Haogu (referenced as "Xin", likely referring to his own work or a specific text cited therein) states: It astringes Lung Qi and supplements insufficient Qi; its action ascends. The sour taste astringes rebellious Qi. When Cold in the Lung causes Qi rebellion, this herb is used together with Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) to treat it.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: It primarily treats coughing and rebellious Qi, emaciation and thinness due to overstrain, supplements deficiencies, benefits Qi, strengthens Yin and essence, nourishes the Five Zang organs, and eliminates heat.
*Riben Huazi Bencao* states: It brightens the eyes, warms the Water Organ (Kidney), treats wind patterns, directs Qi downward, and aids digestion. It treats cholera with muscle cramps, fixed masses (Pi), and cold Qi rushing up (Ben Tun). It reduces edema, treats regurgitation, and resolves Qi distension in the heart and abdomen. It stops thirst, eliminates vexation and heat, detoxifies alcohol, and strengthens sinews and bones. The skin of Five-Flavor Berry is sweet, the flesh is sour, the core is pungent and bitter, and all parts contain a salty taste, hence the name Five-Flavor Berry. Zhang Zhongjing uses this herb in the Eight-Ingredient Pill (Bawei Wan) as the basis for the Kidney Qi Pill (Shenqi Wan), employing the method of analogical imagery.
Sun Simiao states: Taking Five-Flavor Berry regularly in June benefits the Qi of Metal (Lung). Upper body benefits by moistening the source, lower body benefits by tonifying the Kidney; therefore, it enters the Hand-Taiyin and Foot-Shaoyin meridians.
(Kansui / Kansui Radix) Its thermal nature is severely cold, its tastes are bitter and sweet. Sweet, pure Yang. It is toxic.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: It primarily treats large abdominal hernias and masses, abdominal fullness, edema of the face and eyes, retained fluid and undigested food. It breaks hardness, eliminates accumulations, and promotes the passage of water and grain (urine and stool). It drains the "Five Waters" (types of fluid retention), disperses retained heat in the Bladder, clears stagnation and heat in the skin, and reduces Qi-type swelling and fullness. Melon Tendril (Gua Di) serves as an assistant. It is incompatible with Polygala Root (Yuanzhi) and opposes Licorice Root (Gancao).
*Zhongyao Ye* (referencing specific commentary on liquid dynamics) states: It can unblock water flow, and its Qi penetrates directly to the site of accumulation.
*Yanyi* states: This herb specializes in promoting water metabolism and acts through forceful expulsion; it must be used with caution in prescriptions.
Zhang Yuansu (referenced as "Zhen") states: If water is knotted in the chest, only this herb can eliminate it.